This action is by motion of appellants, Cleveland Cameron, against S.H. Tittle, sheriff of Greer County, and the sureties on his official bond, for $2700 and 10 per cent thereon, the value of certain horses and mules levied on by the sheriff by virtue of an execution issued from the District Court of McLennan County under judgment for $2945.40 in favor of plaintiffs against one F.E. Herring.
It is alleged, that the sheriff, after levy, negligently allowed the property levied on to escape from his possession, whereby plaintiffs have been damaged in the amount of the alleged value of the property. The judgment was of date the 11th of March, 1887; the execution was issued on the 7th day of October, 1889, directed to the sheriff or any constable of Greer County, and was levied on the horses and mules as stated. It was in form of a first execution, and did not show that any other execution had ever been issued, except that there was an item in the bill of costs for issuing an alias.
Defendants answered by demurrer, general denial, and specially, that the property never had been levied on, but pointed out only in a large pasture, where it remained by consent of the attorneys of plaintiffs, and from which it was driven, without fault of the sheriff, into the Indian Territory, beyond the jurisdiction of the court.
Upon objection of defendants on the trial, the court excluded the execution, because it appeared upon its face to have been issued more than one year after the date of the judgment, and did not show on its face that it was an alias, or that any execution had been issued to McLennan County The court suggested that plaintiffs could take a nonsuit, and *Page 193 then move to reinstate because of the court's action in excluding the execution. The plaintiffs thereupon took a nonsuit, and afterward moved to reinstate the cause, which motion was by the court overruled. Plaintiffs excepted and have appealed.
We think there was error in excluding the execution, as claimed by appellants, and consequently in refusing to reinstate the case after nonsuit. The action is brought under the following statute, relating to the duty of an officer as to personal property levied on by him by virtue of an execution:
"The officer shall keep securely all personal property levied on by him, for which no delivery bond has been given; and if any injury or loss should result to any party interested by his negligence, he and his sureties shall be liable to pay the value of the property so lost, or the amount of injury sustained, and 10 per cent thereon, to be recovered by the party injured, on motion — three days notice being given — in the court from which the execution issued." Rev. Stats., art. 2298.
An execution issued under a dormant judgment is not void, but voidable only. The purchaser at a sale thereunder would take good title as against a collateral attack. Maverick v. Flores,71 Tex. 118; Sydnor v. Roberts, 13 Tex. 598 [13 Tex. 598]; Freem. on Ex., sec. 29; Erwin's Lessee v. Dundas, 4 How., 79.
The writ, if irregular only, or voidable, will protect the officer in making a levy. Tierney v. Frazier, 57 Tex. 437.
And it is equally true, that he can not shelter himself behind such writ for failure to execute it, or for failure to perform his duty as required by law in respect to the preservation and safe keeping of property levied on by him under the writ. He can not appropriate the property or the proceeds to his own use; and it has been held, that he would be responsible if his deputy should do so. People v. Dunning, 1 Wend., 17; Walden v. Davison, 15 Wend., 575.
In an action for an escape under a ca. sa. he can not set up the irregularity of the writ. Bank v. Sheriff, 8 Cow., 194.
Mr. Freeman says: "Whenever the writ is amendable, or is such that by the failure of the proper party to move for its vacation it may be lawfully executed, and may by sale thereunder transfer the title of the defendant, the sheriff is bound to execute it, and to take no notice of the irregularity, and is as liable to the plaintiff for any neglect or misconduct in its execution as though it were in all respects regular." Freem. on Ex., sec. 103.
The author then quotes from Ginochio v. Orser, 1 Abbott's Practice, 434, to show the distinction between void and voidable process; that the sheriff is not bound to execute the former, but is bound to execute the latter, and would be liable for neglect. *Page 194
Another text writer formulates the rule as follows: "In other words, the error or fault in the proceedings which could not be used against him [the sheriff] if he had executed the process, can not be used by him as an excuse for not executing it." Murf. on Sheriffs, sec. 929.
This doctrine is reasonable and just. If the officer would be protected by the writ in making a levy, and it would be as effective in securing a valid sale and payment of the judgment as a writ regular in all respects, he should not be allowed to deprive the plaintiff of such valuable right. It would be his duty to obey the writ and execute it, unless its execution should be arrested by the defendant or the party interested.
The fact, if it be true, in this case, that the judgment was dormant by failure to have execution issued within a year after its rendition, would not make the execution subsequently issued upon the unsatisfied judgment void. Rev. Stats., arts. 1634, 3210. The sheriff would be held to the same diligence in executing it as if it were a regular alias.
The same may be said of the fact that no execution had been issued first to the county where the judgment was rendered, as directed by the statute. Art. 2278. Such an omission would be an irregularity only, and it has been held, that an execution so issued must be executed by the officer who received it. Earle v. Thomas, 14 Tex. 591; see, also, Hancock v. Metz,15 Tex. 205.
There was error in the rulings of the court below as herein pointed out.
The case should be reinstated and tried in the court below, for which purpose the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.