After a verdict of guilty, the defendant's counsel moved in arrest of judgment because the indictment concluded "against the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity." The words "of the State" were omitted, and the offense was one at common law. His Honor granted the motion, and Collins, Solicitor for the State, appealed. *Page 370 The indictment in this case is for obstructing a highway, and concludes "against the statute in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity."
The defendant was found guilty by a jury, and, on motion of his counsel, the judgment was arrested upon the ground, we suppose, that the indictment concluded against the peace and dignity, omitting the words "of the State."
The conclusion, against the peace of the king, has been uniformly held in England to be necessary in all indictments, whether for statutory or common law offenses. And in our Constitution of 1776 it was expressly provided that indictments should conclude against the peace and dignity of the State, but the Constitution of 1868 omits this requirement, and ever since 1811, it has been the evident tending of our Courts, as well as law-makers, to strip criminal actions of the many refinements and useless technicalities with which they have been fettered by the common law, the adherence to which often resulted in the obstruction of justice and the escape of malefactors from merited punishment.
The first step in that direction was the act of 1811, which provided that "every criminal proceeding by indictment, information or impeachment, shall be sufficient in form for all intents and purposes if it express the charge against the defendant in a plain, intelligible and explicit manner; and the same shall not be quashed, nor the judgment (533) thereon stayed, by reason of any informality or refinement, if in the bill or proceeding sufficient matter appears to enable the Court to proceed to judgment"; then the act of 1854, providing that no judgment should be stayed or reversed for the want of the averment of any matter unnecessary to be proved, etc.; then the omission in the Constitution of 1868 of the requirement that indictments should conclude against the peace and dignity of the State, which it is to be supposed was done with a purpose; and next the decisions of this Court, construing those statutes, in which it has evinced a strong leaning to the relaxation of the rigid and technical rules of the common law. For instance, it has been held that indictments with the conclusions "against the act of Assembly," "against the statute," "against the force of the statute," are good. S. v.Tribatt, 32 N.C. 151; S. v. Smith, 63 N.C. 234; S. v. Davis, 80 N.C. 384. See also S. v. Evans, 69 N.C. 40; S. v. Moses, 13 N.C. 452.
It is perfectly manifest that the words in this indictment "against the peace and dignity," mean the peace and dignity of the State. They *Page 371 can not be understood to have any other meaning. The objection is purely technical; and to arrest the judgment on such a ground would be giving full force to the refinement which it was the purpose of the Legislature to cure by the acts of 1811 and 1854.
Reversed.
Cited: S. v. Joyner, post, 539; S. v. Kirkman, 104 N.C. 912; S. v.Barnes, 122 N.C. 1036; S. v. Hester, 122 N.C. 1051; S. v. McBroom,127 N.C. 534; S. v. Leeper, 146 N.C. 659.