Harmon v. State

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

RASHAI HARMON, §
§ Nos. 13, 2016 & 14, 2016
Defendant Below, § Consolidated
Appellant, §
§ Court Below—Superior Court
v. § of the State of Delaware
§
STATE OF DELAWARE, § Cr. ID Nos. 0805010747 &
§ 1503003016
Plaintiff Below, §
Appellee. §

Submitted: July 1, 2016
Decided: September 8, 2016

Before STRINE, Chief Justice; HOLLAND and SEITZ, Justices.

ORDER

This 8th day of September 2016, upon consideration of the appellant’s

Supreme Court Rule 26(c) brief, the State’s response, and the record below, it

appears to the Court that:

(1) On July 16, 2007, Harmon pled guilty to Possession with Intent to

Deliver a Schedule II Narcotic (―PWITD‖). Harmon was sentenced to eight years

of Level V incarceration, with credit for time previously served, suspended after

one year for eighteen months of Level III probation. Sentencing was deferred for

the Boot Camp Diversion Program.

(2) On June 3, 2008, Harmon pled guilty to Possession of a Narcotic and

Resisting Arrest. Harmon was sentenced to a total of two years of Level V
incarceration, suspended for one year of Level III probation. The Superior Court

also found that Harmon committed a violation of probation (―VOP‖) for his

PWITD conviction, vacated the Boot Camp sentence, and reinstated the original

PWITD sentence.

(3) On March 3, 2009, the Superior Court found Harmon had violated his

probation for his PWITD, Possession of a Narcotic, and Resisting Arrest

convictions. Harmon was sentenced as follows: (i) for PWITD, seven years of

Level V incarceration, with credit for time previously served, suspended upon

successful completion of the Key Program for one year of Level IV Residential

Substance Abuse Treatment, suspended upon successful completion for eighteen

months of Level III Aftercare; and (ii) for Resisting Arrest, one year of Level V

incarceration, suspended for one year of Level III Aftercare. Harmon was

discharged as unimproved for Possession of a Narcotic.

(4) On August 21, 2012, Harmon pled guilty to Escape After Conviction

and Resisting Arrest. Harmon was sentenced as follows: (i) for Escape After

Conviction, eight years of Level V incarceration, suspended after two years for one

year of Level III probation; and (ii) for Resisting Arrest, one year of Level V

incarceration, suspended for one year of Level III probation. The Superior Court

also found Harmon had violated his probation and sentenced him as follows: (i) for

PWITD, five years of Level V, with credit for time previously served, suspended

2
for fifteen months of Level III probation; and (ii) for Resisting Arrest, one year of

Level V incarceration, suspended for one year of Level III probation.

(5) On December 23, 2014, the Superior Court issued a capias for

Harmon based on new, alleged VOPs. These VOPs arose from, among other

things, Harmon’s alleged commission of new criminal offenses and failure to

report for office visits. On March 7, 2015, Harmon disregarded the Delaware State

Police’s attempts to pull him over and led the police on a high speed chase. After

the police discontinued their pursuit, Harmon collided with an SUV. One of the

SUV passengers was killed in the crash.

(6) The police apprehended Harmon as he fled the scene of the accident.

The police found drugs and $2,000 in the car Harmon was driving. Harmon was

indicted for multiple crimes, including Murder in the Second Degree. Harmon’s

probation officer also filed another VOP report alleging that, based on the March 7,

2015 events, Harmon had violated his probation by committing new crimes and

possessing drugs.

(7) On October 20, 2015, Harmon pled guilty to Manslaughter as a lesser

included offense of Murder in the Second Degree, Reckless Endangering in the

First Degree, and Disregarding a Police Officer’s Signal. After a presentence

investigation, the Superior Court sentenced Harmon as follows: (i) for

Manslaughter, twenty-five years of Level V incarceration, suspended after sixteen

3
years and successful completion of the Key Program, followed by decreasing

levels of supervision; (ii) for Reckless Endangering in the First Degree, five years

of Level V incarceration without the benefit of early release under 11 Del. C.

§ 4204(k); and (iii) for Disregarding a Police Officer’s Signal, two years of Level

V incarceration, with credit for time previously served, without the benefit of early

release under 11 Del. C. § 4204(k). The Superior Court also found that Harmon

violated his probation and sentenced him to one year of Level V incarceration for

each of his Resisting Arrest convictions. The Superior Court discharged Harmon

as unimproved for his Escape After Conviction and PWITD convictions.

(8) On January 8, 2016, Harmon filed notices of appeal from the

sentences for his new convictions and VOPs. We granted Harmon’s motions to

consolidate the appeals. On June 10, 2016, Harmon’s appellate counsel

(―Counsel‖) filed a brief and a motion to withdraw under Supreme Court Rule

26(c) (―Rule 26(c)‖). Counsel asserts that, based upon a complete and careful

examination of the record, there are no arguably appealable issues. Counsel

informed Harmon of the provisions of Rule 26(c) and provided Harmon with a

copy of the motion to withdraw and the accompanying brief.

(9) Counsel also informed Harmon of his right to identify any points he

wished this Court to consider on appeal. Harmon has raised several issues for this

4
Court’s consideration. The State has responded to the issues raised by Harmon and

asked this Court to affirm the Superior Court’s judgment.

(10) When reviewing a motion to withdraw and an accompanying brief

under Rule 26(c), this Court must: (i) be satisfied that defense counsel has made a

conscientious examination of the record and the law for arguable claims; and (ii)

conduct its own review of the record and determine whether the appeal is so totally

devoid of at least arguably appealable issues that it can be decided without an

adversary presentation.1

(11) Harmon’s points on appeal may be summarized as follows: (i) he did

not violate his probation because he was not charged with drug possession; (ii) he

expected his sentence to be capped and his family was told that he would be

sentenced to no more than ten years of Level V incarceration; (iii) he should have

been charged with Driving Under the Influence as a lesser included offense; (iv)

the statement of the SUV driver after the accident and the medical history of the

SUV passenger who was killed should be reviewed; (v) the Superior Court judge

sentenced him with a closed mind; (vi) he would like concurrent rather than

consecutive sentences and removal of the Section 4204(k) conditions; and (vii) he

does not understand why he is incarcerated while a police officer who allegedly

1
Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 83 (1988); Leacock v. State, 690 A.2d 926, 927-28 (Del. 1996).

5
engaged in misconduct is not incarcerated. After careful consideration, we find no

merit to Harmon’s appeal.

(12) Because Harmon did not argue below that a lack of drug possession

charges meant he could not have violated his probation, we review this claim for

plain error.2 At sentencing, Harmon’s trial counsel told the Superior Court that

Harmon admitted his VOP. Harmon did not object or contradict his counsel’s

representation. Even in the absence of a drug charge, Harmon could be properly

adjudicated to have violated his probation by possessing drugs.3 Finally, Harmon

disregards that his VOP was based not only on the drugs found in his car on March

7, 2015, but also on his commission of new crimes. Harmon cannot, and does not,

dispute that he committed new crimes on March 7, 2015. Under these

circumstances, there is no evidence of plain error.

(13) We construe Harmon’s contentions that he thought his sentence would

be capped and that his family was told he would be sentenced to no more than ten

years as an argument that his guilty plea was not knowing, intelligent, and

voluntary. The record belies this claim. During the guilty plea colloquy, Harmon

affirmed that he had reviewed the Truth–In–Sentencing Guilty Plea form (which

did not include a sentencing recommendation by the State) with his counsel, no

one forced him to enter into the plea agreement or promised him what his sentence

2
Supr. Ct. R. 8.
3
Kurzmann v. State, 903 A.2d 702, 716-17 (Del. 2006).

6
would be, he was guilty of Manslaughter, Reckless Endangering in the First

Degree, and Disregarding a Police Officer’s Signal, he understood he was giving

up certain constitutional rights by pleading guilty, and he understood that the

Superior Court could sentence him to up to thirty-two years of imprisonment.

Absent clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, which he has not identified,

Harmon is bound by his representations during the guilty plea colloquy and in the

Truth-in-Sentencing Guilty Plea Form.4

(14) As to Harmon’s contention that he should have been charged with

Driving Under the Influence as a lesser included offense, a voluntary and

intelligent plea, like Harmon’s, constitutes a waiver of alleged defects or errors

occurring before entry of the plea.5 We also note that this claim is contrary to the

representations of Harmon’s counsel at sentencing. During sentencing, Harmon’s

counsel disputed allegations in the indictment that Harmon was driving under the

influence of alcohol or drugs. According to Harmon’s counsel, a confirmatory test

showed no cocaine or cannabis in Harmon’s blood.

(15) Harmon’s request for a review of the SUV driver’s statement after the

accident and the medical background of the SUV passenger who died appears to be

an attempt to challenge his role in the crimes. This claim is subject to plain error

4
Somerville v. State, 703 A.2d 629, 632 (Del. 1997).
5
Miller v. State, 840 A.2d 1229, 1232 (Del. 2003).

7
review.6 Harmon waived his right to challenge the strength of the State’s evidence

against him when he entered a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary guilty plea.7

Harmon is also bound by his representations during the guilty plea colloquy that he

was guilty of Manslaughter, Reckless Endangering in the First Degree, and

Disregarding a Police Officer’s Signal.8 There is no plain error here.

(16) Harmon’s challenges to the sentences for his new convictions are

without merit. ―Appellate review of a sentence is limited to whether the sentence

is within the statutory limits prescribed by the General Assembly and whether it is

based on factual predicates which are false, impermissible, or lack minimal

reliability, judicial vindictiveness or bias, or a closed mind.‖9 In this case, Harmon

pled guilty to three felonies that carried a maximum penalty of thirty-two years of

Level V incarceration. Harmon was sentenced to a total of thirty-two years of

Level V incarceration, suspended after twenty-three years. This sentence does not

exceed the statutory limits.

(17) Harmon argues that the Superior Court judge sentenced him with a

closed mind because the judge stated that he believed the drugs and the money in

the car belonged to Harmon and that Harmon was out to kill someone. ―A judge

sentences with a closed mind when the sentence is based on a preconceived bias

6
Supr. Ct. R. 8.
7
Brown v. State, 108 A.3d 1201, 1202 (Del. 2015); Miller, 840 A.2d at 1232.
8
Somerville v. State, 703 A.2d at 632.
9
Weston v. State, 832 A.2d 743, 746 (Del. 2003).

8
without consideration of the nature of the offense or the character of the

defendant.‖10 At sentencing, Harmon’s counsel argued, among other things, that

certain allegations in the indictment created a misleading impression of Harmon as

a drug dealer. According to Harmon’s counsel, the drugs in the car belonged to

Harmon’s girlfriend, not Harmon, and the $2,000 cash in the car belonged to

Harmon’s sister. Counsel also suggested that Harmon’s girlfriend urged him to

disregard the police officer’s signal to pull over.

(18) The Superior Court judge rejected these arguments, indicating that he

believed the drugs and cash in the car belonged to Harmon. The Superior Court

judge noted that Harmon told the police the last thing he remembered before the

crash was his girlfriend telling him to pull over, which contradicted the suggestion

that the girlfriend told Harmon to flee the police. The Superior Court judge

emphasized that he was not punishing Harmon for drug dealing, but that he was

concerned by Harmon’s history of resisting arrest and leading police on high-speed

chases that endangered the lives of others. The record reflects that the sentence

was based on the nature of Harmon’s crimes and does not support Harmon’s claim

that the Superior Court judge had a closed mind. As to Harmon’s request for

concurrent, rather than consecutive, sentences and removal of the Section 4204(k)

condition on his Reckless Endangering in the First Degree and Disregarding a

10
Id.

9
Police Officer’s Signal sentences, Harmon does not identify, and we do not find,

any error by the Superior Court in the imposition of consecutive sentences and the

Section 4204(k) conditions.

(19) Finally, Harmon questions why he is incarcerated while a police

officer who allegedly engaged in misconduct is not incarcerated. Although

Harmon may feel aggrieved that someone else is not in prison for something that

other person allegedly did wrong, that does not provide any basis for Harmon to

escape punishment for the serious crimes to which he pled guilty.11

(20) Having carefully reviewed the record, we conclude that Harmon’s

appeal is wholly without merit and devoid of any arguably appealable issue. We

also are satisfied that Counsel has made a conscientious effort to examine the

record and the law and has properly determined that Harmon could not raise a

meritorious claim in this appeal.

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior

Court is AFFIRMED. The motion to withdraw is moot.

BY THE COURT:
/s/ Leo E. Strine, Jr.
Chief Justice

11
Harmon has provided no evidence to support his contention about the situation to which he
adverts, and there is no proper basis for us to examine that situation in this case. In other words,
whether a situation occurred of the nature Harmon identifies and whether it involved any wrong
by a law enforcement officer cannot be determined from this record, even if those issues were
relevant in this case, which they are not.

10