June 23, 1919. The opinion of the Court was delivered by The defendants were indicted for the murder of Sidney Bailey. They were also indicted for the murder of Edgar Bailey. Before they were arraigned, their attorneys made a motion to join the indictments, on the ground that they arose out of one and the same difficulty, and that the deaths of Edgar Bailey and Sidney Bailey were the result of one and the same impulse. The motion was overruled, and this presents the first assignment of error. *Page 45 It is only necessary to cite the following cases to show that such motions are addressed to the discretion of the presiding Judge: State v. Carroll, 30 S.C. 85, 8 S.E. 433, 14 Am. St. Rep. 883; State v. Wade, 95 S.C. 387, 79 S.E. 106; Statev. Brown, 108 S.C. 490, 95 S.E. 61.
The second exception was as follows: "Because his Honor erred in standing aside, on motion of the State, juror, James A. Cauthen, on the ground that he had made an affidavit at the habeas corpus proceedings in the case, testifying to the good reputation of two of the defendants for industry, peace, and quiet; whereas, said juror, on his voir dire, disclaimed any bias for or against the defendants or the prosecution, and stated that he could give both the State and the defendants a fair trial."
The ruling of his Honor, the presiding Judge, thus appears in the record:
"The Court: I would say offhand, without any authority, that that would not disqualify a juror, because he made the affidavit of the good character of these parties.
"Mr. Solicitor Henry: I think a man who makes an affidavit volunteers to become a witness, shows he is more or less partisan of one side against the other. If I volunteer to make an affidavit in the case, I am taking certainly a partisan interest in it. I wouldn't be said to be unbiased when I have shown that much interest in it.
"The Court: Well, gentlemen, we all want a fair, square trial of this case, and out of abundance of precaution I think I will let him stand aside."
The appellants' attorneys have failed to satisfy this Court that his Honor, the presiding Judge, erroneously exercised his discretion.
The third assignment of error is as follows: "Because his Honor erred in admitting, over defendants' repeated *Page 46 objections, the testimony of witnesses, W.J. Bailey, M.T. Addison, Amos Bird, and Vernon Sowell, as to the causes and details of a former difficulty between the defendants, Ernest Evans and Edgar Bailey and his brothers, which occurred about 40 days prior to the killing of Sidney Bailey; whereas, he should have limited said testimony to facts showing only that there had been a previous difficulty between the parties such as would induce motive or provoke malice with relation to the crime charged."
His Honor, the presiding Judge, not only permitted the State to introduce testimony for the purpose of showing the mental attitude of the parties towards each other, but also for the purpose of showing who was responsible for bringing on the second difficulty, which resulted in the death of Sidney Bailey and Edgar Bailey.
The rule in such cases is thus stated in State v. Adams,68 S.C. 421, 47 S.E. 676:
"The evidence as to the previous difficulty was competent only to show the animus of the parties, and thus aid the jury in reaching a conclusion as to who was probably the aggressor, and what demeanor each party had reason to expect from the other when they met and the fatal difficulty occurred. The general details of the previous trouble were properly excluded."
The ruling of his Honor, the Circuit Judge, was, therefore, erroneous, and this exception is sustained.
The fourth exception merely assigns error on the part of the presiding Judge in failing to charge as therein set forth. It was the duty of the appellants' attorneys to present a request to that effect if they desired to make it the basis of an exception.
*Page 47Reversed and remanded for a new trial.