During the month of August, 1924, one J.F. Cox commenced an action against the Milwaukee Lumber Company, a corporation, in the district court of the United States for the District of Idaho, Northern Division, in which action he demanded judgment against the defendant for an amount in excess of $1,100,000. After the cause had been twice tried in that court, a new trial having been granted after a verdict in plaintiff's favor on the second trial of the action, and while the action was still pending, the plaintiff therein commenced a new action against the same defendant, Milwaukee Lumber Company (relator herein), in the superior court of the state of Washington for Spokane county, in which action plaintiff seeks to recover from defendant, upon the same cause of action *Page 616 set forth in his complaint in the action pending in the United States District Court for the District of Idaho, the same sum for which he demands judgment in that court.
[1] The parties, the subject matter and the relief demanded in the two actions are identical, and the defendant having moved the superior court for Spokane county for an order staying further proceedings until the cause pending in the United States District court for the District of Idaho should be terminated, upon denial of its motion, asks this court for a writ of prohibition directed to the superior court for Spokane county prohibiting that court from proceeding further in the action now pending before it. An alternative writ of prohibition having been issued, the matter is now before this court for determination upon such writ.
Counsel for relator contend that the admitted facts required that the superior court grant relator's motion to stay, that there was nothing upon which the judicial discretion of the court could operate, and that therefore a writ of prohibition from this court to the superior court should issue. Relator's counsel, in their brief, admit (and it is undoubtedly the law, 1 C.J. p. 83, § 110), that the pendency of a law action in personam in one jurisdiction does not constitute sufficient ground for abatement of an action, later filed in personam in a court of another jurisdiction, in which the parties and subject matter are identical, but contend that the pendency of such prior action may, in a given case, be sufficient cause for staying the later action until the prior action is disposed of.
While it is true that, under certain circumstances, the court in which the junior action is pending might properly stay the same or grant a continuance of the trial thereof to await some particular action by the *Page 617 court in which the senior action is pending, we think that the mere statement of this proposition necessarily indicates that the granting or refusal of such relief constitutes such an exercise of judicial discretion as cannot be reviewed by an appellate court in a proceeding of this character.
We are satisfied that the admitted facts of this case do not require, as matter of law, the entry of an order by the superior court staying the action pending in that court, and we find nothing in the record before us which demands or justifies the issuance of a writ of prohibition.
Counsel for relator rely upon the cases of State ex rel. Nashv. Superior Court, 82 Wn. 614, 144 P. 898, and State exrel. Martin v. Superior Court, 97 Wn. 358, 166 P. 630, L.R.A. 1917F 905.
In the former case, this court held that the superior court, in granting a motion for a change of venue for the convenience of non-resident witnesses, acted in excess of its jurisdiction, that not being, under the law of this state, any ground for granting a change of venue; that the court, in granting the motion upon a ground not authorized by statute, acted in excess of its jurisdiction, and that a writ of mandate should issue from this court directing the superior court to vacate its order granting a change of venue and proceed with the trial. It is clear that this court directed the issuance of the writ of mandate for the reason that it held the superior court to have been acting without jurisdiction, there being no facts alleged which required that a change of venue be granted, or upon which the judicial discretion of the court could properly operate.
In the later case of State ex rel. Martin v. Superior Court,supra, this court granted a writ of prohibition restraining the lower court from proceeding with the *Page 618 trial of the cause after the denial of an application for change of venue. Judge Chadwick, speaking for the court, says:
"The claim for a change of venue, when once asserted, no question of fact being involved and no discretion of the court invoked, is more than a privilege, it is a right,"
and this court held that the undisputed facts showed that the defendant was entitled to a change of venue, and that the assertion of these facts, the same being uncontroverted, ousted the court to which the application was made of jurisdiction to proceed further in the action. That being so, in denying the motion for change of venue and proceeding to hear the cause, the superior court was acting without jurisdiction, and a writ of prohibition should issue. In the opinion in this case, the court criticizes the prior opinion of the court in the case of Stateex rel. Nash v. Superior Court, above referred to, saying that the case was rightly decided, but that the decision was probably put upon the wrong ground. It is clear that, in these two cases, this court held that the lower court, in the one case, acted in excess of its jurisdiction by improperly granting a change of venue, and in the other case, was acting without jurisdiction in proceeding with the case after denying a motion for a change of venue, when the uncontroverted facts showed that application for such change was well founded in law. In neither case was there any opportunity offered for the exercise of any judicial discretion such as was presented to the trial court in the case at bar.
The writ will be denied.
FULLERTON, C.J., MAIN, and MITCHELL, JJ., concur. *Page 619