The offense is murder; the punishment, death.
It was charged in the indictment, in substance, that appellant, with malice aforethought, killed Jack Sturdivant by shooting him with a gun.
Harry Rutherford, J. B. Rutherford and deceased were last seen alive in the town of Handley about dusk on the evening of July 8, 1933. When last seen they were in an automobile *Page 4 traveling in the direction of the homes of appellant and one O. D. Stevens, which were about three and one-half miles from the town of Handley. A private lane led to the homes of appellant and Stevens, Stevens' home being located on the west side of said lane and appellant's on the east side thereof. The clothes that the deceased and the Rutherford boys were wearing, together with their watches, papers and other personal belongings, were found July 9, 1933, in a branch of the Trinity River, a mile or two from the homes of appellant and Stevens. The clothes were wrapped in "hog" wire which was similar to wire found at appellant's home. They were weighted down with brown sandstone of the same character as that found at appellant's home. The bodies of the Rutherford boys and deceased were found in another branch of the Trinity River not far from where the clothes had been discovered, and within a few days after the finding of said clothes. The bodies were bound together with "hog" wire similar to the "hog" wire found at appellant's home. Said bodies were weighted down with two one-hundred-pound sacks of Lone Star cement. The evidence indicated that deceased and his companions probably had been killed between the hours of 10:35 p. m., July 8, 1933, and I a. m., July 9, 1933. Each of said men had been shot, it being shown that three different kinds of guns had been used in the killing.
Weldon Routt, a witness for the State, testified that approximately a month before the homicide appellant told him that there were some men at O. D. Stevens' home; that Stevens was not at home and Mrs. Stevens could not make the men leave; that appellant asked the witness to go with him to Stevens' home to see about said men; that he drove with appellant to the vicinity of the homes of appellant and Stevens; that appellant got out of the car and went on foot across the field, taking with him a pistol which he had borrowed from the witness; that a few minutes thereafter appellant returned and stated to the witness that he had gotten a glimpse of the men and that they were the parties who had participated in a mail robbery with appellant; that he (appellant) was expecting trouble with said parties because of the fact that they had not received their part of the loot. Routt testified further that said men were deceased, Harry Rutherford and J. B. Rutherford, and that he thereafter saw them on the afternoon of July 8, 1933.
Appellant was arrested on the 10th of July, 1933. There was found at his home shortly after his arrest a truck, on the floor and hub cap of which were large quantities of blood. On *Page 5 appellant's belt, which the officers found at his home, there was blood. The chemist who made a laboratory test testified that it was human blood. On the evening of July 8, 1933, appellant took his family to the home of Mrs. Brown between 7 and 7:30 and left them there. He did not return for them until 2 o'clock the following morning. The wives of two of the dead men testified that deceased and the Rutherford boys left Dallas July 8, 1933, to go to Handley; that when they did not return by night the witnesses went to the May and Stevens homes; that they drove the car down the private lane leading to said homes, and parked in the entrance near Stevens' house; that while they were there they saw an automobile come through the lane and go to appellant's home. The testimony of the State was to the effect that said car was similar to the car appellant was driving when he took his family to Mrs. Brown's place. The wives of two of the dead men testified further that at a later time during said evening and somewhere in the neighborhood of 11:30 p. m., they saw a truck leave the May home and go out said lane; that said truck was practically identical in appearance with appellant's truck upon which the human blood had been found. Two witnesses for the State testified that they were at a party located some two or three hundred yards north of the homes of appellant and Stevens on the night of July 8, 1933; that they heard several shots in the direction of appellant's home. One of the witnesses testified she and a young man had stepped outside the house and while out there she heard the shots. She said that before going outside the young man looked at his watch and it was 10:30 p. m. She did not state, however, how long she had been outside when the shots were fired. Another witness for the State fixed the time at approximately 11 p. m. The testimony of the State was to the effect that the "hog" wire which contained the clothes of the three deceased men and the wire which was wrapped around their bodies was exactly like the wire found at appellant's place; that the pieces of wire had been fitted to the wire found at appellant's place; and showed that it had been cut from said wire. The testimony was to the further effect that sometime during the week preceding the day on which the homicide occurred appellant had purchased forty sacks of Lone Star cement from a certain dealer in the town of Handley and that said sacks bore certain numbers. There were found at appellant's home thirty-eight sacks of cement bearing the Lone Star brand and bearing also the same numbers as the two sacks of Lone Star cement found with the bodies of deceased and his two companions. *Page 6
The foregoing constitutes in substance the testimony adduced by the State.
Appellant did not testify in his own behalf. He introduced two witnesses in an effort to raise the issue of alibi. W. L. Gaddis testified that he was in a filling station in the town of Handley on the evening of July 8, 1933. While he was there appellant drove up in an automobile for the purpose of having his lights fixed. We quote from the testimony of the witness as follows: "As to whether I can estimate the time when Bill May (appellant) came to Mr. Carr's filling station, will state I couldn't say what time because I didn't pay no attention to the time. As to my best judgment about it, I judge it to be around 8:30. It was beginning to get dark. Yes, sir, I talked with Bill May on that occasion. Yes, sir, we had a talk. While I was talking to Bill May Mr. Carr was working on Bill's car. He was fixing the lights. No, Mr. Carr did not join in the conversation between Mr. May and I before we entered our conversation. Mr. May left before I left. Yes, sir, he left before I left. As to what time he left will state I could not say what time he left, but I judge it must have been something like an hour and a half or two hours from the time he drove up there until he left. Yes, that is my best judgment. As to how long I stayed after Bill left, will state I don't know, possibly an hour."
C. C. Carr, the owner of the garage and filling station mentioned in the testimony of the witness Gaddis, testified on his direct-examination by appellant, in part, as follows: "Yes, sir, I saw the defendant W. D. May on that night. I saw him at my place. Walter Gaddis was there. Yes, sir, that is W. L. Gaddis. Mr. Gaddis got to my place first. As to how long he had been there before Mr. May came up, will state within thirty or forty minutes, may be longer. As to what time Mr. May came there, will state I judge about nine o'clock — 8:30 or 9 o'clock. He had his lights out. Yes, sir, I worked on them. I fixed them temporarily. * * * As to how long he (appellant) stayed there after he got there before he left, will state I judge an hour and a half or more. Yes, sir, about an hour and a half or more."
On cross-examination the witness testified, in part, as follows: "Yes, sir, Bill May was in a Chevrolet coupe at my place. Yes, sir, then he started toward home. When he left my place, he turned back this way (indicating). Yes, sir, that is back toward his home. Yes, sir, that was about 9:30 or 10 o'clock when he left my place." *Page 7
Lum Phifer, a witness for appellant, testified that he ran a garage which was located three miles west of the town of Handley; that he saw appellant at his garage in a Chevrolet coupe about 12 o'clock on the night of July 8, 1933.
A witness for the State testified that he heard the shots in the direction of appellant's home about 11 p. m. He said, however, that he looked at no time piece, and, in effect, that he was guessing at the time. It has already been observed that another witness for the State testified she stepped outside of the house shortly after 10:30 p. m. and that she heard the shots. She did not testify as to how long she had been outside when said shots were heard. Further, it has been observed that the filling station at Handle at which appellant was seen by his witnesses was three and one-half miles from appellant's home; that appellant was traveling in a Chevrolet coupe; that he drove toward his home when he left said filling station.
Appellant timely and properly excepted to the charge for its failure to submit an instruction on alibi. It is recited in each bill of exception found in the record that it was the State's theory that the homicide occurred between 10:35 p. m. and 1 o'clock a.m. The rule governing the necessity of a charge on alibi is stated by Mr. Branch in his Annotated Texas Penal Code, Sec. 55, as follows: "It is not necessary that defendant testify in so many words that he was in another and different place in order to raise the issue of alibi; if the evidence so shows, then the issue is raised regardless of how the statement is made. If there is testimony from any source which, if true, shows that the accused was not at the place where the offense was committed, and presence is necessary to a conviction, then the issue is raised." In support of the text several authorities are cited, among them being Conway v. State, 33 Tex.Crim. Rep.; Padron v. State, 41 Texas Crim. Rep, 552; Sapp v. State, 77 S.W. 456, and Davis v. State, 152 S.W. 1094. Stated in another way, the charge is not required unless the testimony relied on to establish the alibi is inconsistent with the fact of the presence of the accused at the commission of the offense. Woods v. State, 188 S.W. 980. In Williams v. State, 132 S.W. 345, the State relied upon circumstantial evidence to establish the fact that Williams killed one McGill. There was indefinite testimony in the record suggesting that on the night of the killing Williams was two miles from the scene. In concluding that there was no error in failing to charge on alibi, this court, speaking through Judge Davidson, said: "The testimony is so indefinite in regard to his absence at the time of the *Page 8 homicide that the error, if any was committed by the court in this respect, is not of sufficient importance to require us to reverse the judgment for that reason." In the present case the witnesses who testified that appellant was at a filling station three and one-half miles from the scene of the homicide looked at no time pieces. They stated that they did not know when appellant left the filling station. One of them expressed the opinion that it was about 10 o'clock, while in the best judgment of the other is was 10:30. If true, such testimony would not show that appellant was not present when the offense was committed. See Underwood v. State, 117 S.W. 809. Under the circumstances, we are constrained to hold that the charge was not required.
Appellant brings forward several bills of exception in which he complains of the action of the trial court in refusing to submit to the jury certain requested instructions. One of these instructions would have advised the jury not to consider the testimony pertaining to any acts or declarations of O. D. Stevens outside of the presence of appellant. Another of such instructions would have advised the jury that they could not consider any acts and declarations of Stevens outside of the presence and hearing of appellant unless they believed beyond a reasonable doubt that there was a conspiracy between appellant and Stevens to kill deceased. No declarations on the part of Stevens were shown. It has been observed that the State introduced proof to the effect that deceased, Harry Rutherford, and J. B. Rutherford were seen on the afternoon of July 8, 1933, the date of the homicide, playing dominoes in the town of Handley with O. D. Stevens, and conversing with him. The proof did not show what was said between the parties. About dusk of said evening Stevens got in his automobile and traveled toward his home. He was followed by the three deceased persons. The proof shows that in all probability the homicide occurred near the homes of appellant and Stevens. Other proof on the part of the State was to the effect that Weldon Routt had a conversation with Stevens about a mail robbery. It was not shown what was said by said parties. Routt testified that appellant told him of the robbery and said he was expecting trouble with the persons who were later killed. The location of the homes of appellant and Stevens was shown. We think the testimony showing the fact that Stevens was with the deceased parties and that they followed him in the direction of his home, and, further, the testimony showing the location of appellant's and Stevens' homes was clearly admissible to show the place the *Page 9 deceased and his companions were last seen alive, and the direction in which they were traveling before the homicide. In short, we think the testimony upon which appellant's requested instructions were predicted was relevant and admissible regardless of the establishment of a conspiracy between appellant and Stevens to kill deceased. Hence said instructions were properly refused.
Appellant filed a motion several months before the trial in which he sought an order of the trial court requiring the district attorney, chemist and doctors who made the laboratory test of the blood found on his truck to turn over to appellant and his attorneys the hub cap and pieces of the floor of the truck upon which blood was found. The motion sought to obtain information about the result of the laboratory test, as well as to obtain the hub cap and pieces of wood. The chemist testified at the trial that he made an analysis of the substances found on the hub cap and pieces of wood and that it was human blood. At the time the motion was made by appellant the district attorney informed appellant's counsel in open court that the analysis had been made by such chemist and that it showed that the substance was human blood. The truck from which the specimens were taken had been in the possession of appellant from the time of his arrest until the time of the trial. There were many other such blood stains on said truck. Thus it is seen that appellant had been advised that the substance on said truck was human blood and that the State would produce testimony to such effect upon the trial. The hub cap and pieces out of the car were produced in evidence by the State at the time of the trial. Appellant and his counsel had the opportunity to examine them. It would appear that appellant could have secured specimens from the truck and had an analysis made by chemists. Under the circumstances, we are constrained to hold that error is not shown.
Several bills of exception relate to appellant's objection to testimony of officers touching the things they found on appellant's premises after the homicide. These bills show that the officers were not armed with a search warrant. However, it is observed that appellant's wife gave her consent and permission to the officers to make the search. In the case of Cass v. State, 61 S.W.2d 500, it was held that permission given by the wife is sufficient, and that under such circumstances, a warrant to search is not required.
We find in the record a bill of exception bringing forward appellant's complaint of the action of the trial court in refusing *Page 10 to grant his second application for a continuance. Appellant has been confined in jail since July 10, 1933. The indictment was returned July 20, 1933. Application for process for the absent witnesses was not made until December 27, 1933, which was approximately five months after the return of the indictment. We think the diligence was insufficient.
The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
MORROW, P. J., absent.
The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the Judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the Court.
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING.