Ch. 117, Private Laws of North Carolina, 1925, is entitled "An act to incorporate the Town of Carolina Beach in New Hanover County, State of North Carolina." This act in all its essential provisions is now and has been since 6 March, 1925, in full force and effect. By virtue of these provisions the plaintiff is a municipal corporation, duly created, organized, and existing under the laws of this State. Only the provision in sec. 4 of said act, which is reenacted by ch. 78, Private Laws of North Carolina, 1929, to the effect that "all persons owning property within the corporate limits of the town of Carolina Beach shall constitute the electors of the town of Carolina Beach, and be entitled to vote in any election for the officers of said town," was challenged by the plaintiff inSmith v. Carolina Beach, 206 N.C. 834, 175 S.E. 313. It was held in that case that the said provision is void, but that officers of said town elected in accordance with said provision, and who had duly qualified for the performance of the duties of their respective offices, were at least defacto officers of the town of Carolina Beach, and that for that reason the validity of their official acts could not be successfully challenged by the plaintiff, a resident of said town. In the instant case the defendant Norman L. Mintz, who accepted the office of commissioner of finance of said town, and performed the duties of said office for a term of two years, receiving the salary fixed by statute for the commissioner of finance, will not be heard to challenge the validity of his election and his right to hold said office.
One who has accepted an office to which he has been elected under a statute is not entitled to plead that such statute is unconstitutional in an action against him for official misconduct, or in an action to recover money received by him by virtue of said office, 12 C. J., p. 770, sec. 193, and cases cited in support of the text. Thus it was held by this Court inBoard of Education v. Kenan, 112 N.C. 566, 17 S.E. 485, that a sheriff in an action to compel the payment of money collected by him under a tax levied for school purposes, and in his hands, cannot defend *Page 581 the action by alleging the invalidity of the statute under which the tax was levied and collected.
Sec. 6 of ch. 117, Private Laws of North Carolina, 1925, is as follows:
"The commissioner of finance shall be the purchasing agent of the board of commissioners of the town and all property, supplies and material of every kind whatsoever shall, upon the order of the board of commissioners, he purchased by him, and when so purchased by him the bill therefor shall be submitted to and approved by the board of commissioners before warrants are issued therefor; when such warrants are issued they shall be signed by the said commissioner and countersigned by some other person designated by the board of commissioners; he shall be collector of all taxes; he shall collect all water rents; he shall issue licenses or permits as provided by law, ordinance, or resolution adopted by the board of commissioners, or, in the absence or inability of any commissioner to act, he shall exercise temporary supervision over the department assigned to said commissioner; subject, however, to the power of the board of commissioners to substitute some one else temporarily to perform any of such duties; he shall have control of all employees not by law, ordinance, or resolution of the board of commissioners apportioned or assigned to some other department; he shall have charge of and supervision over all accounts and records of the town, and accounts of all officers, agents, and departments required by law or by the board of commissioners to be kept or made; he shall regularly, at least once in three (3) months, inspect or superintend inspection of all record or accounts required to be kept in any of the offices or departments of the city, and shall cause proper accounts and records to be kept, and proper reports to be made, and shall, acting for the board of commissioners, audit or cause to be audited by an expert accountant, if he deem it necessary, annually, the accounts of every officer or employee who does or may receive or disburse money, and he shall publish or cause to be published annually statements showing the financial condition of the town; he shall examine or cause to be examined all accounts, pay rolls and claims before they are acted on or allowed, unless otherwise provided by law or by order of the board of commissioners; he shall collect all license fees, franchise taxes, rentals, and other moneys which may be due or become due to the town; he shall report the failure on the part of any person, firm, or corporation to pay money due the town; he shall report to the board of commissioners any failure on the part of any person, firm, or corporation to make such reports as are required by law, ordinance, or order of the board of commissioners to be made, and shall make such recommendations with reference thereto as he may deem proper. The assessor, auditor, town clerk, town attorney, and their respective officers of departments, and *Page 582 all employees therein, and all bookkeepers and accountants are apportioned and assigned to the department of finance, and shall be under the direction and supervision of the commissioner hereof. He shall do and perform any and all services ordered by the board not herein expressly conferred upon some other department."
The duties of the commissioner of public works and of the commissioner of public safety are specifically set out in secs. 7 and 8 of the act.
Sec. 13 of the act is as follows:
"Sec. 13. Salaries. The mayor and commissioners shall have offices at the town hall. The compensation of the mayor and commissioners shall be as follows: Mayor and commissioner of public safety, twenty-five ($25.00) dollars per annum. Commissioner of public works and commissioner of finance, twenty-five ($25.00) dollars each per annum. Salaries shall be paid in equal monthly installments."
It is manifest that, by virtue of the provisions of sec. 13 of the act by which the plaintiff was created a municipal corporation, no sum in excess of twenty-five dollars per annum can be lawfully paid by the town of Carolina Beach to the commissioner of finance of said town as a salary for the performance by him of his duties as prescribed by sec. 6 of the act. Any sum so paid by the town or so received by a person holding the office of commissioner of finance of said town can be recovered of such person, and the surety on his official bond, by the town of Carolina Beach by an action begun and prosecuted for that purpose in a court of competent jurisdiction. See Comrs. of Brunswick v. Walker, 203 N.C. 505,166 S.E. 385.
In the instant case the defendants contend that the sum of $807.75 was paid by the plaintiff to the defendant Norman L. Mintz for services rendered by him to the town of Carolina Beach and for expenses incurred by him in its behalf while acting as clerk of said town, pursuant to his election to that office by the board of commissioners of said town, and that for this reason said sum was lawfully paid by the plaintiff to the said defendant. This contention cannot be sustained.
Conceding that there was evidence at the trial of this action tending to show that the board of commissioners of the town of Carolina Beach elected Norman L. Mintz clerk of said town during his term of office as commissioner of finance of said town, and contracted to pay him for his services as such clerk, we must hold that such election and such contract were void as against public policy. See Snipes v. Winston, 126 N.C. 374,35 S.E. 610. In that case it was held by this Court that the election by a board of aldermen of one of its members as "street boss" at a fixed salary was void as against public policy, and that plaintiff could not recover of the city on said contract for services rendered by him pursuant to such election. *Page 583
The principle which supports the instructions by the court to the jury at the trial of this action is stated by Clark, C. J., in Davidson v.Guilford, 152 N.C. 436, 67 S.E. 918, as follows:
"Independently of any statute or precedent, upon the general principles of law and morality, a member of an official board cannot contract with the body of which he is a member. To permit it would open the door wide to fraud and corruption. The other members of the board in allowing compensation thus to one of its members would be aware that each of them in time might receive contracts and good compensation and thus public office, instead of being a public trust, would become, in the language of the day, `a private snap.'"
The defendant Norman L. Mintz has no right to retain any sum paid to him by the plaintiff during his term of office as commissioner of finance of the town of Carolina Beach in excess of his lawful salary, nor has he any right to recover of the plaintiff any sum for services by him while acting as clerk of said town upon the principle of quantum meruit. See Borden v.Goldsboro, 173 N.C. 661, 92 S.E. 694.
There was no error in the trial of this action. The judgment is affirmed.
No error.