[Cite as State v. Amegatcher, 2016-Ohio-5198.]
COURT OF APPEALS
DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081
FREDERIQUE AMEGATCHER
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Municipal Court,
Case No. 13 CRB 00523
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 2, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
ELIZABETH MATUNE TODD A. WORKMAN
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY WORKMAN LAW FIRM
70 North Union 35 North Sandusky Street
Delaware, Ohio 43015 Delaware, Ohio 43015
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Frederique Amegatcher appeals the decision of the Delaware
County Municipal Court, which denied her postsentence motion to vacate a prior plea of
guilty to the offense of domestic violence. Appellee is the State of Ohio. The relevant
procedural facts leading to this appeal are as follows:
{¶2} On or about March 18, 2013, Appellant Amegatcher, a United States
resident and a citizen of France, was arrested and charged with two counts of domestic
violence, two counts of assault, two counts of child endangering, and two counts of
persistent disorderly conduct. All were charged as misdemeanors. Appellant then
appeared in the Delaware County Municipal Court for the purpose of arraignment. At that
time, she entered pleas of not guilty to all eight charges.
{¶3} On April 10, 2013, appellant appeared in court with counsel for a pretrial
and change of plea hearing. At that time, appellant entered a plea of guilty to a single
misdemeanor count of domestic violence, R.C. 2919.25(A). All other charges were
dismissed. Appellant was sentenced to twenty-seven days in jail, with twenty-seven days
of jail credit for time already served. She was also placed on probation/community control
for eighteen months.
{¶4} In October 2014, appellant's period of community control was complete and
she was released from further obligations to the trial court.
{¶5} On January 21, 2015, appellant filed an application to have her conviction
sealed. However, because she was determined not to be an eligible offender, her motion
to seal was denied by the trial court on February 25, 2015.
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 3
{¶6} On May 20, 2015, appellant was detained and placed into removal status
by the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency. She was eventually
released pending a final hearing on her immigration status.
{¶7} On July 6, 2015, in the Delaware County Municipal Court, appellant filed an
“Emergency Motion to Vacate Guilty Plea.” The basis of her motion was that her trial
counsel had failed to inform her of the potential immigration consequences of her guilty
plea. The trial court conducted a hearing on said motion on August 14, 2015. Subsequent
to this hearing, at the direction of the trial court, the State filed a memorandum contra and
appellant filed a memorandum in support. No further hearings were held on the matter.
{¶8} On September 17, 2015 the trial court issued a judgment entry denying
appellant's motion to vacate her guilty plea.
{¶9} Appellant filed a notice of appeal on October 15, 2015. She herein raises
the following sole Assignment of Error:
{¶10} “I. APPELLANT'S RIGHTS TO THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL GUARANTEED UNDER SECTION 10, ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO
CONSTITUTION, AND SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED
STATES CONSTITUTION WERE VIOLATED.”
I.
{¶11} In her sole Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred in
denying her motion to withdraw her prior guilty plea to domestic violence, maintaining that
she was deprived of the effective assistance of trial counsel during the 2013 plea
proceedings. We disagree.
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 4
{¶12} Crim.R. 32.1 states as follows: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no
contest may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice
the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the
defendant to withdraw his or her plea.”
{¶13} Appellate review of a trial court's decision under Crim.R. 32.1 is limited to a
determination of whether the trial court abused its discretion. State v. Caraballo (1985),
17 Ohio St.3d 66, 477 N.E.2d 627. In order to find an abuse of that discretion, we must
determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and
not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 450 N.E.2d 1140. Ineffective assistance of counsel can form the basis for a claim of
manifest injustice to support withdrawal of a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. See
State v. Dalton, 153 Ohio App.3d 286, 292, 2003–Ohio–3813, ¶ 18. A Crim.R. 32.1 motion
is not a collateral challenge to the validity of a conviction or sentence, and instead only
focuses on the plea. See State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235, 773 N.E.2d 522, 2002–Ohio–
3993, ¶ 13. However, under the “manifest injustice” standard, a post-sentence withdrawal
motion is allowable only in extraordinary cases. See State v. Aleshire, Licking App.No.
09–CA–132, 2010–Ohio–2566, ¶ 60.
{¶14} A defendant in a criminal case has a Sixth Amendment right to the effective
assistance of counsel when deciding whether to enter a guilty plea. See State v.
Galdamez, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 14AP-527, 41 N.E.3d 467, 473, 2015-Ohio-3681, ¶ 15,
citing McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 771, 90 S.Ct. 1441, 25 L.Ed.2d 763 (1970)
(additional citations omitted). Moreover, the United States Supreme Court has recognized
that “[t]he severity of deportation *** only underscores how critical it is for counsel to inform
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 5
her noncitizen client that he faces a risk of deportation.” Padilla v. Kentucky (2010), 559
U.S. 356, 373-374, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284.
{¶15} In the case sub judice, appellant’s defense attorney handling her plea in
2013 averred in a sworn affidavit that he was aware at the time that appellant “was from
France,” and that she had legally entered the United States. See Exh. 1, ¶ 8. But said
defense counsel admitted that he had not ascertained her immigration status and had not
reviewed the applicable immigration statute, 8 U.S.C. 1227 (a)(2)(E)(i). Id.1 He also
admitted that “I do not recall if I advised Ms. Amegatcher about the immigration
consequences or (sic) her plea, but if I did so, it was to advise her that I am not an expert
in immigration law and that she should consult an expert if she had any concerns." Exh.
1, ¶ 7.
{¶16} Furthermore, appellant herself averred that had she known at the time in
question that entering her guilty plea made her deportable under federal law, and that she
“had an affirmative defense,” she never would have agreed to enter her guilty plea. See
Exh. 2, ¶ 11.
{¶17} However, appellant herein does not dispute that at the 2013 plea hearing,
prior to accepting her plea, the trial court asked appellant: "Do [you] understand that a
criminal conviction could lead to your deportation, your exclusion from readmission to the
United States, or the denial of your naturalization under U.S. laws. Do you understand?"
1 The federal statute mentioned states that any alien convicted of domestic violence after
admission into the United States is “deportable.”
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 6
Appellant answered in the affirmative. The trial court then inquired: "And you still wish to
enter a guilty plea to this charge today?" Appellant again answered in the affirmative.2
{¶18} The trial court’s questioning of appellant regarding the possible deportation
consequences of her plea was based on R.C. 2943.031(A), which states in pertinent part:
Except as provided in division (B) of this section, prior to accepting a
plea of guilty or a plea of no contest to an indictment, information, or
complaint charging a felony or a misdemeanor other than a minor
misdemeanor if the defendant previously has not been convicted of or
pleaded guilty to a minor misdemeanor, the court shall address the
defendant personally, provide the following advisement to the defendant
that shall be entered in the record of the court, and determine that the
defendant understands the advisement: ‘If you are not a citizen of the United
States, you are hereby advised that conviction of the offense to which you
are pleading guilty (or no contest, when applicable) may have the
consequences of deportation, exclusion from admission to the United
States, or denial of naturalization pursuant to the laws of the United States.’
***.”
{¶19} The Ohio Supreme Court has held that “substantial compliance” is the
proper standard when reviewing whether a trial court complied with the notification
2 The record before us does not include a transcribed copy of the 2013 plea hearing.
We note R.C. 2943.031(E) provides that “[i]n the absence of a record that the court
provided the advisement described in division (A) of this section and if the advisement is
required by that division, the defendant shall be presumed not to have received the
advisement.” However, based on the State’s unrefuted assertion and quotations set forth
as page 3 of its response brief, we find grounds to overcome the aforesaid presumption.
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 7
requirements contained in R.C. 2943.031(A). See State v. Francis, 104 Ohio St.3d 490,
820 N.E.2d 355, 2004–Ohio–6894, ¶¶ 45–46, ¶ 78.
{¶20} The trial court’s compliance at the plea hearing with the requirement of R.C.
2943.031 thus distances the instant case from the concerns of the United States Supreme
Court in Padilla, supra. As we emphasized in State v. Gallegos-Martinez, 5th Dist.
Delaware No. 10-CAA-06-0043, 2010-Ohio-6463, the Kentucky court in Padilla did not
advise the defendant at all of the possible immigration consequences of his plea and
conviction, and defense counsel in that case had allegedly misadvised him that he “did
not have to worry about immigration status since he had been in the country for so long.”
Id. at ¶ 22, citing Padilla, 130 S.Ct. 1473 at 1477. Furthermore, the Padilla Court focused
on the “deficient performance” portion of the two-pronged standard for ineffective
assistance claims as set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct.
2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. Ultimately, the United States Supreme Court remanded the matter
for further review of whether Mr. Padilla could establish prejudice under the second prong
of Strickland. Interestingly, just before the end of the majority opinion, the Court further
noted that “many States require trial courts to advise defendants of possible immigration
consequences,” and included R.C. 2943.031, supra, in its list of examples. Padilla at f.n.
15.
{¶21} In the case sub judice, in regard to the “prejudice” prong of Strickland, we
find it unconvincing for appellant to maintain that if she had only been warned about the
potential immigration consequences of her plea, would not have pled guilty, when she
was in fact duly informed of such consequences by the trial court itself under R.C.
2943.031, and her guilty plea was entered subsequent to such notification.
Delaware County, Case No. 15 CAC 10 0081 8
{¶22} Accordingly, under the circumstances of the case sub judice, we are
unpersuaded the trial court abused its discretion in declining to find a manifest injustice
warranting the extraordinary step of negating appellant's prior plea to domestic violence.
{¶23} Appellant’s sole Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.
{¶24} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the decision of the
Municipal Court of Delaware County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Farmer, P. J., and
Delaney, J., concur.
JWW/d 0713