Com. v. Payne, J.

J-S26018-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee

v.

JAMAL PAYNE

Appellant No. 3179 EDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered June 25, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0004095-2013

BEFORE: OLSON, STABILE, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED JULY 21, 2016

Appellant, Jamal Payne, appeals from the judgment of sentence the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County entered June 25, 2014,

following his convictions for third degree murder, conspiracy to commit third

degree murder, attempted murder, aggravated assault, conspiracy to

commit aggravated assault, carrying firearms without a license, carrying

firearms in Philadelphia, and possession of instrument of crime. On appeal,

Appellant raises weight and sufficiency of the evidence claims. Upon review,

we affirm.

____________________________________________

*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S26018-16

The trial court summarized the underlying procedural and factual

background in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, which we adopt here by

reference. Trial Court Opinion, 4/30/15, at 1-3.

On appeal, Appellant argues his multiple convictions are against the

weight of the evidence and based on insufficient evidence “because the

inferences drawn that [] Appellant was the shooter were unreasonable

inferences.” Appellant’s Brief at 6.1 We disagree.

Appellant’s contentions amount to no more than mere allegations of

error or abuse of discretion, requiring us to reweigh the evidence, making

credibility determinations in his favor, or substituting our judgment for that

____________________________________________

1
The issues for our review are stated as follows:

I. Whether the adjudication of guilt is against the weight of the
evidence and shocking to one’s sense of justice where the
ballistics evidence demonstrated that there was only one
shooter, where the first police [sic] on the scene were only
given a description of one shooter, where the Appellant’s
physical appearance did not match the description of the
shooter given by eyewitnesses, where the Appellant was
implicated years after the crime by unsubstantiated rumor,
where witnesses who gave statements to police were
motivated by self-preservation and gave inconsistent
statements and were witnesses admitted at trial that they had
lied to police.

II. Whether the Appellant’s convictions are based upon
insufficient evidence because the inferences drawn that the
Appellant was the shooter were unreasonable inferences.

Appellant’s Brief at 6.

-2-
J-S26018-16

of the trial court or the jury, all in disregard of our well-established

standards of review.2 We will not do so. See, e.g., Commonwealth v.

Sanchez, 36 A.3d 24, 39 (Pa. 2011); Commonwealth v. DeJesus, 860

A.2d 102, 107 (Pa. 2004).

To the extent Appellant raises reviewable weight and sufficiency of the

evidence claims, upon review of the record, the parties’ briefs, and the trial

____________________________________________

2
In reviewing a challenge to the weight of the evidence, we note that

[t]he weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact
who is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to
determine the credibility of the witnesses. An appellate court
cannot substitute its judgment for that of the finder of fact.
Thus, we may only reverse the lower court’s verdict if it is so
contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.
Moreover, where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim
below, an appellate court’s role is not to consider the underlying
question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. Rather, appellate review is limited to whether the trial
court palpably abused its discretion in ruling on the weight claim.

Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003) (citations
and quotation marks omitted).

In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we determine

whether the evidence at trial, and all reasonable inferences
derived therefrom, when viewed in the light most favorable to
the Commonwealth as verdict winner, are sufficient to establish
all elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. We may
not weigh the evidence or substitute our judgment for that of the
fact-finder.

Commonwealth v. Stevenson, 894 A.2d 759, 773 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citations omitted).

-3-
J-S26018-16

court opinion, we conclude the trial court adequately addressed these issues.

Trial Court Opinion, 4/30/15, at 3-16. Accordingly, we conclude Appellant’s

weight and sufficiency of the evidence claims are without merit, and affirm

the judgment of sentence. We direct that a copy of the trial court’s April 30,

2015 opinion be attached to any future filings in this case.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/21/2016

-4-
 Circulated 06/30/2016 02:51 PM

IN THE COURT OF COMM ON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY
TRIAL DIVISION - CRIMINAL SECTION

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COMMONWEAL TH OF PENNSYLVANIA
Cr;·~r'::·
c,·rc-,
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v. CP-51-CR-0004095-2013

JAMAL PAYNE CP-51-CR-0004095-2013 Comm v Payne, Jamal
Opinion

OPINION I
II I I II 111111111111111111
7288251811

CARPENTER, J. April 30, 2015

Defendant Jamal Payne ("Payne") was charged with and found guilty of Murder

of the Third Degree (F1), Conspiracy to Commit Murder of the Third Degree (F1 ),

Attempted Murder (F1 ), Aggravated Assault (F1 ), Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated

Assault (F1), Carrying Firearms Without a License ("VUFA § 6106") (F3), Carrying

Firearms on Public Property in Philadelphia ("VUFA § 6108") (M1), and Possession of

Instrument of Crime ("PIC") (M1) on bill of information CP-51-CR-0004095-2013. These

charges arose from a drive-by shooting on August 6, 2009 on the 700 block of South

55th Street in the City of Philadelphia which left Troy Travis dead and Tyree Cummings

injured. This court requests that the Superior Court uphold the convictions and affirm

the sentence imposed in this matter.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On March 11, 2014, Payne elected to exercise his right to a Jury trial and to plead

not guilty to the above listed charges. On March 17, 2014, the jury found Payne guilty

\
of the above listed charges and sentencing was deferred to June 25, 2014. On June

25, 2014, this court sentenced Payne to consecutive terms of imprisonment of 20-40

years for Murder of the Third Degree, 10-20 years for Attempted Murder, and 3.5-7

years for VUFA § 6106. He received no further penalty on the remaining charges. On

June 30, 2014, Payne filed a post-sentence motion, which was denied on October 29,

2014.

On November 12, 2014, this court received a Notice of Appeal and on January 7,

2015, upon completion of the notes of testimony, Payne was served an Order directing

him to file a concise statement of the matters complained of on appeal pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On January 21, 2015, this court received Payne's 1925(b) response

which raised the following issues on appeal:

1. The adjudication of guilt is against the weight of the evidence and
shocking to one's sense of justice where the ballistics evidence
demonstrated that there was only one shooter, where the first police on
the scene were only given a description of one shooter, where the
defendant's physical appearance did not match the description of the
shooter given by eyewitnesses, where the defendant was implicated years
after the crime by unsubstantiated rumor, where witnesses who gave
statements to police were motivated by self-preservation and gave
inconsistent statements, and where witnesses admitted at trial that they
lied to the police.

2. The defendant's convictions are based upon insufficient evidence because
the inferences drawn that the defendant was the shooter were
unreasonable inferences.

FACTS

On August 6, 2009, just after midnight, Donte Hack ("Hack") and his friends, Troy

Travis (Travis") and Tyree Cummings ("Cummings"), (collectively, the "Crowd") met up

after a basketball game at the Sherwood Recreational Center and gathered outside of a

2
home located at 712 South 561h Street in the City of Philadelphia. Shortly thereafter, the

defendant and an unidentified co-conspirator drove down Catharine Street and turned

onto South ss" Street. The co-conspirator, who was driving the car, continued

southbound toward the Crowd gathered in front of 712 South 561h Street. Hack observed

the vehicle slowing down as it neared the Crowd, and saw the defendant leaning out of

the passenger side window pointing a gun in the direction of the Crowd. As the co-

conspirator slowly drove past 712 South Fifty-Sixth Street, the defendant fired shots

from the passenger side window at the Crowd approximately fifteen feet away.

Hack immediately ducked down; when he looked up, Hack observed Travis

approximately five feet away with a gunshot wound to the head, and Cummings with a

gunshot wound to the hand. The defendant and his co-conspirator "took off." Hack and

Cummings began running; they ran approximately two blocks to Hack's home located at

5612 Cedar Avenue. Travis died at the scene and Cummings was taken to the hospital

with a gunshot wound to his right hand.

DISCUSSION

Sufficiencyof the evidence

The standard applied when reviewing the sufficiency of evidence is whether,

viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner,

there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime

beyond a reasonable doubt.1 ln applying this test, the Superior Court may not weigh

the evidence and substitute its judgment for that of the fact-finder. The facts and

1Com. v. Heberling, 678 A.2d 794, 795 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citing Com. v. Williams, 650 A.2d 420 (Pa.
1994)}.
3
 --
circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of

innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder

unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law, no probability

of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstance.2 The Commonwealth may

satisfy its burden of proving an element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt through

the use of wholly circumstantial evidence. In applying the test, the whole record must

be evaluated and all evidence received must be considered.' Additionally, any

challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence must specify the element or elements upon

which the evidence was insufficient; otherwise the claim is waived.4

On appeal, the defendant asserts that his convictions are based upon insufficient

evidence. This claim ls without merit as the evidence introduced at trial was more than

sufficient to support Payne's convictions for Murder of the Third Degree, Conspiracy to

Commit Murder of the Third Degree, Attempted Murder, Aggravated Assault,

Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault, VUFA § 6106, VUFA § 6108, and PIG.

At trial, the jury heard testimony from Donte Hack, Tyree Cummings, Norman

Mapp, numerous police officers and detectives, as well as the medical examiner, Dr.

Collins. The testimony of eye-witness Hack established that, during the early morning of

August 6, 2009, Hack was with a group of people outside of 712 South 56th Street when

he observed the defendant and his co-conspirator driving southbound on South 56th

Street. Hack saw the vehicle slow down as it neared 712 South 55th Street and

observed the defendant leaning out of the passenger side window with a gun pointed in

the direction of the Crowd. Moments later, as the co-conspirator drove past 712 South

2
Com. v. Cassidy, 668 A.2d 1143, 1144 (Pa. Super. 1995).
3Com.
v. Va/ette, 613 A.2d 548, 549 (Pa. 1992).
4
Com. v. Williams. 959 A.2d 1252, 1257 (Pa. Super. 2008).

4
 --
561h Street, Hack saw the defendant shooting at the Crowd. Later that morning, Hack

described the shooter and his co-conspirator in a signed statement to detectives. In

September 2011, Hack gave a subsequent statement to detectives and identified Payne

in a photo array as the "shooter in the car." Hack also identified Payne in a photograph

in front of the grand jury on September 20, 2012.5 Although, at trial, Hack disavowed

some of the averments he previously made, the jury was able to evaluate the credibility

of Hack's initial statement to detectives, his testimony in front of the grand jury, his

testimony at the preliminary hearing, as well as his testimony at trial in making its

assessment of the evidence presented.

Eyewitness Cummings' August 7, 2009 statement to detectives corroborated that

of Hack with regard to the date, time, and location of the shooting as well Payne's

conduct in riding southbound on South 561h Street and shooting at the Crowd outside of

712 South 561h Street from the front passenger window. Further, Cummings' March 1,

201 O statement to detectives corroborated Hack's identification of Payne as the shooter.

During the direct examination of Detective Gaul, the prosecutor introduced the

following portion of Cummings' August 7, 2009 statement:

[DETECTIVE GAUL]: Mr. Cummings, could you please go on in your own
words and tell us what happened.
[MR. CUMMINGS]: Everybody was hanging out by the house at 714
South Fifty-Sixth Street. Everybody hangs in front of that house because
nobody lives there. While we were hanging out there, a car came down
Fifty-Sixth Street from Catharine Street. The car was heading up Fifty-
Sixth Street towards where the rec and the pool is. Then as the car was
going by us, a boy was hanging out of the passenger side and he had a
gun. He started firing and everyone started scattering. l got hit.6

5
Hack did not, however, identify Payne at the March 27, 2013 preliminary hearing.
6
N.T. 3/13/2015 at 62:5-24.

5
During the direct examination of Detective Verrecchio, the prosecutor introduced the

following portion of Cummings' March 1, 2010 statement in which he identified Payne as

the shooter:

DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Who is this person that shot you and Troy
Travis?
MR. CUMMINGS: His name is Mal. He's from Lansdowne.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Did you know this person's name when you
were previously interviewed?
MR. CUMMINGS: I knew who it was but I didn't know his name.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: How long have you known Mal?
MR. CUMMINGS: I've known him since December of 2008.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: What was the reason for the shooting, if you
know?
MR. CUMMINGS: I really don't know. We was just out there having fun.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Did you hear anything about a girl getting
dunked in a pool that day?
MR. CUMMINGS: No.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Detective Gaul is showing you a photo array
consisting of eight similar looking males. Do you recognize any of these
males?
MR. CUMMINGS: Yes. The one right here, pointing to the picture of the
defendant Jamal Payne.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: What did you see this male do?
MR. CUMMINGS: He was the one hanging out the window shooting at us
when I got shot and [Travis] was killed.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Have you spoken to him since this incident?
MR. CUMMINGS: No.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: "Who else saw that it was Mal from
Lansdowne that night?"
MR. CUMMINGS: We all knew that night.
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Who was all there when it happened?"
MR. CUMMINGS: Me, Ham, Donte and Spence."
DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: How do you know that they knew it was Mal
from Lansdowne that night?"
MR. CUMMINGS: Because after we all got back we talked and we all saw
who it was.7

DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Why didn't you tell us who it was when you
were first interviewed?

7
N.T. 3/13/2015 at 98-100.

6
 MR. CUMMINGS: Because I didn't want to go to court. I don't want to be
called a snitch. Snitches get killed in my neighborhood.

DETECTIVE VERRECCHIO: Do you know which person shot you in your
hand?"
MR. CUMMINGS: I got hit by the car shooter.8

Although, at trial, Cummings disavowed many of the averments made in both

statements to detectives, they were properly admitted as evidence at trial through the

respective testimony of Detective Gaul and Detective Verrecchia.

The testimony of Detective Gaul further corroborated Cummings' and Hack's

identification of Payne as the shooter. At trial, Detective Gaul testified about his August

27, 2009 conversation with Norman Mapp, a former acquaintance of Travis and

Cummings, who had knowledge of the incident and of the individuals involved. Gaul

testified that, shortly after the shooting, Cummings told Mapp "he knew who shot hirn'"

and that it was "Jamal from Lansdowne."? Mapp also indicated that "everybody knew

as far as who was responsible for it."11 At trial, Detective Verrecchia substantiated

Cummings' reference to the shooter as "Jamal from Lansdowne" by confirming that, at

the time of the shooting, Payne resided at 5705 Lansdowne Avenue.

Finally, the collective testimony of Officer Fox, who recovered nine (9) fired

cartridge casings scattered from South 561h Street to below Webster Street, and Officer

Taggart, who retrieved bullets from inside a home located at 710 South ss" Street, from

the front passenger tire of a vehicle parked near 712 South se" Street, and from the

front porch of 712 South 561h Street, further established that shots were fired on South

55th Street. The testimony of Officer Stott confirmed that all nine (9) fired cartridge

8
N.T. 3/13/2015 at 101:7-24.
9
N.T. 3/13/2015 at 74:23.
10
N.T. 3(13/2015 at 75:5-6.
11
N.T. 3/13/2015 at 71 :20-21.

7
casings which were scattered on the sidewalk and street from 712 South 55th Street to

below Webster Street were fired from the same firearm. Further, Officer Stott's

testimony confirmed the actions of Payne shooting from a moving car traveling

southbound on South 561h Street. Lastly, Dr. Collins' testimony established that Travis

sustained a single gunshot wound to his head, which perforated his brain causing his

death.

In consideration of the eye-witness accounts which established that Payne

traveled down South 561h Street and began shooting at the Crowd outside of 712 South

55th Street and then fled in a vehicle driven by his co-conspirator, in conjunction with the

wounds inflicted on the two victims, the evidence supported the jury's finding that Payne

was the shooter. As such, this court, in viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth, has determined that the evidence was

sufficient to enable the jury to find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Payne was guilty of

Murder of the Third Degree, Conspiracy, Attempted Murder, Aggravated Assault, VUFA

§ 6106, VUFA § 6108, and PIC.

Murder of the Third Degree (victim Troy Travis)

To convict a person of Murder of the Third Degree (F1 ), the Commonwealth must

prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he committed an unlawful killing with malice, but
12
without the specific intent to kill, and not in the course of a felonious act. Malice may

be found to exist not only in an intentional killing, but also in an unintentional homicide

where the perpetrator "consciously disregarded an unjustified and extremely high risk

18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(c); Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215, 1219 (Pa. Super 2011); See also;
12

Commonwealth v Santos, 876 A.2d 360, 363-64 (2005).

8
that his actions might cause death or serious bodily harm."13 Additionally, malice may

be inferred from the use of a deadly weapon upon a vital part of the victim's body.14

Here, the testimony of Hack and Cummings established that Payne leaned out of

the passenger side window of a car with a gun pointed in the direction of the Crowd

outside of 712 South 56th Street. As the vehicle neared the Crowd, the driver slowed

down while Payne shot at the people standing outside; he struck Cummings in his hand

and Travis in his head. In doing so, Payne consciously disregarded an unjustified and

extremely high risk that his actions might cause death or serious bodily injury when he

fired shots at the Crowd and fatally struck Travis in his head, a vital part of the body.

Because malice can be inferred from the use of a deadly weapon upon a vital part of the

victim's body, these facts are sufficient to support Payne's conviction for Murder of the

Third Degree.

Conspiracy (victims Troy Travis and Tyree Cummings)

To convict a person of conspiracy, the Commonwealth must prove that: (1) he

entered into an agreement with another to commit or aid in the commission of a crime;

(2) he shared the criminal intent with that other person; and (3) an overt act was

committed in furtherance of the conspiracy.15 The Superior Court has clarified that "an

explicit or formal agreement to commit crimes can seldom, if ever, be proved and it

need not be, for proof of a criminal partnership is almost invariably extracted from the

circumstances that attend its activities.v'" The Court has further opined that the "overt

13 Com. v. Young, 431 A.2d 230, 232 (Pa. 1981) (citing Com. v. Hare, 404 A.2d 388, 391 (Pa. 1979)).
14
Com. v. Thomas, 54 A.3d 332, 335-36 (Pa. 2012).
15
Com. v. Knox, 50 A.3d 749, 755 (Pa. Super. 2012).
16
Com. v. Knox, 50 A.3d 749, 755 (Pa. Super. 2012).
9
 .. -...

act need not be committed by the defendant; it need only be committed by a co-

conspirator."17 With regard to murder of the third degree, the Supreme Court of

Pennsylvania has set forth that "one does not conspire to commit a denominated

offense; one conspires to engage in certain conduct. "18 As such, a conspiracy to

commit murder of the third degree is supported when there is a conspiracy to commit

the conduct leading to the death of the victim and such conduct is being carried out with

the mental state of malice.19

Here, the evidence presented at trial demonstrated that Payne armed himself

with a gun and sat in the passenger seat of a car driven by his co-conspirator. The co-

conspirator drove toward the Crowd outside of 712 South 56th Street, slowing down as

they neared the group. Payne then shot at the Crowd approximately fifteen feet away,

striking Travis in his head and Cummings in his hand. The co-conspirator then sped off.

Payne's actions before and after the shooting were sufficient to support his convictions

for Conspiracy.

Attempted Murder (victim Tyree Cummings)

To convict a person of Attempted Murder (F1), the Commonwealth must prove

beyond a reasonable doubt that he, with a specific intent to kill, took a substantial step

toward committing a homlclde" The Pennsylvania courts have held that a specific

intent to kill may be inferred from the circumstances surrounding an unlawful killing,

17
Id.
18
Com. v. Fisher, 80 A.3d 1186, 1195 (Pa. 2013).
19 /d.
2° Com. v. Robertson, 874 A.2d 1200, 1207 (Pa. 2005) (citing Com. v. Hobson, 604 A.2d 717, 719-20
(Pa. Super. 1992).

10
particularly if the defendant used a deadly weapon to inflict injury to a vital part of the

victim's body.21

Here, Payne leaned out of the passenger side window of a car driven by a co-

conspirator and pointed a gun in the direction of the Crowd outside of 712 South 561h

Street. As the vehicle neared the Crowd, the co-conspirator slowed down and Payne

shot at the Crowd, striking Cummings in his hand and Travis in the head. The

circumstances of this shooting - Payne arming himself with a gun, targeting the Crowd

outside of 712 South 561h Street, slowing down as they drove closer, and shooting at the

Crowd from the passenger side window - support an inference of Payne's specific

intent to kill. Accordingly, the facts are sufficient to support the conviction of Attempted

Murder (F1).

Aggravated Assault (victim Tyree Cummings)

To convict a person of Aggravated Assault (F1 ), the Commonwealth must prove

beyond a reasonable doubt that he attempted to cause serious bodily injury to another,

that he had the specific intent to cause serious bodily injury, and that he took a

substantial step toward perpetrating serious bodily injury on the victim.22 The courts of

this Commonwealth have held that evidence of a defendant's "intent to inflict serious

bodily injury" can "be gleaned from the other circumstances surrounding" the

defendant's attack on the victim.23

21
Com. v. Robertson, 874 A.2d 1200, 1207 (Pa. 2005) (citing Com. v. Geathers, 847 A.2d 730, 737 (Pa.
Super. 2004).
22
18 Pa.C.S. 2702(a)(1); Com. v. Fortune, 68 A.3d 980, 988 (Pa. Super. 2013).
23
Com. v. Burton, 2 A.3d 598, 602 {Pa. Super. 2010) (citing Com. v. Alexander, 383 A.2d 887 (Pa.
1978)).

11
 ·~·.

Here, the testimony of Cummings and Hack established that Payne armed

himself with a gun and rode toward the Crowd outside of 712 South 561h Street. Payne

then fired into the Crowd approximately fifteen feet away and struck Cummings in his

hand and Travis in his head. These facts are sufficient support Payne's conviction for

Aggravated Assault.

VUFA § 6106. VUFA § 6108

To convict a person of VUFA § 6106, the Commonwealth must prove beyond a

reasonable doubt that he carried a firearm in any vehicle or concealed on or about his

person, except in his place of abode or fixed place of business, without a valid and

lawfully issued license.24 To convict a person of VUFA § 6108, the Commonwealth

must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he carried a firearm at any time upon the

public streets or upon any public property in a city of the first class without a license to

carry a firearm or without a licensing exemption.25

Here, the testimony of Hack and Cummings established that Payne leaned out of

the passenger side window of car traveling southbound on South 561h Street with a gun

pointed in the direction of the Crowd outside of 712 South 561h Street. Additionally, at

trial, the Commonwealth presented a certificate of non-licensure for Payne establishing

that he was not licensed to carry a firearm on August 6, 2009.26 These facts are

sufficient to support both VUFA convictions.

24
18 Pa.C.S. § 6106{a).
25
18 Pa.C.S. § 6108.
26
N.T. 3/13/2014 at 155: 6-17.

12
 . .-.....

To convict a person of PIG, the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable

doubt that he possessed an instrument of crime with intent to employ it criminally.27 The

statute defines an "instrument of crime" as (1) anything specially made or specially

adapted for criminal use or (2) anything used for criminal purposes and possessed by

the actor under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for lawful uses it may have.28

Here, the testimony of Hack and Cummings established that Payne leaned out of the

passenger seat window of a car traveling southbound on South 561h Street and pointed

a firearm at the Crowd standing outside of 712 South 561h Street. These facts are

sufficient to support the conviction for PlC.

Weight of the evidence

The standard of review for a challenge to the weight of evidence is well settled in

Pennsylvania. The fact finder is the exclusive judge of the weight of evidence, is free to

believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented, and determines the credibility of the

witnesses.29 An appellate court cannot substitute its judgment for that of the fact

finder.30 A verdict will be reversed and a new trial granted only where the verdict is so

contrary to the evidence as to "shock one's sense of justice."31 A new trial should not

be granted because of a mere conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the

same facts would have come to another conclusion.32 Pennsylvania appellate courts

27
18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).
28
18 Pa.C.S. § 907(d).
29
Com. v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2004).
30 Id.
31
Com. v. Passmore, 857 A.2d 697, 708 (Pa. Super. 2004).
32
Thompson v. City of Philadelphia, 493 A.2d 669, 673 {Pa. 1985).

13
have repeatedly emphasized that "[oJne of the least assailable reasons for granting or

denying a new trial is the lower court's conviction that the verdict was or was not against

the weight of the evidence. "33 Additionally, a challenge to the weight of the evidence

that is too vague to allow the court to identify the issue raised on appeal is deemed to

be waived.34

On appeal, Payne asserts that the adjudication of guilt is against the weight of

the evidence and shocking to one's sense of justice where the ballistics evidence

demonstrated that there was only one shooter, where the first police on the scene were

only given a description of one shooter, where the defendant's physical appearance did

not match the description of the shooter given by eyewitnesses, where the defendant

was implicated years after the crime by unsubstantiated rumor, where witnesses who

gave statements to police were motivated by self-preservation and gave inconsistent

statements, and where witnesses admitted at trial that they lied to the police. This court

similarly disagrees with this claim, having found the weight of the evidence to support

the jury's verdict.

At trial, the jury heard testimony from two eyewitnesses, Donte Hack and Tyree

Cummings, both of whom independently identified Payne as the shooter to law

enforcement. Although the trial testimony of Hack and Cummings was not entirely

consistent with their previous statements to law enforcement, a mere conflict in the

testimony does not warrant the grant of a new trial. Further, the jury heard testimony

from Or. Collins, the firearms examiner, and numerous members of the Philadelphia

Police Department which corroborated the eye-witnesses' collective account of the

33 See Com. v. Forbes, 867 A.2d 1268, 1273 (Pa. Super. 2005); See also Com. v. Brown, 648 A.2d 1177
tPa. 1994).
4
Com. v. Seibert, 799 A.2d 54, 62 (Pa. Super. 2002).

14
shooting. The jury, as the fact-finder, assessed the credibility of each witness and was

free to believe all, part, or none of their testimony at trial when making the relevant

factual determinations.

When this court charged the jury prior to deliberations, the jury was given the

following instruction:

Remember, as the sole judges of credibility and fact, you the jurors are
responsible to give the testimony of every witness and all the other
evidence whatever credibility and weight you think it deserves. Now, if you
find that there is a conflict in the testimony, the jury has the duty of
deciding which testimony to believe, but you should first try to reconcile --
that is, fit together -- any conflicts in the testimony if you can fairly do so.

Discrepancies and conflicts between the testimony of different witnesses
may or may not cause you to disbelieve some or all of their testimony.
Remember that two or more persons witnessing an incident may see or
hear it happen differently. Also, it is not uncommon for a witness to be
innocently mistaken in his or her recollection of how something happened.
lf you cannot reconcile a conflict in the testimony, it is up to you to decide
which testimony, if any, to believe and which to reject as untrue or
inaccurate. In making this decision, consider whether the conflict involves
a matter of importance or merely some unimportant detail and whether the
conflict is brought about by an innocent mistake or by an intentional
falsehood. You should also keep in mind the other factors already
discussed which go into deciding whether or not to believe a witness. In
deciding which of conflicting testimony to believe, you should not
necessarily be swayed by the number of witnesses on either side of an
issue. You may find that the testimony of a few witnesses, even of just one
witness, is more believable than the opposing testimony on a particular
issue of a greater number of witnesses. On the other hand, you should
also consider the extent to which conflicting testimony is supported by
other evidence.35

The jury was properly instructed by this court on assessing the testimony and the

verdict returned against Payne illustrated that the jury found the eye-witnesses to be at

least partially credible. Although this court acknowledged the inconsistencies in the

witnesses' testimony, this court cannot isolate eyewitness testimony from the testimony

35 N.T. 3/14/2014 at 16:25;17:2-25;18:2-16

15
provided by five police officers and two detectives, as well as all other material evidence

admitted at trial. The determination of whether the jury verdict is against the weight of

the evidence requires an assessment of all of the evidence presented at trial, so while

inconsistencies or bias may exist in certain witness testimony, it does not mandate a

finding that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. Further, the jury verdict,

reflecting the jury's assessment of the weight of the evidence, was not so contrary to the

evidence presented at trial as to "shock one's sense of justice." Therefore, this court

finds no merit in Payne's challenge to the weight of the evidence presented at trial.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth in this Opinion, the Superior Court should affirm the

jury's finding of guilt and the sentence imposed in this matter.

16
First Judicial District of Pennsylvania
Honorable Linda A. Carpenter
1418 Criminal Justice Center
1301 Filbert Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107

Commonwealth v. Jamal Payne
CP-51-CR-0004095-2013

Date: April 30, 2015

PROOF OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that I am this day serving the foregoing upon the person(s), and in the manner
indicated below, which service satisfies the requirements of Pa. R. Crim. P. 114:

Defense Counsel/Party: Gary Server, Esq.
52103 Delaire Landing Road
Philadelphia, PA 19114.

Type of Service: ( ) Personal ( X ) First Class Mail ( ) Other, please specify: _

District Attorney: Hugh J. Burns, Jr., Esq.
Philadelphia District Attorney's Office
Three South Penn Square
Philadelphia, PA 19107 - 3499

Type of Service: ( ) Personal ( X ) First Class Mail ( ) Other, please specify: _

1Aet Brinkman