State Ex Rel. Robeson County v. McAlpin

The case is stated in the opinion delivered in this Court. *Page 252 This was an action of debt upon a sheriff's bond. On the trial below several objections were raised to the plaintiff's recovery. But a single one has been sent to us, and so much of the case agreed will be stated as is necessary to present it. In 1831 the Legislature, by a private act, authorized the county court of Robeson, with others, to abolish the office of county trustee and, in such case, devolving upon the sheriff of such county all the duties of such office. Under this act the bond was given on which this action is brought. After the institution of this suit an action was brought on the same bond, at the relation of one Davies, who was chairman of the board of commissioners for common schools in the county of Robeson, against the present defendants, and a recovery made to the amount of the money in the hands of the defendant McAlpin due to that fund, which did not exhaust the penalty of the bond. The judgment in that case was pleaded by the defendants in this as a plea since the last continuance. The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, and his Honor being of opinion he could not recover, it was set aside and a nonsuit entered. In this opinion we do not concur. His Honor decided that the former judgment was a bar because, taking this to be an official bond, there was no provision by statute applicable to it authorizing a second to be brought. We do not agree with his Honor. We do not consider the judgment recovered by Davies a bar to this action, even if it had been obtained prior to its institution and duly pleaded. In assigning his reason, his Honor says: "The act in relation to official bonds contains a general provision for the institution of suits, by (349) the persons injured, in the name of the State, without any assignment thereon. Rev. Stat., ch. 81, sec. 1. But there is no general provision authorizing a second action. This provision is made specially in the several acts relating to the bonds of constables, county trustees, and the bonds of sheriffs for execution of process, collection of money, etc.; but the act relating to bonds of sheriffs for the collection of county taxes contains no such provision (ch. 28, sec. 3). The private act of '31 contains no such provision in relation to the new sort of bond therein prescribed to be taken."

We are not certain we entirely understand his Honor. The act of 1777, Rev. Stat., ch. 109, sec. 13, in prescribing the form of the bond to be given by the sheriff for the faithful discharge of his duties in office, which is the one referred to in the opinion as given for the execution of process, collection of moneys, etc., contains the provision, "that no such bond shall become void upon the first recovery, but may be put in suit and prosecuted from time to time," etc. Now, this provision in haec *Page 253 verba is contained in none of the other acts. But yet they contain words which, in our opinion, are equivalent. Thus, in the act in relation to official bonds the words are: "Any person or persons injured may institute a suit or suits," etc. So that of 1818, Rev. Stat., ch. 24, sec. 7, directing the bonds constables shall give, authorizes suits to be brought and remedy to be had, and "under the same rules, regulations, and restrictions as suits may be brought and remedies had upon the official bonds of sheriffs," etc. A similar provision is made as respects the bonds of county trustees, Rev. Stat., ch. 29, sec. 3. It declares a suit may be brought on said bonds and recoveries had under precisely the same circumstances as constables' bonds. The language is the same. We hold, then, that under these various acts a second suit may be brought on the official bonds of these various officers, although the language is not the same as in the bonds of the sheriff, for the faithful discharge of his official duties. And this appears to be the opinion of his Honor who tried the cause. But the opinion proceeds that there (350) is no such provision in the act relating to the sheriff's bond for the collection of the county and poor tax, nor in the private act of 1831 under which the bond now sued for was taken. Upon examination it will be found that the same principle is held in view by the Legislature in each of these acts. Section 3 of the act of '98, Rev. Stat., ch. 28, sec. 3, to which his Honor refers, contains no such provision. Section 23, however, authorizes the several county courts to appoint a finance committee for their respective counties, and section 30 empowers the committee "to institute suit for the recovery of all moneys due the county from any person liable to account for them — which said suit or suits shall be brought," etc. It may be said this provision throws no light on the subject, as different persons might be indebted to the county. This is true; different persons may be so indebted, but the same officers might be indebted to the county for different sums of money, as applicable and appropriated to the different funds — as in the case of the county trustee. The words, we think, are sufficiently comprehensive to embrace the latter case as well as the former. The private act is, however, very explicit, and leaves no doubt, we think, on the question. This act authorizes the several county courts in the State to abolish the offices of county trustee and treasurer of public buildings, and in that case devolves upon the sheriff all their duties and responsibilities as to the collection of moneys and their disbursement. After prescribing the conditions of the bond so to be given under that act by the sheriff, it provides in section 3, "that where it is found necessary to bring suits in the name of the county trustee or treasurer of public buildings, such suit or suits may be brought," etc. We think this clause sufficiently plain. The sheriff retains in his hands all the funds which formerly he was required *Page 254 (351) to pay over to the county trustee, and he holds them to be disbursed as that officer did. Their funds are raised for separate and distinct purposes, and are in fact the products of different taxes laid by the county court, and to be paid out by the sheriff to different and distinct persons, according to the order of the court. This the lawmakers knew, and have, therefore, adopted, in the section we are commenting on, a phraseology which recognizes the bringing of more than one action on the bond of different persons, and the existence of such actions at the same time. If in an action brought by any one authorized to sue, the penalty of the bond is exhausted, and another action should then be brought upon it, the first judgment might be pleaded in bar, setting forth the facts. If pleaded since the last continuance, it can only act as a bar to the further prosecution of the suit. We think, therefore, his Honor erred in holding that the judgment of Davies was a bar to the plaintiff's action. On the contrary, we are of opinion that under our statutes a second action, such as this, may be brought on a sheriff's bond for money which he holds as county trustee, by any person who is injured thereby, toties quoties, until the penalty is exhausted. But we are also of opinion that the parties aggrieved may avail themselves of the provisions of the statute of William, and recover what is due them by sci. fa. on the first judgment, setting forth other breaches. They have an option which course to pursue.

This is a case agreed, and we should not hesitate, under the view we have taken of it, to render judgment for the plaintiff; but this we cannot do without great injustice to the defendant. According to the record, the jury found a verdict for the plaintiffs, and assessed their damages for the breach assigned to $1,000. The case then states that the balance due from the defendant McAlpin, in September, 1841, as ascertained by a settlement between him and the relators in this action was $693. It then further shows that after allowing the defendants the amount of the (352) Davies judgment, which he had paid, and also other payments, that the balance was $200. We regret the judgment was not so taken as to enable this Court now to act finally in the matter. As it is, the judgment is reversed.

PER CURIAM. Venire de novo.