[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *Page 67 February 13, 1915. The opinion of the Court was delivered by This is an action for actual and punitive damages for error in the transmission of a telegram from Charleston to Greenville. There is testimony that Bob Painter, a little boy, the son of the plaintiff, with a son of one of the witnesses, Mr. Gillespie, ran away from their parents in Greenville and went to Charleston. Bob Painter had a *Page 68 sister, Mrs. Moody, who lived with her husband, Leon Moody, in Charleston. It was suspected that these boys had gone to Charleston and Mrs. Painter sent a telegram to Mr. Moody about her son. From the Charleston office this message was telephoned to Mr. Moody at his home, which was about a mile from the telegraph office. Mr. Moody testified that he telephoned an answer as follows: "Bob is here. Will keep him until hear from you. Leon." The agent of the telegraph company wrote down the message as follows: "Bob is dead. Will keep him until hear from you. Leon." The message as thus written was sent to Greenville. Mr. Gillespie was uneasy about his son and went to see the plaintiff about it. Mr. Painter was not at home, and after a conference between Mr. Gillespie and Mrs. Painter it was agreed that Mr. Gillespie would go to the telegraph office in Greenville and send another message to Mr. Moody in Mrs. Painter's name. Mr. Gillespie went to the telegraph office and started to write the telegram, whereupon the telegraph operator informed him that he had received a message for Mrs. Painter and was waiting for a messenger boy to deliver it, but inasmuch as Mr. Gillespie was also interested in the matter he would turn over the message to him if he (Gillespie) would undertake to deliver it to Mrs. Painter. Mr. Gillespie undertook to deliver it. The agent of the company then opened the telegram, read it to Mr. Gillespie and turned over the message to him for delivery to Mrs. Painter. On his way back to deliver the message, he stopped at a street corner to wait for a car; a neighbor, Mr. Eskew, came up to Mr. Gillespie and asked if there was any news of the boys, and Mr. Gillespie told him that Bob Painter was dead. Mr. Eskew then called up Mr. Perry, another neighbor, and told him that Bob Painter was dead, and about the telegram. Mr. Perry then went over to the home of the plaintiff and called Mr. Painter out and told him about the telegram announcing the death of his son. While they *Page 69 were talking Mr. Gillespie came up with the telegram. Mr. Painter did not believe the statement in the telegram and went off and called up Mr. Moody over the long distance telephone and in that way learned that there was an error in the telegram and that Bob was not dead, but safe in Mr. Moody's home. There is testimony that while Messrs. Painter, Gillespie and Perry were talking another son of the plaintiff overheard the conversation and in that way learned the contents of the telegram and went back into the house and told his mother, the plaintiff, about the telegram and that Bob was dead.
This action is for the transmission and delivery of the erroneous telegram.
The defendant in its answer made a general denial, and some other defenses. The other defenses were either withdrawn or there was no attempt made to prove them. The case was tried on two issues. First, did the appellant ever receive the correct message? Second, did the appellant deliver the message? The cause was tried on Circuit and resulted in a judgment in favor of the plaintiff for five hundred dollars.
There were twelve exceptions. The seventh and eighth were withdrawn. The others will be considered in order.
Exception 1. "In that his Honor erred in refusing to grant defendant's motion for a nonsuit as to the cause of action for actual damages for the reason that there was no testimony tending to show that the suffering on the part of the plaintiff, if any, was the direct, natural and proximate result of any delict on the part of the defendant.
"(1) Because the undisputed evidence shows that the telegram was never delivered to the plaintiff until the same had been corrected to read as sworn to by the sender.
"(2) Because there is no evidence tending to show that the telegram set forth in the complaint was delivered to the plaintiff, but that the information received by her came *Page 70 from a source independent of the company, constituting an intervening efficient cause of the injury to the plaintiff, if any, beyond the control of the defendant."
There is some question as to whether Mr. Gillespie was the agent of Mrs. Painter or the telegraph company. We need not enter upon that question. There was evidence that the appellant had undertaken to deliver a message. That it sent Mr. Gillespie to Mrs. Painter with the message That he went to her house and spoke the message in the presence of two members of the family and it was delivered by one of them to Mrs. Painter. It needs no authority to show that it would be error to hold that a telegraph company could relieve itself from all liability for a telegram by delivering it through an unauthorized person. There would then be no liability for nondelivery, because it was delivered and no liability for error, because the person who delivered it was unauthorized. Whether the boy heard the conversation or not was a question of fact with which this Court has nothing to do. This subdivision is overruled.
(2) What has just been said disposes of this subdivision.
Exception 2. "In that his Honor refused to grant a nonsuit as to the cause of action for punitive damages. The error being that there was no testimony tending to show wilfulness, wantonness, or reckless disregard of the plaintiff's right by the defendant company."
The motion for nonsuit could not have been granted. The witness. Moody, testified that the message was repeated to him by the operator and the words spelled. "Q. I will ask you this much, did she spell the words back to you? A. Yes, sir; she spelled back the whole business." This testimony was capable of two interpretations, i. e., the operator exhausted every effort to avoid a mistake and *Page 71 failed, or she deliberately changed the word "here" to the word "dead." Which was true was a question for the jury.
This exception is overruled.
Exception 3. "In that his Honor erred in charging the jury as follows: `For failure to correctly transcribe and transmit a telegraph message without satisfactory explanation is some evidence upon which the jury may base a finding of a verdict for punitive damages. The error being that said charge is an incorrect proposition of law, and while it may be regarded as some evidence of negligence, the mere fact that a mistake was made by the telegraph company in transmitting and transcribing a message is not sufficient evidence upon which to base a verdict for punitive damages."
This exception must be sustained. Whatever the rule may or may not be in regard to a change in a telegram in transmission after it reaches the telegraph office, the case of Cameron v. Tel. Co., 90 S.C. 503, 74 S.E. 929, is full authority for the proposition that before a party can recover for a mistake in a telegram, he must show that the agent who received a message understood the message or was negligent in failing to understand it. There is no presumption that the defendant's agent understood it or was negligent in failing to understand it.
This exception is sustained.
Exception 4. "In that his Honor erred in refusing to charge without modification the following request of the defendant, to wit: `The complaint alleges that the defendant company delivered to Laura E. Painter the following message: "Bob is dead; will keep him until hear from you," and by reason thereof plaintiff was caused to suffer mental anguish and physical injury. If you find that the telegraph company did not deliver such a telegram to the plaintiff then I charge you she cannot recover in this case, and your verdict should be for the defendant.' The error being that said request was a sound *Page 72 proposition of law applicable to the case, and the modification of his Honor destroyed the effect thereof."
This exception is overruled. In this case it was likely to lead the jury to believe that the paper and not the information was the thing in issue.
Exception 5. "In that his Honor erred in refusing to charge without modification the second request to charge on the part of the defendant, to wit: `I charge you that this is not an action against the defendant company for negligence in disclosing the contents of a telegram, and you are not to consider it as such. If you find that the injury to the plaintiff, if any, was caused by a third party disclosing the contents of a message, and not through any negligence on the part of the company in delivering the message as set out in this complaint, then, under the law, the plaintiff cannot recover, and your verdict should be for the defendant.' The error being that the same was a correct proposition of law applicable to the case, and the modification of his Honor destroyed the effect of the request."
This exception is overruled, because it eliminated negligence in the transmission of the telegram.
Exception 6. "In that his Honor erred in charging the jury as follows: `It was the contents of the telegram, the effect of the contents upon Mrs. Painter, which caused the trouble.' The error being that the same was a charge upon the facts, and in violation of the law of this State."
This exception is overruled. His Honor was stating the issue merely.
Exception 9. "In that his Honor erred in charging the jury as follows: `If the telegraph company chooses to receive for transmission a message over the telephone to an agent in their office, then they should be held for the same accountability as if the message was written and placed in their hands. They are held *Page 73 to the same responsibility as they would be if the parties were in the office and writing out the telegram.' The error being that said proposition was not a correct statement of the law as to the liability of telegraph companies receiving messages over the telephone."
This exception is sustained under the case of Cameron v. Tel. Co., 90 S.C. 503, 74 S.E. 929, for the reasons stated under exception 3.
Exception 10. "In that his Honor erred in refusing to charge the eighth request on the part of the defendant, as follows: `I charge you that there is no evidence in this case tending to show that the telegram complained of in the complaint was ever delivered to the plaintiff, Mrs. Laura E. Painter, until the same had been corrected, and your verdict should be for the defendant.' The error being that said request contained a correct proposition of law applicable to the case."
Exception 11. "In that his Honor erred in refusing to charge the ninth request on the part of the defendant, which is as follows: `I charge you there is no evidence upon which you can base punitive damages, and you should not consider such damages in making up your verdict.' The error being that said request contained a correct proposition of law applicable to the case."
These exceptions are overruled for the reasons already stated. The judgment appealed from is reversed and the case remanded for a new trial.