Earl Darling and Mary Darling, the appellants in the above described proceeding, who have appealed the decision of the Common Pleas Court (conservancy division) rendered December 5, 1938, file this their assignment of errors, as follows:
1. The court completely ignored the provisions of Section 8305, General Code, as to when judgments draw interest.
2. The decision as rendered does not grant to defendants their rights as defined by Article I, Section 19, of the Constitution of Ohio, and the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
On February 26, 1936, there was filed in the office of the Clerk of Courts of Tuscarawas county, Ohio, the conservancy appraisal record of Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District in accordance with Section 6828-30, General Code. Included among the properties listed in the appraisal record as necessary to be acquired by the conservancy district in carrying out its official plan was certain property of the appellants, *Page 536 Earl and Mary M. Darling, located in Knox county, Ohio, and appraised at $6,416.
On March 23, 1936, the appellants filed exceptions to the appraisal of their property in the appraisal record, which exceptions were filed in accordance with the provisions of Section 6828-32, General Code.
On November 21, 1936, the Conservancy Court, composed of one Common Pleas Judge from each county in the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, overruled the exceptions of the appellants and confirmed the appraisal record, including the aforesaid appraisal of the appellants' property.
Thereafter, on December 1, 1936, the appellants filed in case No. 21669 in the Common Pleas Court of Tuscarawas county, and being the proceedings in which the appraisal record was filed, their written notice making demand for a jury trial and appeal bond in the sum of $100 in accordance with the provisions of Section 6828-34, General Code.
On January 5, 1937, the Conservancy Court, in accordance with the provisions of Section 6828-34, General Code, entered an order requiring the directors of Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District to begin condemnation proceedings according to law in the county where the lands of the appellants were situated, in which the amount of compensation to be given them for their property would be determined by a jury.
In accordance with the order of the Conservancy Court of January 5, 1937, the directors of Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, on March 6, 1937, filed in the Common Pleas Court of Knox county their petition against the appellants herein for the appropriation of their property as described in the appraisal record.
Trial was had in the Common Pleas Court of Knox county and on April 5, 1937, the jury returned a verdict in the sum of $12,500, as compensation for the land to be appropriated for the conservancy district. *Page 537
On May 24, 1937, the Common Pleas Court of Knox county entered a judgment confirming the verdict of the jury.
From the judgment of the Common Pleas Court of Knox county confirming such verdict, the conservancy district appealed to this court as the Court of Appeals of Knox county. On November 20, 1937, this court, as the Court of Appeals of Knox county, affirmed the judgment of the Common Pleas Court of Knox county.
Thereafter, the conservancy district filed in the Supreme Court of Ohio its motion to certify the record of the case, which motion was overruled by the Supreme Court by entry filed January 26, 1938.
Thereafter, on May 9, 1938, the Clerk of Common Pleas Court of Knox county certified to the Clerk of Common Pleas Court of Tuscarawas county a copy of the entry of May 24, 1937, confirming the verdict of the jury in the case in Knox county, and also copies of the final entries in the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. These certified copies reached the Clerk of Courts of Tuscarawas county on May 10, 1938, and were duly filed that day, all of which was done in accordance with the provisions of Section 6828-36, General Code.
Thereafter, the Clerk of Common Pleas Court of Tuscarawas county, in further compliance with the terms of Section 6828-36, General Code, on June 7, 1938, certified to the secretary of the conservancy district a copy of the entry of the Common Pleas Court of Knox county confirming the verdict of the jury.
One month later, on July 7, 1938, the directors of Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District paid to the Clerk of Courts of Tuscarawas county, as clerk of the Conservancy Court, the sum of $12,500 in payment of the verdict, and the further sum of $430, being the amount of the court costs incurred in connection with the case.
On the same day, the directors of the conservancy *Page 538 district filed with the Conservancy Court their application for confirmation of title and an order admitting the conservancy district into possession of the real estate involved.
When this application came on for hearing to the three-judge committee of the Conservancy Court, having jurisdiction thereof under Section 6828-5, General Code, the appellants, Earl and Mary M. Darling, through their counsel, objected to the entry of an order confirming the district's title and right to possession for the reason that the directors of the district had paid into court only the original amount of the verdict and they contended that before the order confirming title and granting right to possession was entered, the district should be required to also pay into court interest at six per cent on the verdict of $12,500 from the date the same was confirmed by the Common Pleas Court of Knox county, to wit, May 24, 1937, to the date the sum of $12,500 was paid into the Conservancy Court, to wit, July 7, 1938.
On September 7, 1938, the three-judge committee of the Conservancy Court, by and with the consent of the appellants, entered an order confirming the district's title and granting it the right to possession of the property, and reserved for further consideration by the full Conservancy Court the question of whether the landowners were entitled to such interest.
After briefs of both parties had been presented to the court and the matter orally argued, the full Conservancy Court determined the question of interest in favor of the conservancy district and, by entry filed December 3, 1938, ruled that the law did not require the conservancy district to pay interest on the verdict as contended by the appellants. From this last mentioned order of the Conservancy Court, this appeal was taken by the landowners, Earl Darling and Mary M. Darling.
The question, therefore, which is being presented *Page 539 to this court by these proceedings, is whether a verdict rendered by a jury in a case appealed under Section 6828-34, General Code, from the confirmation of the appraisal record by the Conservancy Court bears interest from the date such verdict is confirmed by the local trial court to the time the amount of the verdict is paid into the Conservancy Court in accordance with the provisions of Section 6828-35, General Code.
At the very outset of this case we note that the conservancy district did not have title or possession of the premises during the time between the rendition of the verdict and the payment of the amount of the verdict into the Conservancy Court, and further note that it could not have had such title or possession without violating both the Constitution of the state of Ohio and the Conservancy Act.
Article I, Section 19, of the Constitution of Ohio provides:
"Private property shall ever be held inviolate, but subservient to the public welfare. When taken in time of war or other public exigency, imperatively requiring its immediate seizure or for the purpose of making or repairing roads, which shall be open to the public, without charge, a compensation shall be made to the owner, in money, and in all other cases, where private property shall be taken for public use, a compensation therefor shallfirst be made in money, or first secured by a deposit of money; and such compensation shall be assessed by a jury, without deduction for benefits to any property of the owner." (Italics ours.)
In accordance with such provision of the Constitution to the effect that where private property is taken for public use, compensation must first be made therefor, the Legislature, in drafting the Conservancy Act of Ohio (Sections 6828-1 to 6828-79, inc., General Code), provided in Section 6828-35, General Code, as follows: *Page 540
"No property shall be taken under this chapter untilcompensation has been paid according to law. But where a trial is had by jury, and a verdict has been rendered which has been confirmed by the trial court, the board of directors may pay theamount allowed into court in money with the costs, and thereuponsuch court shall make an order admitting the said district intopossession of the property and confirming its title thereto, although the owner may take steps to take the case to a higher court. And thereupon the board of directors may enter into undisturbed possession of the property and rights involved." (Italics ours.)
The Constitution of Ohio and Section 6828-35, General Code, both provide that before the district can have full title to or possession of property appropriated, it must pay into court the amount awarded by the jury.
The appellants' theory of this case is that the conservancy district had the right to enter and take possession of this property immediately upon the confirmation of the verdict of the jury. We believe this theory to be incorrect. What the district had was a right to pay the amount of the verdict at any time and then, upon the making of such payment, become vested with the right to enter and take possession. The distinguishing feature of all the cases cited in this action depends upon whether the right to enter and take possession vests immediately upon the confirmation of the verdict or whether some additional thing must first be done before that right to enter and take possession accrues. Under the law of Ohio an additional thing must be done. That thing is the payment of the amount of verdict into court.
In the case of the Miami Conservancy District v. Bowers,100 Ohio St. 317, we have the following:
"The action of the board of appraisers, even when confirmed by the court, could not deprive the property owner of the rights guaranteed to him by the Constitution. *Page 541 Indeed, the Conservancy Act throughout all its provisions recognizes such right of the owner, and seems to proceed upon the theory, which is the only correct one, that his property belongs to him with no right in the district to molest it until a determination of its value by a jury and the payment or deposit of the amount of compensation awarded."
In the case of City of Cincinnati v. English, 6 Dec. Rep., 972, 5 W.L.B., 789, it is held in the syllabus:
"Interest is not allowed in condemnation proceedings unless possession be taken."
In that case it was held to be error to allow interest on the damages from the date the condemnation proceedings were commenced, as the owner had in the meantime retained possession.
Another very interesting and controlling case is Ornstein v. C. O. Rd. Co., 26 Ohio Law Abs., 78. At page 85 it is stated:
"Under the provisions of the Ohio Code the condemning corporation does not have the right to take possession of the property until after a jury, duly empaneled, has fixed the value of the property, the court has affirmed the award and the amount has been paid into court."
Paragraph 14 of the syllabus of that case reads:
"The allowance of interest dates from the time the property is taken by the condemning corporation, or under the existing law from the date it has a right to take."
We have examined a long line of authorities outside of Ohio which follows the same theory as that which has been adopted by the Ohio courts.
Attention has also been given to a line of federal authorities, which we deem it unnecessary to quote in this opinion, which hold that interest on compensation payable in condemnation proceedings runs from time the land is taken. We quote from Morton ButlerTimber Co. v. U.S. (6 C.C.A.), 91 F.2d 884. The *Page 542 26th paragraph of the syllabus of that case reads as follows:
"Landowners were not entitled to interest on award for land condemned by federal government from time of filing of condemnation petition, where government did not take actual possession of land at that time or simultaneously file declaration of taking, since landowners are entitled, as part of compensation, to interest on confirmed award only from time when government takes actual possession."
It therefore follows that this court can not escape the conclusion that there is no obligation upon the conservancy district to pay interest upon the verdict in this case during the period that the case was being appealed to the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court, because during that time the district had not, and under the Constitution and statutes of Ohio, could not have taken possession of the premises for the reason that it had not paid the amount of the verdict, and the landowner therefore remained in full and complete control of his property. It would be unfair, unjust and certainly contrary to good public policy to permit the landowner to retain the use and full profits of his land and at the same time require the public to pay the landowner interest on the amount of the award in the appropriation suit.
It is our opinion that the judgment of the Conservancy Court, finding that the conservancy district was entitled to confirmation of its title and right to possession upon the payment of the amount of the verdict without interest thereon, was in accordance with the law of this state and all well reasoned authorities in other jurisdictions where the constitutional and statutory provisions regarding the time that title passes and right to possession accrues are similar to those contained in the Constitution and statutes of Ohio.
It therefore follows that the judgment of the Conservancy *Page 543 Court will be and the same is hereby affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
SHERICK, P.J., and MONTGOMERY, J., concur.