[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *Page 215 Plaintiff-appellant Darlene Banfield, as representative of the estate of her late husband, Dr. Harlow Banfield, appeals from the decision of the Columbiana Common Pleas Court granting summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, Dr. Kenneth Turner, accountant William Miller, and the accounting firm of Crable, Miller Visnic, Inc. (Crable). For the reasons set forth below, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and remanded.
The within appeal arises out of the following facts: Since 1977, Dr. Banfield and Dr. Turner were equal shareholders in Anesthesiology Associates of East Liverpool, Ohio, Inc. (AAELO). Dr. Banfield retired from AAELO in October 1988 and died in February 1989, leaving Ms. Banfield as his beneficiary.
At the end of 1989, Mr. Miller assisted in the liquidation and distribution of AAELO's assets. Corporate documents state that Ms. Banfield attended a meeting *Page 216 and voted to cancel the corporate charter and to liquidate the corporation. However, she claims that she never attended such meeting.
Besides AAELO, Dr. Turner also had an ownership interest in East Liverpool Anesthesiologist Group (ELAG). Appellant submitted to the court approximately fifteen AAELO checks issued to ELAG after Dr. Banfield's retirement and subsequent death. Because Dr. Turner was AAELO's principal operating officer after Dr. Banfield's retirement, the checks were signed only by Dr. Turner.
Appellant alleged that Dr. Turner's transfer of assets to ELAG was improper and asked for an accounting. Mr. Miller and Crable submitted a daily record of receipts which detailed the amounts that AAELO owed and paid to ELAG for services performed.
Hill, Barth King audited AAELO and stated that the total of the checks paid to ELAG after Dr. Banfield's retirement was $44,021.84, with $33,466.37 accounted for as services rendered, leaving $10,555.47 in questionable payments. Appellant also relies on this audit for the proposition that $40,405.38 is still owed to them from the liquidation of AAELO. The affidavit of David Snyder, an accountant with Packer, Thomas Co., concurs with the conclusion of the Hill, Barth King report.
A further point of contention in appellants' brief regards AAELO's two pension plans. We will not address this issue for at least two reasons: (1) the complaint made no allegation regarding the pension plans; and (2) the claim with regards to the pension plans is barred by the doctrine of res judicata because it was previously decided against appellant in federal court in proceedings identified as Banfield v. Turner (May 12, 1994), N.D. Ohio No. 4:2CV2566, unreported, affirmed (Sep. 12, 1995), 6th Cir. Nos. 94-3663, 94-3864, unreported.
Appellant assigns three errors for appellate review. For clarity, we will address these assignments out of order. Appellant's second assignment of error alleges:
"The trial court abused its discretion in denying Plaintiffs' Motion for Discovery pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F)."
The trial court has broad discretion in regulating the discovery process. State ex rel. Grandview Hosp. and Med. Ctr.v. Gorman (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 94, 98. See, also, Civ.R. 26, Staff Note, which proclaims that trial courts have inherent power to control discovery. Determinations during the course of discovery will not be reversed in the absence of an abuse of discretion which prejudicially affects substantial rights of the parties. State ex rel. Daggett v. Gessamen (1973), *Page 217 34 Ohio St.2d 55, 58.
Civ.R. 56(F) provides that:
"Should it appear from the affidavits of a party opposing the motion for summary judgment that he cannot for sufficient reasons stated present by affidavit facts essential to justify his opposition, the court may refuse the application for judgment or may order a continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or discovery to be had or may make such other order as is just."
Appellant contends that newly retained counsel had insufficient time to thoroughly review the case. Appellant cites Tucker v. Webb Corp. (1983), 4 Ohio St.3d 121, where the court ruled that it was an error for the trial court to grant summary judgment without granting plaintiff additional discovery time where there was a "dearth of evidence". Id. at 123.
Appellant also cites Whiteleather v. Yosowitz (1983), 10 Ohio App.3d 272, which reversed the summary judgment and remanded with instructions to allow appellant's new counsel time to conduct further discovery. Whiteleather suggested that the trial court should exercise its discretion liberally and grant additional discovery time to a nonmovant who proposes a "reasonable interval" to search for rebuttal evidence Id. at 276. Appellant claims that the "Rule 56(F) motion requested a short period to conduct the necessary discovery and to properly respond to defendants' summary judgment motion. However, the court denied plaintiffs' motion. . . ."
Two portions of this statement are disputable. First, appellant's April 19, 1996 motion for a Civ.R. 56(F) extension did not propose a "reasonable interval" but instead demanded an indefinite extension of discovery. Second, the court did not deny appellant's motion. The court merely limited the extension of discovery to what it considered a reasonable time period. Accordingly, the trial court granted appellants' Rule 56(F) motion when it permitted an additional three weeks to complete discovery.
The three week extension expired without any discovery activity by appellant. On May 16, 1996, appellant filed a motion to allow additional discovery, the denial of which resulted in the following assignment of error:
"The trial court abused its discretion in denying Plaintiffs' Motion to Allow Additional Discovery." *Page 218
Appellant's motion to allow additional discovery was filed simultaneously with its memorandum opposing summary judgment. Appellant's motion specifically stated:
"At this time counsel does not seek additional time toprepare Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant's Motion forSummary Judgment. Counsel does need adequate time to prepare for trial and to complete discovery." (Emphasis added).
Since appellant's case never went to trial and appellant's motion for additional discovery did not pertain to the granting of summary judgment, the denial of appellant's request for additional discovery before trial is not a final appealable order. "[D]iscovery orders are interlocutory and, as such, are neither final nor appealable." State ex rel. Steckman v.Jackson (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 420, 438. Moreover, as the above-quoted passage from appellant's motion for additional discovery makes clear, appellant did not want the extended discovery period in order to supplement its memorandum in opposition to summary judgment. Accordingly, if the court had granted the discovery extension, it would have been irrelevant because the court ended the litigation by granting summary judgment. As a result, this assignment of error is without merit.
Appellants' first assignment of error provides:
"The trial court erred in granting Defendants' Motions for Summary Judgment."
An appellate court must review the granting of summary judgment de novo, utilizing the same standard that is applied by the trial court. Allied Erecting and Dismantling, Inc., v.Uneco Realty Co. (Dec. 4, 1996), Mahoning App. No. 94-CA-170, unreported. The applicable standard has recently been clarified in Dresher v. Burt (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 280.
In seeking summary judgment, the movant has the initial burden of proving that there exist no genuine issues of material fact concerning elements essential to the nonmovant's case. Id. at 292. The movant must specifically address what evidentiary material demonstrates that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. The relevant evidentiary materials are listed in Civ.R. 56(C) and include items such as pleadings, answers to interrogatories, depositions, and affidavits.
Summary judgment must be denied if the movant fails to satisfy its initial burden.
"However, if the moving party has satisfied its initial burden, the nonmoving party then has a reciprocal burden outlined in Civ.R. 56(E) to set forth *Page 219 specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial and, if the nonmovant does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered against the nonmoving party." Id. at 293.
Summary judgment shall not be granted unless it appears from the evidence that the only conclusion that reasonable minds could arrive at is adverse to the nonmovant. Civ.R. 56(C). If the factual allegations in these evidentiary materials are in conflict, then a genuine issue of material fact exists and summary judgment shall not be granted. See, e.g., Murray v.Murray (1993), 89 Ohio App.3d 141, 145; Aglinsky v. ClevelandBuilder's Supply Co. (1990), 68 Ohio App.3d 810, 815.
The issue is whether reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, that conclusion being adverse to appellants. Because of the conflicting financial information contained in affidavits attached to appellant's opposition to summary judgment, it appears as though reasonable minds could conclude that appellant is entitled to money in excess of that which appellees distributed. Courts must use a summary judgment short-cut with caution. Murphy v. Reynoldsburg (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 356,359.
Under a Dresher analysis, we must determine whether appellees met their initial burden of identifying the portions of the record which show that no genuine issues of material fact exist. Appellees pointed the court to depositions that are favorable to them. Mr. Miller submitted an affidavit that swore that he properly distributed AAELO's assets.
Nonetheless, relevant factual allegations are in conflict, and summary judgment should not have been granted. The affidavits submitted by appellant demonstrate that there exists genuine issues of material fact regarding the following questions: What accounts for the $10,555.47 discrepancy in what ELAG received from AAELO versus what AAELO's records state that it owed ELAG? Why was $475.00 worth of AAELO's furniture used by ELAG without compensation to AAELO? Were all of the dealings between AAELO and Dr. Turner's company, ELAG, legitimate? These are the types of questions that need answered upon remand.
Other questions which appellant desires to have answered are: Why did Dr. Turner pay no interest on a $10,000 loan that was outstanding since 1977? What accounts for the allegations in an actuary's affidavit that Dr. Turner's loans were undervalued by $3,875? However, these allegations are not contained in appellant's complaint. Because this case was on the trial court's docket for so long without any attempt to amend the complaint even though appellant was presumably aware of the possibility of these allegations, it is doubtful that the trial court will allow appellant to amend the complaint upon remand. *Page 220
Crable and Mr. Miller, cite Bloom v. Dieckmann (1983),11 Ohio App.3d 202, for the proposition that summary judgment was proper because this is a professional negligence case and the plaintiff failed to present the required expert testimony opining about such negligence. However, Bloom was a legal malpractice case. Appellees unsuccessfully seek to extend theBloom decision to all cases of professional negligence.
The Supreme Court has held that accountants are not traditionally considered professionals subject to malpractice claims as are doctors and lawyers. Investors REIT One v. Jacobs (1989), 46 Ohio St.3d 176, 180. As a result, the four year statute of limitations for general negligence claims is applicable to professional negligence of an accountant while the one year malpractice statute of limitations is not. Id.
Furthermore, the Snyder affidavit and the Hill, Barth King report which the Snyder affidavit relies upon can be construed as being expert testimony that elicits material questions which need answered, by way of an accounting, before a definitive opinion can be rendered on appellees' alleged breach of fiduciary duty due to professional negligence. As a result of summary judgment being granted, appellant was denied the right to an accounting.
Appellant states that the existence of a fiduciary relationship between parties is grounds for an action by one party to compel an accounting by the other party, citing 1 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1977), Accounts and Accounting, Section 40. In Baccelieri v. Heath (1953), 158 Ohio St. 481, the Court adopted the idea that "[i]f plaintiff has a cause of action and the court has jurisdiction, and it is necessary to have an accounting to determine his rights, it will be done". Id. at 487. As we held above, there are serious monetary issues which need to be resolved upon remand. Without an accounting, appellant's rights with regards to the many fiscal questions will be indeterminable. Accordingly, an accounting is warranted.
For the preceding reasons, appellants' first assignment of error has merit and the judgment of the trial court is reversed and remanded.
DONOFRIO, P.J. and WAITE, J., concurs. *Page 221