The plaintiff declared:
1. For wrongfully and improperly suing out a writ against the plaintiff to recover a penalty due by statute not then in existence.
2. For wrongfully and improperly setting the law in motion against the plaintiff, whereby the said plaintiff was held in duress, and for damages consequent thereon.
It appeared that on 4 January, 1856, the defendants Wooten and Massey sued out a writ against the plaintiff and one Randolph, in a plea of debt of $2,000 penalty, under the act of Assembly passed in 1791, for using a faro bank, to their damage $50.
By virtue of this writ, the sheriff arrested the plaintiff, and in lieu of bail took from him, by consent of defendants Wooten and Massey, the sum of $1,050. The suit for the penalty is still pending.
His Honor being of opinion that, until the determination of that suit, the present action would not lie, the plaintiff submitted to a nonsuit, and appealed. *Page 142 In an action for a malicious arrest, or a malicious prosecution, it is essential that the termination of the previous proceeding should be proved, and that the absence of reasonable and probable cause should be alleged as well as proved. This is conceded by the counsel for the plaintiff, but he contends that the present is not a suit (183) of that kind, but is a special action on the case for an abuse of the process of the law, in which it is not necessary to show the termination of the suit in which the process has been abused. In support of this proposition the counsel has referred to several cases, and, among the rest, to the leading one of Grainer v. Hill, 4 Bing. N.C. 212 (33 E. C. L., 328). In that case the plaintiff declared that he was the master and owner of a vessel which, in September, 1836, he mortgaged to the defendant for the sum of £ 80, with a convenant for repayment in September, 1837, and under a stipulation that, in the meantime, the plaintiff should retain the command of the vessel and prosecute voyages therein for his own profit; that the defendant, in order to compel the plaintiff, through duress, to give up the register of the vessel, without which he could not go to sea before the money lent on mortgage became due, threatened to arrest him for the amount unless he immediately paid it; that upon the plaintiff's refusing to pay it, the defendant, knowing that he could not provide bail, arrested him under acapias, endorsed to levy £ 95 17s. 6d., and kept him imprisoned until, by duress, he was compelled to give up the ship's register, which the defendant then unlawfully detained, whereby he lost the benefit of four voyages from London to Caen. After the plaintiff had proved the facts alleged in his declaration, it was objected that he could not recover because he had not shown that the suit commenced by the defendant had been terminated. Tindall, C. J., said that the answer to this objection was that the action was for an abuse of the process of the law by applying it to extort property from the plaintiff, and not an action for a malicious arrest, or malicious prosecution. The learned judge then draws the distinction between the two kinds of action thus: "In the case of a malicious arrest the sheriff, at least, is instructed to pursue the exigency of the writ; here, the directions given to compel the plaintiff to yield up the register were no part of the duty enjoined by the writ. If the course pursued by the defendant is such that there (184) is no precedent for a similar transaction, the plaintiff's remedy is by an action on the case, applicable to such new and special circumstances; and his complaint being that the process of the law *Page 143 has been abused, to effect an object not within the scope of the process, it is immaterial whether the suit which that process commenced has been determined or not, or whether or not it was founded on reasonable and probable cause." Bosanquet, J., said: "This is not an action for a malicious arrest or prosecution, or for maliciously doing that which the law allows to be done. The process was enforced for an ulterior purpose: to obtain property by duress to which the defendant had no right. The action is not for maliciously putting process in force, but for maliciously abusing the process of the court." Park and Vaughan, JJ., expressed themselves to the same effect.
If it appeared that the present defendant sued out the writ mentioned in the bill of exceptions against the present plaintiff for the purpose of extorting money from him by reason of his arrest, then the case would be within the principle sanctioned by the Court of Common Pleas in the case above referred to of Grainer v. Hill; but such does not seem to have been the fact. There is not the slightest proof that the defendants gave the sheriff any instructions not enjoined by the exigency of the writ which he had in his hands. It is true that after he had arrested the plaintiff he took from him, with the consent of the defendant, a certain sum of money in lieu of bail; but it does not appear that the money was paid over to the defendants or that they were in any manner benefited by it. On the contrary, it is rather to be inferred that the sheriff took the money for the ease of the plaintiff, and, so far as we are informed, has kept it merely as a security for the plaintiff's appearance, instead of bail. We think, therefore, that the present case is plainly distinguishable from that of Grainer v. Hill and the others of the like kind to which the plaintiff's counsel referred, and that it cannot be considered in any other light than that of an action for a malicious arrest or malicious prosecution, in which the termination (185) of the former suit must be shown.
PER CURIAM. Affirmed.
Cited: Johnson v. Finch, 93 N.C. 207; Ely v. Davis, 111 N.C. 26;Lockhart v. Bear, 117 N.C. 304, 307; Wright v. Harris, 160 N.C. 546.Dist.: Sneeden v. Harris, 109 N.C. 357. *Page 144