M. L. Mauney, R. Akin and Black Moore obtained judgments against G. Brandreth before a justice of the peace, and caused transcripts of the same to be docketed in the Superior Court of Cherokee County on 20 and 22 June, 1891. *Page 606
Brandreth appealed to the Superior Court, and A. L. Cooper became surety on his bond to stay execution. To indemnify Cooper against any loss he might suffer by reason of said suretyship, G. Brandreth, on 11 July, 1891, executed to W. N. Cooper a deed in trust upon his dwelling house and lot in Murphy, N.C.
At July (Special) Term, 1893, of the Superior Court, Mauney, Akin and Black Moore each obtained judgment against Brandreth and A. L. Cooper on the appeals, and said judgments were forthwith docketed on the judgment docket.
At Spring Term, 1892, of the Superior Court of Cherokee County, W. W. Dysart recovered judgment against G. Brandreth and one J. S. Meroney, and the same was docketed on the judgment docket.
On 8 September, 1893, Brandreth's homestead was allotted to him in the dwelling house and lot in the town of Murphy that had been conveyed to W. N. Cooper, trustee, to indemnify A. L. Cooper, his surety on the bonds, to stay execution on appeal.
(970) After Fall Term, 1894, of Cherokee Superior Court execution was issued upon the Dysart judgment and upon the judgments recovered in the Superior Court, on appeal, against G. Brandreth and A. L. Cooper, his surety. No execution was ever issued upon the judgments recovered in the justice of the peace's court and docketed on the judgment docket of the Superior Court.
Under said executions the sheriff sold the excess of Brandreth's real property over the homestead, amounting to $1,950, and threatened to apply the proceeds to the payment, first, of the Dysart judgment, and the excess, so far as it would go, to the Akin, Mauney and Black Moore judgments. It was admitted that there would not be a sufficiency to meet said judgments, and that A. L. Cooper would have to pay the balance, as Brandreth was insolvent, and would then have the right to have the deed in trust upon Brandreth's homestead foreclosed.
Brandreth filed an affidavit setting forth these facts and praying that the sheriff be required to apply the proceeds of the sale of the excess of his real property, first, to the payment of the executions in his hands on the Mauney, Akin and Black Moore judgments, in order to exonerate his homestead from the deed in trust executed to indemnify his surety, A. L. Cooper, and that any excess be applied to the payment of the Dysart judgment.
The plaintiffs Mauney, Akin and Black Moore filled no answer to the affidavit.
W. W. Dysart, through his attorney, J. W. Cooper, Esq., filed an answer.
Upon a full argument in behalf of Brandreth and Dysart, the *Page 607 court rendered judgment directing the sheriff to apply the proceeds of the sale to the judgments of Mauney, Akin and Black Moore, according to their priority, and the balance, if any, to (971) the payment of the W. W. Dysart judgment. Plaintiff Dysart excepted and appealed. Preliminary to the main question presented by the case is the motion of defendant to strike from the record what purports to be the return of Sheriff Davidson, dated 22 May, 1895. This motion must be allowed. The sale took place on 22 May, the day the return bears date, the time when it should have been made. But several witnesses testified to the fact that it was not made on that day, but some weeks afterwards. It is a matter of common knowledge that public officers, in the press of business, as this was during court week (22 May), do not make their returns at once, but do so as soon thereafter as it is convenient, and date them back to agree with the date of sale or transaction; and while it is best to make these returns at the time of the transaction, it is almost impossible always to do so. In this return, as appears of record, the sheriff states that he had paid J. W. Cooper, as attorney, $960 on the Dysart execution; and as J. W. Cooper was acting as attorney for Dysart, and Sheriff Davidson, in his affidavit, made on 28 May, 1895 (in reply to a rule upon them), says that the sheriff had then paid on the Dysart execution $960, we would be disposed to let the return stand, upon the idea that the money was paid on the day of the sale, or at least before 28 May, and the return made afterwards was dated to fit the facts. But the defendant Brandreth files the affidavit of Sheriff Davidson, dated 4 December, 1895, in which he says that he has not paid out his money on the Dysart claim; that after being served with the order of the judge, he held the money, to be applied as the (972) court might direct.
So this affidavit knocks up the theory by which we would have been disposed to reconcile the making the return some weeks after court with the affidavit of J. W. Cooper. It may be that neither Cooper's affidavit nor Sheriff Davidson's affidavit is true, but it is certain that both cannot be true, One of the affiants is an important public officer, whose official acts imply verity, and the other affiant is a member of the bar, where honor and integrity are usually held in the highest appreciation. It is stated in the affidavits that this money had been receipted for by Cooper. He was the attorney of Dysart and *Page 608 of Davidson in this matter, and, it would seem, must have been cognizant of the facts. This return will be stricken from the files of the court, so far as it purports to apply the money.
Having disposed of this preliminary motion, we now proceed to consider the case on appeal, with the sheriff's return, so far as it professes to apply the money eliminated from the record, treating the case as if the money was now in the hands of the sheriff.
On 20 June, 1891, M. L. Mauney recovered three judgments against the defendant Brandreth before a justice of the peace, amounting to something less than four hundred dollars, which were docketed in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court the same day (20th). On 20 June, R. A. Akin recovered three judgments against the defendant Brandreth before a justice of the peace for something over three hundred dollars, and these judgments were duly docketed in said office on 22 June, 1891. On 20 June, 1891, Black Moore recovered a judgment against defendant Brandreth before a justice of the peace for $181.28 and costs, which was duly docketed in said office on 22 June, 1891. The defendant Brandreth appealed to the Superior (973) Court in all of these cases and, in order to stay execution during the pendency of the appeal, entered into bond to that effect, with A. L. Cooper as his surety. At July (Special) Term, 1893, of Cherokee Superior Court these cases were tried on the appeals, the three cases of Mauney being consolidated by order of court and tried as one case, and the three cases of Akin being also consolidated by order of court and tried as one case; and the plaintiffs each recovered judgment for the amounts recovered before the justice of the peace, and interests and costs, except the plaintiffs Black Moore, whose judgment, it is alleged by respondents, was a little more than they recovered below, which seems to be the accrued interest and costs. These last-named judgments were also docketed in the clerk's office, as the law provides and requires. But at Spring Term, 1892, of said court, W. W. Dysart recovered a judgment against the defendant Brandreth for $1,219.91 and costs, which was duly docketed. It also appears that there were a number of other judgments taken against the defendant Brandreth and duly docketed in the clerk's office, and the sheriff returns that at the time of the sale, on 22 May, 1895, he had in his hands executions against the defendant Brandreth in favor of W. W. Dysart, R. A. Akin, M. L. Mauney, Black Moore, Farmer Farmer, Thomas Odell, and the State against defendant Brandreth. The executions in favor of R. A. Akin, W. L. Mauney and Black Moore were issued on the judgments recovered at July (Special) Term, 1893; that no executions were ever issued on the justice's judgments of June, 1891, and docketed as above stated, and that he had no *Page 609 execution in his hands, at the time of sale, issued upon these judgments.
A justice's judgment, when duly docketed in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court, becomes a judgment of the Superior Court, to all intents and purposes. (Cannon v. Parker, (974)81 N.C. 320; Adams v. Guy, 106 N.C. 275), and it becomes a lien on all the real estate of the defendant in the county where it is docketed, which continues for ten years from the date of docketing.Cannon v. Parker, supra; Murchison v. Williams, 71 N.C. 135.
The fact that defendant appealed from the judgment of the justice of the peace and gave security to stay execution did not deprive the plaintiff of the right to have the judgment docketed, nor did it take away the lien of the judgment. This is created by law upon the docketing of the judgment. This being so, the judgment of Mauney, having been docketed on 20 June, 1891, was the oldest lien, and the judgments of Akin and Black Moore, both having been docketed on 22 June, 1891, were next and equal in priority, having been docketed on the same day. But as there was no execution issued and in the hands of the sheriff at the time of the sale, he could not sell under these judgments, nor can he apply any part of the proceeds of the sale to the satisfaction of these judgments. Titman v. Rhyne, 89 N.C. 64;Motz v. Stowe, 83 N.C. 434; Burton v. Spiers, 92 N.C. 503. Where a sheriff makes a sale of land under execution, the law applies the money first to the satisfaction of the execution issuing on the oldest judgment lien in his hands at the time of the sale. Motz v. Stowe,supra; Henry v. Rich, 64 N.C. 379, and cases cited in the brief of Phillips Merrimon; and if he fails to so appropriate it, as the law applies it, he commits a breach of his trust for which he and his sureties are liable. Henry v. Rich and Motz v. Stowe, supra; Titman v.Rhyne, 98 N.C. 64. He need not have advertised under a judgment if he has given the requisite notice under other executions in his hands. It is sufficient that he had the execution in his (975) hands at the time of sale. This he must have to entitle the judgment to any portion of the proceeds of the sale. Motz v. Stowe,supra, and authorities there cited. If he has execution in his hands issuing from any proper judgment, it authorizes him to sell; and if the execution issues upon the judgment having the oldest lien, the purchaser takes the land discharged of any subsequent judgment lien; and if there is a surplus left in his hands after satisfying the execution issuing on the judgment having the oldest lien, then he should apply it to the oldest lien, where he has the execution in his hands at the date of sale, and so on. Sharpe v. Williams, 76 N.C. 87. But where he sells under a junior judgment, or junior judgments, having no *Page 610 execution in his hands issuing on the older judgments, as in this case, the purchaser takes the title of the defendant in the execution, subject to the liens of the older judgments. Cannon v. Parker, supra.
So we see that the sheriff must apply the money raised from the sale of defendant's land on 22 May, 1895, to the payment or satisfaction of the executions in his hands at the time of sale, according to their priority. The purchaser at said sale takes the title of defendant Brandreth, subject to the payment of the judgments of Akin, Mauney and Black Moore, taken before the justice of the peace and docketed in June, 1891. If said purchasers voluntarily satisfy these judgments (as we suppose there are no others older than these) they will then have a clear title; or if these older judgments can be satisfied out of other property of the defendant (as counsel for Dysart suggests that he has other property subject to sale and not sold) then the purchasers will have a clear title; but if neither of these things is done, it (976) will be the duty of the plaintiffs in these older judgments to cause execution to issue thereon and have this property (sold on 22 May, 1895) resold, at which sale the purchaser will get the title against the defendant and the purchasers at the sale in May, 1895. This must be before the defendant's homestead can be sold under the deed of trust to secure A. L. Cooper, as defendant's surety on the appeals.
It is contended by counsel for Dysart that the justice's judgments, so docketed, are dormant, no executions having issued on them; but this is not the case, as executions on these judgments were stayed, pending the appeal, and this prevents the statute from running. Adams v. Guy, supra.
Error.
Cited: Darden v. Blount, 126 N.C. 250; Dunham v. Anders, 128 N.C. 212;Jones v. Williams, 155 N.C. 194. *Page 611