Personal injuries. This action was commenced on July 2, 1938, by Ervin Nayes, Jr., plaintiff, against the Milwaukee *Page 142 Electric Railway Light Company, a corporation, defendant, to recover damages for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained by the plaintiff due to the defendant's negligence.
On the 5th day of August, 1937, a bright clear day, the plaintiff took an eastbound streetcar on the West National avenue line and alighted therefrom at South Fifty-Sixth street. Fifty-Sixth street jogs where it crosses West National avenue. The east side of North Fifty-Sixth street is about a car length west of the west line of South Fifty-Sixth street. The streets cross at a slight angle, West National avenue running slightly northeast and southwest. Plaintiff alighted from the streetcar, passed around the rear end, listened for an approaching car from the east, and according to his testimony, when he had his right foot on the north rail of the eastbound track and was about to step ahead with his left foot, he stopped and stuck his head out to see if anything was coming, and was hit by the streetcar, his head and right shoulder coming in contact with a westbound car before he had a chance to withdraw.
The case was tried to a jury. The jury found that the defendant was negligent with respect to giving a timely warning of the approach of the westbound car, with respect to keeping the movement of said streetcar under proper control, with respect to speed with which the westbound car was operated, and that each of these acts of negligence was a cause of the collision, and that the motorman should have foreseen, in the exercise of ordinary care, that some injury might result from such negligence. The jury found the plaintiff negligent with respect to lookout, with respect to entering the pathway of the westbound car; that such acts of negligence were a cause of the accident, and that the plaintiff should, in the exercise of ordinary care, have foreseen that some injury might result from such negligence. They assessed his damages at $2,200, found that of all the causal negligence producing the accident, seventy-five per cent was *Page 143 due to the defendant's motorman and twenty-five per cent to the plaintiff.
There were the usual motions after verdict, the court denied defendant's motions and granted plaintiff's motion for judgment, which was entered accordingly on June 3, 1940, from which the defendant appeals. Further facts will be stated in the opinion. The following opinion was filed December 3, 1940: The jury found both the plaintiff and the defendant guilty of causal negligence. These findings must be sustained except as to causation as hereinafter stated. The question here is whether the negligence of the plaintiff was equal to or greater than that of the defendant. It appears from the evidence, stating it most favorably to the plaintiff, that the accident happened at 7:15 p.m. on a bright clear August day. Plaintiff was perfectly familiar with the location where the accident happened. He was on his way to visit a girl friend, and had alighted from cars at the same place at least twice a week for three months prior to the date of the accident. At the time he moved around the west or rear end of the eastbound car from which he alighted, he knew that he might expect oncoming traffic from the east, and says he listened but heard nothing. The width of the car was eight feet six inches. The track was standard gauge, four feet eight and one-half inches, the width of the rails three inches. The overhang of the car is twenty and one-half inches. The width of the space between the east and west-bound tracks, known as the dummy space, is four feet nine and five-eighths inches, measuring from the outside of each rail. The westbound car had an overhang of twenty and *Page 144 one-half inches. The clearance or passing space between the two cars, making no allowance for swaying, was one foot four and five-eighths inches. If, as plaintiff says, he had his right foot on the north rail and was in the act of stepping forward with his left foot, his head and shoulders when he was struck must have been more than three feet to the north of his right foot in order for the westbound car to strike him. This is a very unnatural position. While, it is not an impossible one, it casts some doubt upon plaintiff's statement. As plaintiff passed around the rear of the eastbound car he was in a place of safety. At the time he stepped forward to look, the eastbound car was either standing still or just starting up. When the plaintiff was struck by the westbound car he was thrown to the south of the westbound track, and after the accident lay in about the center of the eastbound track. This indicates that he was struck a glancing blow and was just entering the path of the westbound car. He was not thrown any distance and was not dragged. He testified that he saw the westbound car "just for the flash of an instant." When asked how far away the westbound car was when he saw it, he replied: "It must have been right there." The eastbound car was not a stationary object. If the plaintiff had waited but an instant, the eastbound car would have been on its way and he would have a clear vision of the traffic approaching from the east. Instead of that he stepped in front of the westbound car at a time when it was impossible for the motorman of the westbound car to do anything to prevent the accident. The jury found that the motorman was negligent with respect to keeping the car under control and with respect to speed. It is apparent that negligence in respect to keeping the car under control and speed could have contributed in no way to the plaintiff's injuries. No matter at what speed the westbound car was traveling, the plaintiff would have been hit just the same. The "flash of an instant" is certainly a very short period of time. The position in *Page 145 which plaintiff said his body was does not permit of any other conclusion.
It is considered therefore that the negligence of the motorman with respect to speed and control of his car had no causal relation to the plaintiff's injuries. With respect to the negligence of the motorman in failing to ring the bell, or as the verdict has it, to give timely warning, we are cited to no case which makes it the duty of the motorman to, ring a bell every time he meets a car moving in the opposite direction. Assuming, however, that he was under a duty to ring the bell and failed to do so, upon the whole case it is clear that of the whole causal negligence, that of the plaintiff in failing to keep a lookout and in entering the path of the west-bound car, was equal to or greater than that of the defendant in failing to give a timely warning. This conclusion results from a consideration of the verdict after the elimination of the finding of the jury with respect to speed and keeping the car under control for the reason that these acts have no causal connection with the accident.
By the Court. — The judgment appealed from is reversed, and cause remanded with directions to dismiss plaintiff's complaint.
A motion for a rehearing was denied, with $25 costs in one case, on March 11, 1941. *Page 146