This suit originated in the district court of Jones county, Tex., wherein the plaintiff, appellant in this case, Guaranty Trust Company of New York, trustee, sued the defendant, Willie W. Green, upon a foreign judgment obtained in the state of Missouri for the sum of $1,335.20, and was tried before the court on the 2d day of August, A.D. 1916, a jury having been waived, and the court rendered judgment in favor of the defendant, Willie W. Green, and against the Guaranty Trust Company, appellant herein, for all costs of suit. The plaintiff thereafter filed its appeal bond, appealing said cause to the Court of Civil Appeals for the Second Supreme Judicial District, at Ft. Worth, Tex., and the cause is now transferred to this court for hearing.
The trial court made the following findings of facts and conclusions of law:
"First. Plaintiff showed that on the 13th day of February, 1914, Stephen H. P. Pell, Howland H. Pell, and Charles A. Kipple, copartners, doing business under the name of S. H. P. Pell Co., as plaintiffs, filed suit against W. M. Green in the circuit court of the city of St. Louis, Mo., for the sum of $1,243.38; that upon the filing of said petition a writ of summons was issued by the clerk of said court to the sheriff of St. Louis, commanding him to summons W. M. Green to appear before the judge of said circuit court on the first Monday in April, 1914; that the sheriff, intending to serve W. M. Green, as shown by his return on the citation on the 13th day of February, 1914, executed the writ by delivering to Willie W. Green a copy of the writ and petition in the city of St. Louis, Mo.; that on May 12, 1914, the plaintiffs in said cause in said circuit court, by leave of the court, filed their amended petition, setting up the fact that Willie W. Green was the actual defendant in said suit and not W. M. Green, and setting up a different cause of action than alleged in their original petition.
"Second. That W. M. Green and Willie W. Green are two separate and distinct persons, and both residents of Texas, and never resided in the city of St. Louis, nor state of Missouri.
"Third. That at the time of the service on Willie W. Green in the city of St. Louis, Mo., there was no case pending against him in any of the courts of Missouri; and that after the amended petition was filed making him a party to the suit he was not served with notice nor citation and knew nothing of the suit against him until after judgment had been rendered against him, to wit, on September 9, 1915, being the judgment sued upon herein; that thereafter in June, 1916, the defendant Willie W. Green was demanded to pay said judgment, which was the first time that he knew or had any knowledge that said suit and judgment was against him.
"Fourth. That said judgment was taken by default against the said Willie W. Green, and without his appearance in person or by attorney, and without his knowledge of said suit.
"Fifth. The court further finds as a fact that S. H. P. Pell Co., the original plaintiffs in the case in the said circuit court of Missouri, went into bankruptcy, and that the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, trustee of said bankrupt, was substituted as plaintiff in said cause before judgment, and that said judgment was entered for said Guaranty Trust Company, as trustee.
"Sixth. That on September 9, 1915, the circuit court of the city of St. Louis, Mo., rendered judgment in favor of the Guaranty Trust Company, trustee, against the said Willie W. Green for the sum of $1,335.20, and is the judgment sued upon herein.
"The court concludes as a matter of law from the foregoing facts, as follows:
"First. Said judgment sued upon herein being a foreign judgment, rendered by default, and without personal service, is not a valid judgment and would not support a cause of action.
"Second. Said judgment being a foreign judgment, rendered without having any jurisdiction of the person of the defendant, Willie W. Green, is void and of no force and effect whatever."
The third assignment is that the court erred in finding that the amended pleadings upon which judgment was rendered set up a new cause of action. In view of the holding hereinafter that the appellee was not a party to the suit at the time citation was issued, it is immaterial whether the amended petition set up a new cause of action.
Fourth assignment:
"Plaintiff assigns as error that portion of the court's third conclusion of fact, wherein the court finds as a fact that at the time of the service on Willie W. Green in the city of St. Louis, Mo., there was no case pending against him in any of the courts of Missouri."
The record discloses that the original petition filed in the circuit court of St. Louis, February 13, 1914, named W. M. Green defendant The citation issued and served same date was addressed to same party. At the April term, 1914, an amended petition was filed, setting up that the debt sued upon was contracted by W. M. Green Son, a copartnership composed of W. M. Green and Willie W. Green.
Following the filing of said amended petition, same term, the following motion was filed: *Page 1027
"Now come the plaintiffs in the above-entitled cause, and file this their motion to amend the summons and return in the above-entitled cause, as follows: (1) The summons as issued by the clerk commands the sheriff to summon the plaintiffs, instead of to summon the defendant and in the same manner names the defendant as plaintiff instead of as defendant; and the summons should read: `We command you to summon Willie W. Green to appear,' etc., `to answer the complaint of Stephen H. P. Pell, Howland H. Pell, and Charles A. Kittle, copartners doing business under the name of S. H. P. Pell Co.' (2) The return of the sheriff on the above summons is as follows: `Executed this writ in the city of St. Louis, Mo., this 13th day of February, 1914, by delivering a copy of the writ and petition as furnished by the clerk to W. M. Green, defendant herein.' By mistake the defendant in the original petition was named as `W. M. Green,' when in fact he should have been named as `Willie W. Green'; that, in point of fact, the defendant, Willie W. Green, was actually served with a copy of the writ and petition, and is the defendant on whom the sheriff made service, and the sheriff's return should therefore return service on the defendant, Willie W. Green. Wherefore plaintiffs move the court to order the summons, and the return thereon, to be amended in the particulars herein mentioned and set forth."
At the June term, 1915, the court granted the motion to amend "the summon." The clerk issued the citation to Willie W. Green and dated it February 16, 1914, and the return on this is dated February 13, 1914.
The question then is, was the trial court correct in finding as a fact from this evidence that Willie W. Green was not a party to the suit at the time judgment was entered? We think so clearly. It is evident that the father was the party against whom suit was intended to be filed, and that when it was discovered that he had not been served but another had been — the son — as an afterthought this attempt was made to change the personnel of the party sued.
The first and second assignments charge that the court erred in its first and second conclusions of law, copied above. Since we hold that the trial court was correct in finding as a fact that the appellee, Willie W. Green, was not a party to the suit, it follows that the conclusions of law complained of are correct.
The circuit court of St. Louis, Mo., not having acquired jurisdiction, its judgment is a nullity. Redus v. Burnett, 59 Tex. 576.
The assignments are therefore overruled, and cause affirmed.