The first exception is because the Court of Common Pleas refused to strike out the second count of the indictment on the defendant's motion, his contention being that the count is bad for duplicity. The second count charges that the defendant did "keep and maintain a certain grog shop and tippling shop and building, place, and tenement used for the illegal sale and the illegal keeping of intoxicating liquors, and for the habitual resort of intemperate, idle, dissolute, noisy, and disorderly persons, to the great damage and common nuisance of all good citizens of this State, against the form of the statute," etc. The indictment was preferred and the second count framed under Pub. Stat. R.I. cap. 80, § 1, which declares " all grog shops, tippling shops, or buildings, places, or tenements used for the illegal sale or keeping of intoxicating liquors, or where intemperate, idle, dissolute, noisy, or disorderly persons are in the habit of resorting," to be nuisances. The defendant's argument is that the statute makes each separate building or place mentioned a nuisance, if used as described, and that, therefore, inasmuch as the second count charges conjunctively that the defendant did keep and maintain them all, the count charges as many offences as there are buildings or places mentioned, and is manifestly multifarious or bad for duplicity. We do not think the objection is tenable. It seems to us that the truer view is that the several statutory terms are used cumulatively to designate the same place and thing, or that, if they were intended to apply to several places and things, there is still only one offence of keeping and maintaining those places and things charged, and that on trial it will appear that they, or so many of them as exist, were kept as parts of a common concern, or as contributing to a single purpose or business. It is familiar doctrine that where a statute forbids the doing of any one of several things mentioned disjunctively, all of which are punished *Page 53 alike, the doing of all of them may ordinarily be charged in one count as one offence, and, on conviction, the accused will be liable to only one punishment, the same as though he had done only one of them. Our complaints for selling or keeping for sale ale, wine, rum, and other strong or malt liquors are illustrations of this. 1 Bishop on Criminal Procedure, § 436;Davis v. The State, 100 Ind. 154; State v. Colwell,3 R.I. 284; Commonwealth v. Gibbons, 134 Mass. 197; Conley v. TheState, 5 W. Va. 522.
The defendant moved in the court below that the second clause of both counts be stricken out because the clause does not allegewhen the place kept or maintained was used "for the habitual resort," etc. In State v. Doyle, 15 R.I. 527, this court, following the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts inCommonwealth v. Langley, 14 Gray, 21, held that it was unnecessary to repeat the allegations of time and place in connection with said clause. We adhere to that decision.
The defendant contends that the words import no offence, because the statute does not make it an offence to keep a place for the habitual resort of "intemperate, idle, dissolute, and disorderly persons," but makes it an offence to keep a place where such persons are in the habit of resorting. The defendant does not correctly apprehend the count. The count charges that the defendant "did keep and maintain a certain grog shop and tippling shop, and building, place, and tenement used . . . for the habitual resort," etc. The count so read charges in effect the offence as committed in the manner described by the statute.
The defendant also excepts because the court below refused to grant his motion to quash the indictment. He contends that the indictment is bad because it contains two counts setting forth the same offence, with certain slight verbal variations, in the same manner. A similar exception was taken in State v. Doyle,15 R.I. 527, and overruled. The objection, if it may be regarded as such, is at best the merest matter of form, and cannot be maintained under our statute. Pub. Stat. R.I. cap. 248, § 4. And see State v. Rust, 35 N.H. 438.
The bill of exceptions contains the following statement of an exception, to wit: "During the trial, the defendant offered a witness who testified to the good character of the defendant's place, *Page 54 and that he saw no intemperate, idle, noisy, dissolute, and disorderly persons about it, nor knew of any disturbance therein. On cross-examination the witness was asked if he drank any liquors there, which question was objected to, the objection overruled, and exception taken. The witness answered: `I drank soda and hop-beer there.' He was then asked if he had drunk whiskey there. The question was objected to, objection overruled, and exception taken. The witness answered: `I am not a chemist; I cannot tell what it was I drank!'"
We do not see any error in these rulings. It is always permissible to put questions to a witness in cross-examination for the purpose of eliciting testimony to show the influence or bias under which he testifies, or to show his relation to the party calling him or to the subject matter of the trial. The extent to which this line of testimony shall go is largely discretionary with the presiding judge, and we see no reason to think that in this case the judge abused his discretion. Indeed, if we were to regard the questions simply as a cross-examination of the witness upon the matter in regard to which he testified in chief, we do not see but that it may have been proper, since he testified in chief to the character of the place.
Exceptions overruled.