The opinion was rendered orally, April 10, 1894, for the court by This case is an application for a writ of habeas corpus that was presented to the Hon. John H. Burford, associate justice of the supreme court of of Oklahoma Territory, asking the discharge of Frank McMaster, who was held under the process of the district court of Oklahoma county, Oklahoma Territory, issued upon the judgment of the district court of Oklahoma county, holding the said Frank McMaster in contempt of the court by reason of a certain petition filed by the said Frank McMaster in the probate court of Oklahoma county, Oklahoma Territory, setting up, among other things, certain charges against the Hon. Henry W. Scott, judge of the Third judicial district. Among other matters stated in this petition are the following, referring to an order made by the Hon. Henry W. Scott, judge of said district court:
"That said last order aforesaid was issued wilfully and corruptly by said Henry W. Scott because of an immoral and dishonest conspiracy between the said *Page 437 Henry W. Scott, judge, and other parties, to prevent the disclosure of dishonest official acts of said Scott and his pro-conspirators, as officials of the Territory of Oklahoma.
"That said Henry W. Scott has wilfully, corruptly and dishonestly conspired with other parties to prosecute and injure said plaintiffs, to destroy their business and prevent the legal and proper use of their own property; that said writs and restraining orders against said plaintiffs were issued in pursuit and by reason of said conspiracy, and without legal right against plaintiffs, and to prevent them from publishing the illegal, dishonest and unfair acts of said conspirators, and that in all of said proceedings, hearings and trials aforesaid, the said Henry W. Scott, judge, has been insolent, tyrannical and unfair in his treatment of plaintiffs, and shown the grossest prejudices against their interest. By reason of all the said acts the plaintiffs have been damaged in the sum of nine hundred dollars.
"Wherefore, they pray judgment in the sum of nine hundred dollars and costs herein.
"FRANK McMASTER, Attorney for Plaintiff." A complaint was filed in the district court, charging a commission of a contempt of the district court, against Frank McMaster, in filing his petition. When that came up for hearing certain other proceedings were had in the district court of Oklahoma county as to the contempt of the district court committed at that time by the petitioner, and among other things in said cause the district court found:
"The court further finds that the said defendant, Frank McMaster, wilfully, maliciously, unlawfully and corruptly on the 2d. day of April, A.D. 1894, in the presence of the court, in open court, then in session, in presenting his defense as set forth in the answer of said defendant, Frank McMaster, and the argument of the said Frank McMaster delivered in open court at said time and place, was insolent, boisterous, contemptuous, anarchistic and defiant in the presentation of the same, and that he failed to *Page 438 show respect in any sense of the term to the court before which he was arraigned, and used and employed language wholly unbecoming an attorney and counselor, and an officer of the court, for which the court has entered an order, suspending him from practice."
In this same proceeding, Frank McMaster was adjudged guilty of the commission of a contempt of the district court of Oklahoma county and the sentence imposed upon him for such unlawful act, was that he be committed to the jail of Oklahoma county, for the period of six months, and pay a fine in the sum of five hundred dollars. He was committed upon this judgment.
Thereafter this application for a writ of habeas corpus was made to Hon. John H. Burford, associate justice of the supreme court of the Territory of Oklahoma, and this judgment and these findings we have read and refered to were made a part of the return of the officer to this writ. The Hon. John H. Burford, associate justice, on the return of the writ, after hearing a demurrer to the return and overruling it, made an order continuing the matter until the 21st day of April, 1894, and ordered, in the meantime, practically, that the judgment of the district court of Oklahoma county so made, and upon the commitment upon which the said Frank McMaster was held, should be suspended, and he be, practically, given his liberty without a hearing, and without a determination upon the writ of habeascorpus
An application is now made to this court, by the territory, for a modification of that order of the Hon. John H. Burford, associate justice, and to that application the objection is raised, (and that is the only matter that is now presented,) that the supreme court of the Territory of Oklahoma has no jurisdiction to consider that matter, the matter being a proceeding pending entirely before the Hon. John H. Burford, as *Page 439 associate justice of the supreme court of the Territory of Oklahoma.
A part of § 9 of the Organic Act of this territory provides:
"The said supreme and district courts of said territory, and the respective judges thereof, shall and may grant writs ofmandamus and habeas corpus in all cases authorized by law."
Section 690, of the code of civil procedure, under thehabeas corpus act, provides:
"Writs of habeas corpus may be granted by any court of record in term time, or by a judge of any such court, either in term or vacation; and upon application the writ shall be granted without delay."
Section 697 provides: "The court or judge, if satisfied of the truth of the allegation of sickness or infirmity, may proceed to decide on the return, or the hearing may be adjourned, * * *" among other matters contained in said section.
Section 698 provides:
"The court, or judge, shall thereupon proceed in a summary way to hear and determine the cause; and if no legal cause be shown for the restraint, or for the continuance thereof, shall discharge the party."
Section 699 provides:
"No court, or judge, shall inquire into the legality of any judgment or process, whereby the party is in custody, or discharge him when the term of commitment has not expired in either of the following cases: First, upon process issued by any court, or judge, of the United States, or where such court, or judge, has exclusive jurisdiction; or, second, upon any process issued on any final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction; or, third, for any contempt of court, officer or body having authority to commit; but an order of commitment as for a contempt, upon proceedings to enforce the remedy of a party, is not included in any of the foregoing specifications; fourth, upon a warrant or commitment issued from the district court, or any *Page 440 court of competent jurisdiction, upon an indictment or information."
Section 710 provides:
"All writs and other process, authorized by the provisions of this article, shall be issued by the clerk of the court, and, except summons, sealed with the seal of such court, and shall be served and returned forthwith, unless the court or judge shall specify a particular time for such return. And no writ or other process shall be disregarded for any defect therein, if enough is shown to notify the officer or person of the purport of the process. Amendments may be allowed, and temporary commitments, when necessary."
It is the view of the court in this case, that under the Organic Act and the statutes upon this question, a writ ofhabeas corpus may be issued by a judge of the district court, or by any judge of the supreme court, or it may issue, by the order of the judges, by the clerk of the court, or it may be issued by order of the district court, or supreme court, by the clerk thereof.
In this case the writ of habeas corpus might have been issued by Hon. John H. Burford, not in the supreme court, but by him alone as a judge of the supreme court, and there would then be no proceedings pending in the supreme court. In this case it is issued by Hon. John H. Burford in the supreme court, and the writ issued is a writ issuing out of the supreme court, and not issuing from Hon. John H. Burford in his separate capacity, independently from the supreme court.
It is proper for us to say, at this time, that the court considers this a very nice question, indeed, and one about which lawyers and judges may very properly differ. Different views may be taken upon this question of jurisdiction, and of the respective jurisdictions, and as to whether or not the jurisdiction which may be exercised by a judge of the supreme court is absolutely distinct from that which may be exercised by *Page 441 the court itself. We think, however, in this case, that the process of the supreme court of the territory is called in requisition. We think that whatever doubt there may be in the matter in this most extreme case should be resolved in behalf of good government for the people of Oklahoma Territory, and for the proper carrying out of the judicial proceedings.
The record here shows a most scandalous state of affairs: It shows on the part of a citizen of the Territory of Oklahoma an absolute disregard for the highest and best offices that exist in our territory; it shows a state of affairs which, if permitted to exist and continue, means nothing but an enlightened and intelligent anarchy, if it might be expressed in that way, and we believe there is no question whatever, at this time, that the court, in the absence of precedents to guide and enlighten us in this matter, should place the balance of judgment on that side which will uphold the institutions of government in our territory, and not permit the highest and most sacred of all our institutions of government to be thus disregarded and trampled in the dust.
Under the findings of the district court, no other judgment than that of contempt could possibly be rendered. If such things may be done, and the offending party be immediately discharged from an imprisonment ordered in pursuance of that judgment, then we are at sea, without rudder and without compass, and may only expect our courts, our institutions of the highest character, and which we should require to be held sacred, to be broken down by whomsoever may please.
In this case, also, we think that an order which amounts to a temporary release from imprisonment, cannot be sanctioned by this court, under § 699, of the code of civil procedure, and that part which refers to this case, in which it states that no party shall be *Page 442 released upon any process, for the commission of any contempt of any court, officer or body having authority to commit; and, before the last statement, is the one that they shall not be released upon any process issued upon any final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.
We hold that the process of the supreme court of this territory is invoked in this matter; that this is a writ issuing out of this court, and that the court has the power, the right, and therefrom is evolved the court's duty, to control its own process and to arrest its own mandate when evident and manifest wrong will be done if that arresting hand is not placed upon the writ about to be issued.
The petitioner, not being held in custody under a commitment issued upon a judgment that the petitioner was guilty of a contempt of the district court of Oklahoma county, under § 699, chap. 66, general section 4578, laws of Oklahoma, 1893, a judge of the supreme court would have no right to release from such imprisonment.
We cannot assent to the doctrine at this time that the supreme court of this territory would be powerless to act in a case where it might appear that parties committing high offenses against the law could be discharged in apparent want of consideration at least, of this section of the statute. For these reasons we hold that the court has jurisdiction in this matter, and that being the only question raised, we sustain the motion of the territory, and order the party re-committed to the jailor and sheriff of Oklahoma county, in pursuance of the judgment of the district court there.