It was admitted on the part of defendant that the feme plaintiff was twenty-two years of age and married before coming of age, and the male plaintiff twenty-five years of age at the time of trial, and on behalf of the plaintiff that D. P. Lee, executor of Thomas Russell, filed an account 19 December, 1876, in the clerk's office of said county, showing a balance in his hands of $1,310.46, which said sum was thereupon equally distributed among Philip J. Russell, Mary Russell and Charles Stanford, guardian for the children of Martha Stanford, in three equal parts.
Upon the pleadings, admissions and evidence, after argument by counsel, his Honor found, as conclusions of law:
1. That the children of Martha Stanford were entitled, under the will of Thomas Russell to participate per capita and not per stirpes in the distribution of the personal estate of said Thomas Russell.
2. That the child of Martha Stanford, born the day after testator's death, was entitled to share with the other children.
3. That plaintiffs' cause of action was not barred by the statute of limitations, and that the cause of action existed against the defendant.
The defendant excepted. Judgment was, thereupon, rendered for the plaintiffs, and defendant appealed.
The defendant assigned as error:
(677) 1. That his Honor found, from the evidence, that the plaintiffs' cause of action was against the defendant, and not against their guardian, Thomas Stanford.
2. That he found that the plaintiffs' cause of action was not barred by the statute of limitations.
3. That he found that Henry Stanford, the child of Martha Stanford, born after testator's death, was entitled to share in the distribution under the residuary clause of the will.
4. That his Honor found that under the will of said Thos. Russell, the children of Martha Stanford were entitled to take per capita and not perstirpes. *Page 491
The clause in the will of Thomas Russell, pertinent to the questions decided, is set out in the opinion. 1. The direction in the residuary clause that the "surplus shall be equally divided and paid over to Phillip J. Russell, Miss Mary Russell and the children of my niece, Martha, wife of Charles Stanford, in equal portion, share and share alike, to them, and each and every of them, their executors, administrators and assigns absolutely forever," was properly construed as a devise per capita, and not to the children of Martha Stanford per stirpes as a class. The authorities,Bryant v. Scott, 21 N.C. 155; Cheeves v. Bell, 54 N.C. 234; Harrellv. Davenport, 58 N.C. 4; Hill v. Spruill, 39 N.C. 244; Waller v.Forsythe, 62 N.C. 353; Harris v. Philpot, 40 N.C. 329; Lane v. Lane,60 N.C. 630; Ward v. Stow, 17 N.C. 509, and other cases cited by counsel, are in point. There is nothing in the will which takes this case out of the settled rule of construction. The intention of the testator expressed that the surplus should be "equally divided" between the beneficiaries, Philip Russell, Mary Russell and the (678) children of Martha Stanford, and that they shall take "in equal portion, share and share alike, to them and each and every of them," points clearly to a per capita division among them.
2. The child of Martha Stanford, born the day after the testator's death, is entitled to share with the other children. Barringer v. Cowan,55 N.C. 436.
3. If the guardian received for his wards a less sum than they were entitled to receive, it is true they can sue the guardian and his sureties for his default, but they have their election to sue either the guardian or the executor from whom he insufficiently collected the fund devised to them, or both. Harris v. Harrison, 78 N.C. 202; Luton v. Wilcox, 83 N.C. 21. It has been held that where a receiver, appointed to take charge of a ward's estate, makes a settlement with the guardian and executes a release to him, even under the direction of the court, such settlement and release are not conclusive against the ward. Temple v. Williams, 91 N.C. 82. The settlement made in this case by the defendant with the guardian of the plaintiffs, had no other effect than to put the burden on plaintiffs to prove that the settlement made by defendant with their guardian was not a full payment of the sum due them, and which the guardian should have collected in their behalf.
4. When the defendant filed his final account 19 December, 1876, it closed the trust as between him and the distributees, if suri juris, so *Page 492 that the lapse of ten years certainly would bar an action against him. Code, sec. 158; Wyrick v. Wyrick, 106 N.C. 86. If not, indeed, six years. Code, sec. 154 (2); Vaughan v. Hines, 87 N.C. 445; Andresv. Powell, 97 N.C. 155; Kennedy v. Cromwell, 108 N.C. 1. If the plaintiffs had been without a guardian to represent them, the statute would not have run against them, till one had been appointed, or the disability of non-age had been removed. Brawley v. Brawley, (679) ante, 524. But here, the guardian was appointed in November, 1873, and the defendant has been exposed to an action by him since the account was filed in December, 1876, more than ten years, and the principle applies that a cause of action barred against a trustee, is barred against the cestui que trust also. Welborn v. Finley, 52 N.C. 228;Herndon v. Pratt, 59 N.C. 327; Clayton v. Cagle, 97 N.C. 300;King v. Rhew, 108 N.C. 696. If the trustee, the guardian, was faithless, or negligent, he was liable on his bond to an action by his wards after their arrival at age. If at that time, the defendant had not become protected by the lapse of ten years from filing his final account, the plaintiffs could have brought action against him as well as the guardian, as we have said above. Harris v. Harrison, 78 N.C. 202.
Error.
Cited: Nunnery v. Averitt, 111 N.C. 395; Culp v. Stanford, 112 N.C. 668;Cross v. Craven, 120 N.C. 332; Alexander v. Alexander, ib., 473; Exparte Brogden, 180 N.C. 158; Mitchell v. Parks, ib., 635.