Action commenced October 12, 1939, by plaintiffs-appellants against defendants-respondents for an injunction to restrain the alleged continuing breach of a restrictive covenant in a deed from plaintiffs to the defendants' predecessor in title. The case was tried to the court. The substance of the findings is as follows: That plaintiffs, copartners, subdivided blocks 1 and 2 in Burden and McAllister's subdivision in the village of Niagara, Marinette county, Wisconsin; that there were seventeen lots in block 1 and sixteen lots in block 2; that in January, 1925, E. A. McAllister, by purchase from E. A. Burden, became a subsequent grantee of most of the property in the subdivision; that defendants purchased from one James Webster, a subsequent grantee of the plaintiffs, lot 9, block 2, in said subdivision; that the deed contained the following restriction:
"That no building shall be erected on said premises except a private dwelling house and outbuildings thereof, and no building erected thereon shall at any time be used except for such purpose;" — *Page 232 that on February 21, 1920, plaintiffs parted with all legal and equitable title in lot 9, block 2, in said subdivision; that defendants, after purchasing said lot, laid a covering of concrete thereon and sunk two gasoline pumps to facilitate the operation of defendants' garage and automobile sales business maintained and conducted on lot 8, block 2; —
"that the evidence discloses no consistent policy of establishing a residential district designed for the beneficial interests of subsequent vendees of lots in the subdivision; some of the lots' in block two (2) are restricted against the erection of any building except a private dwelling house, but several of the lots in block two (2) were conveyed by deed containing no restriction;" —
that many business places, such as stores, taverns, and beauty parlors are located in block 2; that only five of the sixteen lots in block 2 are occupied by dwelling houses; that several of the business places in block 2 are owned or operated by the plaintiffs or either of them; that plaintiffs conveyed certain lots in said subdivision and reserved certain other lots without restriction; that plaintiffs acquiesced in the violation of the restrictive covenants by numerous other purchasers of lots in the subdivision; —
"that the laying of concrete over the ground of lot nine (9), "that the laying of concrete over the ground of lot nine (9), block two (2), in said subdivision, and the placing of two (2) gasoline pumps thereon is not a structure with the capacity to contain or designed for the habitation of man or animal or the sheltering of property;" —
that defendants erected no building upon said premises; that plaintiffs sustained no damage as the result of the acts of the defendants in laying said concrete and placing two gasoline pumps on said premises.
As conclusions of law the court found that the complaints of the plaintiffs are too inconsequential and trivial to warrant injunctional orders; that plaintiffs sustained no damage by the acts of the defendants; and that plaintiffs, by acquiescing *Page 233 in the violation of the restrictive covenants by others than the defendants, are estopped to enforce said restrictive covenant against these defendants. The court further held that the placing of concrete on the surface of lot 9, block 2, and the placing of two gasoline pumps thereon did not constitute the erection of a building.
In accordance with the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, judgment was entered April 19, 1941, dismissing the complaint on its merits with costs. The plaintiffs appeal. Additional material facts will be stated in the opinion. The following opinion was filed February 10, 1942: In September, 1919, plaintiffs were the owners of the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter (NE 1/4 of NW 1/4) of section fifteen (15), township thirty-eight (38) north, range twenty (20) east, in Marinette county. They prepared a plat of a part of said real estate along both sides of River street, in the village of Niagara. This plat was never recorded but is known as the Burden and McAllister addition (unrecorded) to the village of Niagara. That part of the property platted lying north of River street is designated "Block one," and is subdivided into seventeen lots. The part lying south of River street is designated "Block two," and is subdivided into sixteen lots.
It is alleged that the purpose and intention of the plaintiffs in including the restrictive covenant above quoted was to create a residential district within the platted area. The real-estate descriptions in the various deeds of conveyance were by metes and bounds. On February 21, 1920, the plaintiffs, then copartners under the trade name of Burden and *Page 234 McAllister Company, conveyed by deed to Walter Sadowicz lot 9, block 2, this description being by metes and bounds. This deed contained the restrictive covenant hereinbefore mentioned, and the deed was duly recorded. On March 29, 1920, Walter Sadowicz and wife conveyed said lot to one James Webster. This deed contained the following provision:
"Subject to the reservations, exceptions and conditions contained in all deeds of record through which said grantors, or either of them derive title to said premises, or any part thereof."
This deed was duly recorded. On June 29, 1936, Webster and wife by land contract agreed to convey said lot to the defendants, Alfred Doucette and Sylvia Doucette, his wife. The land contract contains the recital:
"Subject to all reservations and conditions contained in former deeds of record."
It is alleged that defendants have violated the restrictive covenant in that they have covered the surface of the northern portion of lot 9, block 2, with concrete and erected thereon two gasoline pumps. The prayer of the complaint is that defendants be ordered to remove said gasoline pumps; and that defendants, their agents, servants, employees, and assigns be perpetually restrained and enjoined from erecting or maintaining gasoline pumps on the land designated as lot 9, block 2, of the Burden and McAllister addition (unrecorded) to the village of Niagara; and such other and further relief as may be just and equitable.
The trial court found that the evidence discloses no consistent policy of establishing a residential district designed for the beneficial interests of subsequent vendees of lots in the subdivision; that some of the lots in block 2 are restricted against the erection of any building except a private dwelling house; that several of the lots in said block were conveyed by *Page 235 deeds containing no restriction. The appellants state the issues on this appeal as follows:
"(1) Are the defendants bound by the restrictive covenant in the deed from plaintiffs to their predecessor in title?
"(2) Does the erection of two gasoline pumps upon a concrete platform with a surrounding concrete driveway and underground gasoline tanks from which the public is served, constitute a violation of the covenant?"
In Ward v. Prospect Manor Corp. 188 Wis. 534, 538,206 N.W. 856, the court quotes the English rule as found in Peekv. Matthews, L.R. 3 Eq. 515, 517, as follows:
"If there is a general scheme for the benefit of a great number of persons, and then, either by permission or acquiescence, or by a long chain of things, the property has been either entirely or so substantially changed as that the whole character of the place or neighborhood has been altered so that the whole object for which the covenant was originally entered into must be considered to be at an end, then the covenanteeis not allowed to come into court for the purpose merely ofharassing and annoying some particular man where the courtcould see he was not doing it bona fide for the purpose of effectingthe object for which the covenant was originally enteredinto."
Following this statement of the English rule, this court said, p. 539:
"Modern authority has made a distinction between the rights of a proprietor in such respect and the rights of an individual lot owner, such distinction arising from the fact that the proprietor is or may be directly interested in violations of such covenants upon any part of the entire tract, and acquiescenceon his part may appropriately deny to him the equitableright to enforce the covenants; but a violation of a restrictive covenant at a point on a tract distant from the lot of an individual lot owner may be of no interest whatever to such an owner and cannot appropriately call for affirmative action *Page 236 on his part." Citing Bowen v. Smith, 76 N.J. Eq. 456,74 A. 675; Brigham v. H.G. Mulock Co. 74 N.J. Eq. 287,70 A. 185.
It will be observed in the instant case that plaintiffs are the original owners of the platted property. If they or either of them, as found by the trial court, conveyed several of the lots in block 2 without including the restrictive covenant, and acquiesced in the violation of the restrictive covenants by numerous other purchasers of lots in said subdivision, and further reserved for themselves individually title to other lots in the subdivision which contained no restrictive covenant, the trial court might very properly, in the exercise of its equity jurisdiction, in its discretion deny plaintiffs the equitable relief prayed for in this case. As conclusions of law the trial court found that the complaints of the plaintiffs are too inconsequential and trivial to warrant injunctional orders; that plaintiffs sustained no damage by any acts of the defendants; and that plaintiffs acquiesced in violation of the restrictive covenants by others than the defendants.
"It is well settled that when restrictive covenants are entered into with the design of carrying out a general schemefor the improvement and development of property they are enforceable by any grantee against any other grantee having notice. In such a case there is a consideration and mutuality of covenant binding upon each." Stein v. Endres HomeBuilders, Inc., 228 Wis. 620, 626, 280 N.W. 316, and cases cited.
In Schneider v. Eckhoff, 188 Wis. 550, 556,206 N.W. 838, with reference to the restrictions there under consideration, the court said:
"The serious question involved on this branch of the case consists of whether or not the evidence warrants the conclusion that the original grantors adopted a general plan or scheme which was designed not only for the benefit of the *Page 237 grantor's remaining property but also for the benefit of the various grantees of the lots or parcels sold and their successors or assigns."
So in the instant case does the evidence establish that the plaintiffs as original grantors did adopt a general plan or scheme designed not only for the benefit of the grantor's remaining property but also for the benefit of the various grantees of the lots or parcels sold and their successors or assigns? This question is one of intent. The intent cannot be determined solely by the fact that they included the restrictive covenant in some of the deeds of conveyance. It appears that only five of the sixteen lots in block 2 are occupied by dwelling houses. There are no restrictions of any kind indicated on the plat other than lot numbers and dimensions. Some deeds contained restrictions, others contained none. It cannot be said that the evidence warrants the conclusion that plaintiffs, the original grantors, adopted a general plan or scheme to create a residential district for the benefit of the various grantees of the lots in the platted area. No such plan or scheme has been carried out. It is considered that the facts as found by the trial court bring the case well within the rule as quoted above from Ward v. Prospect Manor Corp.,supra. Other questions are discussed in the briefs of counsel but in view of the conclusion reached there is no occasion for further discussion.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
A motion for a rehearing was denied, with $25 costs, on April 7, 1942. *Page 238