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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
v. :
:
JOELL HILTON, :
:
Appellant : No. 2286 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 25, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0010193-2014
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 12, 2016
Appellant, Joell Hilton, appeals from the Judgment of Sentence entered
on June 25, 2015, in the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia County after
he was convicted, following a bench trial, of Aggravated Assault, Carrying a
Firearm in Philadelphia, Carrying a Firearm Without a License, and
Possessing an Instrument of Crime.1 After careful review, we conclude that
the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to support Appellant’s
convictions. Accordingly, we affirm.
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S. § 2702; 18 Pa.C.S. § 6108; 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106; and 18 Pa.C.S.
§ 907 respectively.
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The underlying facts, as summarized in the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P.
1925(a) Opinion are as follows:
At trial, the Commonwealth introduced evidence that on August
21, 2014, at approximately 11:45 a.m., uniformed Philadelphia
Police Officer William Mathieu responded to a radio call of a
“person with a gun” at the publicly operating “Chuck’s Alibi”
family restaurant located at 1001 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia,
PA. Restaurant staff immediately directed Officer Mathieu to a
back prep room, where the complainant, restaurant worker,
Marad Stafford, sat dazed nursing his bruised left eye with ice.
The complainant reported that his sister’s boyfriend, whom he
knew as “Joell,” had threatened him with a gun and struck him
multiple times in the face and head in the back room area
restricted to employees. Other on scene witnesses reported that
[Appellant] fled the restaurant after the unprovoked attack in a
Jeep Liberty or Cherokee.
While police officers gathered information at the scene,
[Appellant] called the victim’s cellular telephone. Officer Mathieu
spoke to [Appellant] on this phone and gathered his biographical
data. [Appellant] told the officer that he and Marad Stafford
argued regarding the whereabouts of Marad’s sister and
[Appellant’s] belongings. [Appellant] denied having or using a
gun. After receiving eyewitness information, Officer Mathieu
viewed the restaurant’s internal surveillance video at the scene.
He testified that the video “clearly depicted [Appellant] having a
gun, and striking the complainant at least twice. . .” The
complainant was transported to Einstein Medical Center for
medical treatment of his orbital bone fractures and facial
hematoma.
Later, during the afternoon of August 21, 2014, Philadelphia
Police Officer McCue, while working plain clothes, set up
surveillance near [Appellant’s] address. At approximately 3:15
p.m., Officer McCue observed [Appellant] exit the passenger side
of a black Chevy Impala occupied by another male and walk
towards his residence of 6612 Lynford Street, Philadelphia, PA.
When Officer McCue identified himself to [Appellant] and asked
him to show his hands, [Appellant] replied that he did not have
“his” gun on him. When Officer McCue placed [Appellant] in
handcuffs, [Appellant] stated that “he knew what this was
about.”
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At trial, both the victim, Marad Stafford, and his restaurant
manager, Christopher Mapp, unequivocally identified [Appellant]
as the perpetrator of the unprovoked assault and brandishing of
a firearm. From approximately a foot of distance, Mr. Mapp
observed [Appellant] “raise a silver pistol with a black handle
and point it backwards and then point it to Marad’s head.” In
response, Mr. Mapp immediately ran to retrieve his legitimately
owned firearm from his private automobile while calling for
police assistance.
Mr. Mapp, an experienced gun owner, testified credibly that he
had recognized [Appellant’s] firearm to be a Smith & Wesson
make or model with a possible .44 caliber snub nose. Mr. Mapp
reported that he had observed a black Jeep S.U.V. speeding
from the restaurant parking lot immediately after the observed
confrontation. He found Marad Stafford in the back room
profusely bleeding “from the left side of his face, closer to the
eye and on the ground stumbling around like he had a head
injury.”
Marad Stafford testified that [Appellant], whom he knew as his
sister’s boyfriend for the preceding year, had walked
unannounced into the area restricted to employees where he
was working as a prep cook. [Appellant] angrily demanded that
Mr. Stafford call his adult sister to return [Appellant’s] personal
belongings. [Appellant] argued that Marad’s sister removed
[Appellant’s] things and their minor child when she left
[Appellant’s] residence earlier that morning. [Appellant]
threatened Marad Stafford repeatedly and told him that if he
“didn’t call her that bodies would start dropping.” Marad saw
[Appellant] reach into his pocket, pull out a silver gun with a
black handle, and put it to Marad’s temple at least twice as he
angrily threatened him. Notably, Mr. Stafford also recalled the
feel of hard metal of the gun’s barrel against his temple as
[Appellant] repeated “he was not playing.”
As Marad Stafford attempted to walk away, he felt the blows to
his head, and remembered nothing until coworkers revived him.
After the police arrived at the restaurant, the victim vaguely
recalled receiving a phone call from [Appellant] who claimed that
he did not mean to hit him. Marad Stafford was transported via
ambulance to Albert Einstein Hospital for emergency treatment
for multi-fractured orbital bone and facial lacerations. He
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testified that he couldn’t see for days and suffered severe
headaches. Medical records from Albert Einstein Hospital were
introduced which demonstrated injuries of multiple fractures to
orbital floor bones and hematomas to his left eye. The Court
viewed the photographs depicting the victim’s injuries shortly
after the assault as well as the permanent scarring on the left
side of the victim’s face during trial.
The restaurant’s internal surveillance black and white filmed
video [sic] recording had been introduced by the Commonwealth
in its case in chief. This video unmistakably corroborated the
victim and eyewitness version of the events. The brutality of the
attack by the dramatically larger [Appellant] upon the small
framed victim was visually and vividly apparent.
Testimony from the police personnel reflected that [Appellant]
was not apprehended until many hours later in a different
vehicle driven by someone else. There was ample time and
opportunity for [Appellant] to dispose of the firearm. No firearm
was recovered in any later search of [Appellant’s] residence or
automobile. [Appellant’s] vehicle matching the description had
been recovered in a different part of town much later in the
investigation.
At trial, [Appellant] testified that he had punched the victim but
denied that he used a gun either to threaten or strike the victim.
He admitted that he had not been apprehended until many hours
later in a different vehicle driven by his friend. [Appellant]
claimed he had brought a tool known as a “linkage hammer” into
the restaurant with him instead of a gun. He denied placing any
weapon against the victim’s temple. He acknowledged that he
was angry because the victim’s sister had left his residence
earlier with [Appellant’s] property and because the victim
refused to capitulate to his demand to divulge the whereabouts
of the victim’s sister or contact her.
[Appellant] testified that he never reported to the arresting
officer that he did not have “his” gun. Rather he claimed that
his statement was that he didn’t have “a gun.” The Court found
the [Appellant’s] version of events to be self-serving, incredible
and substantially contradicted by compelling evidence.
Trial Court Opinion, filed 12/21/15, at 2-6.
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Following a bench trial, the trial court convicted Appellant of
Aggravated Assault, Carrying a Firearm in Philadelphia, Carrying a Firearm
Without a License, and Possessing an Instrument of Crime. The Court
sentenced Appellant to an aggregate sentence of three (3) to six (6) years of
imprisonment, followed by eleven (11) years of probation.
Appellant filed a timely Notice of Appeal. Appellant timely complied
with the trial court’s Order to file a Pa.R.A.P. Statement.
Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:
1. Was the evidence insufficient to support the verdict of
Aggravated Assault (18 Pa.C.S. § 2702) as the evidence did
not establish that the Appellant acted with the specific intent
to cause serious bodily injury because he acted in justifiable
self-defense?
2. Was the evidence insufficient to support the verdicts for
Carrying a Firearm in Philadelphia and Carrying a Firearm
Without a License, as the evidence did not establish that
Appellant possessed a firearm nor that he possessed a
firearm on a public property in Philadelphia?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
Both of Appellant’s claims challenge the sufficiency of the evidence
presented by the Commonwealth at trial. In reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence, our standard of review is as follows:
The standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of the
evidence is to determine whether, when viewed in a light most
favorable to the verdict winner, the evidence at trial and all
reasonable inferences therefrom is sufficient for the trier of fact
to find that each element of the crimes charged is established
beyond a reasonable doubt. The Commonwealth may sustain its
burden of proving every element beyond a reasonable doubt by
means of wholly circumstantial evidence.
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The facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth
need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubt
raised as to the accused’s guilt is to be resolved by the fact-
finder. As an appellate court, we do not assess credibility nor do
we assign weight to any of the testimony of record. Therefore,
we will not disturb the verdict unless the evidence is so weak
and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact
may be drawn from the combined circumstances.
Commonwealth v. Vogelsong, 90 A.3d 717, 719 (Pa.Super.2014)
(internal citations and quotations omitted).
Appellant first avers that the Commonwealth did not present sufficient
evidence to overcome his claim of self-defense. Where an accused raises
the claim of self-defense pursuant to Section 505 of the Pennsylvania Crimes
Code2, the burden is on the Commonwealth to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt that the defendant’s act was not justifiable self-defense.
Commonwealth v. McClendon, 874 A.2d 1223, 1229-30 (Pa. Super.
2005).
The Commonwealth rebuts a claim of self-defense if it establishes at
least one of the following beyond a reasonable doubt: “1) the accused did
not reasonably believe that he was in danger of death or serious bodily
injury; or 2) the accused provoked or continued the use of force; or 3) the
accused had a duty to retreat and the retreat was possible with complete
safety.” Id. at 1230 (internal citations and quotations omitted). See also
Commonwealth v. Burns, 765 A.2d 1144, 1149 (Pa. Super. 2000);
2
18 Pa.C.S. § 505.
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(concluding that the Commonwealth must establish only one of these three
elements to insulate itself from a claim of self-defense).
The Commonwealth can negate a self-defense claim if it proves the
defendant “did not reasonably believe he was in imminent danger of death
or great bodily injury and that it was necessary to” use deadly force to save
himself from that danger. Commonwealth v. Sepulveda, 55 A.3d 1108,
1124 (Pa. 2012).
The requirement of a reasonable belief encompasses two
aspects, one subjective and one objective. First, the defendant
must have acted out of an honest, bona fide belief that he was in
imminent danger, which involves consideration of the
defendant’s subjective state of mind. Second, the defendant’s
belief that he needed to defend himself with deadly force, if it
existed, must be reasonable in light of the facts as they
appeared to the defendant, a consideration that involves an
objective analysis.
Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 53 A.3d 738, 752 (Pa. 2012) (internal
citations and quotation marks omitted).
As with all credibility determinations, if there are multiple witnesses
who provide conflicting accounts of the material facts, it is up to the fact-
finder to “reject or accept all, part, or none of the testimony of any witness.”
Commonwealth v. Gonzales, 609 A.2d 1368, 1370 (Pa. Super. 1992)
(citations omitted). Further, “although the Commonwealth is required to
disprove a claim of self-defense arising from any source beyond a
reasonable doubt, a [fact-finder] is not required to believe the testimony of
the defendant who raises the claim.” Commonwealth v. Bullock, 948
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A.2d 818, 824 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation and internal quotation marks
omitted). However, self-defense is not disproved merely by a fact-finder’s
disbelief of a defendant’s testimony. Commonwealth v. Torres, 766 A.2d
342, 345 (Pa. 2001).
At trial, Appellant testified that he acted in self-defense. He stated
that the victim said, “[i]f you don’t get the ‘F’ out here, I’ll cut you the ‘F’
up,” and “I got something for you. I cut you the [F] up.” N.T., 4/23/15, at
79-80. Appellant stated that the victim’s words led him to believe that the
victim intended to obtain a knife and injure him. Appellant also stated that
he was unsure of the victim’s intentions when the victim tried to leave the
room. Id. at 80. Appellant did not testify that he saw a knife or that the
victim was ever near a knife. Id. Appellant stated that his uncertainty
proved that he had acted in self-defense. Appellant’s Brief at 13.
The victim testified that immediately upon entering the restaurant,
Appellant began verbally threatening him. N.T., 4/23/15, at 29, 38. When
the victim failed to comply instantaneously with Appellant’s demands,
Appellant suddenly “reached into his pocket and pulled out a gun and put it
to the side of [the victim’s] head.” Id. at 38. The victim testified that
Appellant pulled out his gun before he even had an opportunity to turn and
begin his attempt to flee. Id. at 31, 38, 40. The victim repeatedly denied
saying that he was going to get a knife or ever threatening Appellant. Id. at
48.
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The victim’s testimony is in direct contradiction with Appellant’s
testimony that he only attacked the victim after feeling threatened because
the victim turned to leave. Id. at 80. In addition, video surveillance and
other witnesses corroborated the victim’s testimony.
The trial court, as the finder of fact, was free to disbelieve Appellant’s
claim that he thought he was in danger, particularly where the other
evidence clearly contradicted Appellant’s version of events. The trial court
was also free to believe the victim’s testimony, which was corroborated by
the video surveillance and the testimony of the other witnesses. Because
the trial court’s credibility determinations are supported by the record, we
conclude that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to disprove
Appellant’s claim of self-defense.
Appellant next avers that the Commonwealth presented insufficient
evidence to support the verdict for Carrying a Firearm Without a License.
Section 6106 of the Uniform Firearms Act provides, in relevant part,
that to convict a defendant for this offense, the Commonwealth must prove
“(a) that the weapon was a firearm, (b) that the firearm was unlicensed, and
(c) that where the firearm was concealed on or about the person, it was
outside his home or place of business.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106;
Commonwealth v. Parker, 847 A.2d 745, 750 (Pa. Super. 2004) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Bavusa, 750 A.2d 855, 857 (Pa. Super. 2000)).
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The element of possession can be established by the testimony of a
witness who observes a defendant with a firearm, even in a situation where
no firearm is recovered. Commonwealth v. Robinson 817 A.2d 1153,
1161-62 (Pa.Super.2003). The testimony of witnesses alone “is all that is
necessary” to establish sufficient evidence of possession. Id. at 1162.
In the instant case, the totality of the evidence, when viewed in a light
most favorable to the Commonwealth, supports the factual finding that
Appellant possessed a firearm as defined by 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106. The
restaurant’s internal surveillance video clearly showed Appellant brandishing
a firearm. N.T., 4/23/15, at 8. Moreover, the victim and his manager,
Mapp, both directly observed the firearm in Appellant’s hand while they were
next to Appellant. Id. at 25, 39. The victim described in detail the metal
barrel that Appellant pointed at his temple, as well as his genuine belief that
the situation was life-threatening. Id. Mapp testified that Appellant
“raise[d] a silver pistol with a black handle and. . . then pointed it to [the
victim’s] head.” Id. at 13-16. Officer Mathieu corroborated these
eyewitness accounts by recognizing the gun in the restaurant’s surveillance
video. Id. at 8.
Appellant also avers that the Commonwealth failed to prove that the
gun was operable. He asserts, without citation to the record, that he raised
a question of operability at trial. Appellant’s Brief at 17. It is clear from the
record however, that Appellant did not raise any question of the gun’s
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operability at trial. In fact, Appellant’s defense at trial was that “[he] never
had a gun.” N.T., 4/23/15, at 8, 79. It is only in his brief to this Court that
he asserts that the gun was inoperable. Appellant’s Brief at 17. Because
Appellant did not raise the issue of operability below, the issue is waived.
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).
Appellant also avers that the Commonwealth presented insufficient
evidence to support the trial court’s conviction of Carrying a Firearm in
Philadelphia because, according to Appellant, the Commonwealth did not
prove that he possessed the weapon outside the restaurant on a public
street. Appellant’s Brief at 20.
Section 6108 of the Uniform Firearms Act prohibits a Person from
Carrying a Firearm in Philadelphia: “No person shall carry a firearm, rifle, or
shotgun at any time upon the public streets or upon any public property in a
city of the first class unless [such a person is licensed or exempt from the
licensing requirement].” 18 Pa.C.S. § 6108. The Superior Court has defined
“public place” for the purposes of Section 6108 as follows:
[A] designation of those things which are publici juris, . . . and
therefore considered as being owned by the public, the entire
state or community, and not restricted to the dominion of a
private person. It may also apply to any subject of property
owned by a state, nation, or municipal corporation as such.
Commonwealth v. Goosby, 380 A.2d 802, 806 (Pa. Super. 1977).
In the absence of direct evidence that a defendant possessed a gun on
a public street, a trier of fact may infer that a defendant did so based on
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circumstantial evidence. Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 918
(Pa. Super. 2000). In Hopkins, this Court concluded that, although the
victim was shot on the porch of a private residence, the circumstantial
evidence was sufficient to support the reasonable inference that the
defendant traveled at least some distance on a public street in order to be
able to access the front entryway of the victim’s home. Id.
Here, Mapp testified that when Appellant entered the restaurant, a
waitress immediately escorted Appellant to the backroom where he began
arguing with the victim. N.T., 4/23/15, at 15. When Mapp then entered the
room, he saw Appellant remove the firearm from his pocket. Id.
Appellant presented no evidence that he obtained the gun inside the
restaurant or that he left the gun inside the restaurant after the incident. As
such, the trial court reasonably inferred that Appellant both entered and
exited the restaurant while in possession of a firearm, and thus possessed it
“upon the public streets” of Philadelphia. 18 Pa.C.S. § 6108. Accordingly,
we conclude that Appellant is not entitled to relief on this claim.
Judgment of Sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/12/2016
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