IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
June 21, 2016 Session
RANDALL E. PEARSON, M.D., ET AL. v. PAUL KOCZERA ET AL.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Anderson County
No. B2LA0060 John D. McAfee, Judge
No. E2015-02081-COA-R3-CV-FILED-SEPTEMBER 23, 2016
This appeal arises from the trial court’s determination that it was without jurisdiction,
following a prior appeal in the same matter, to act upon a motion seeking to alter or
vacate an order entered after remand. The administrator ad litem for the third-party
plaintiff has appealed from the trial court’s order determining that it lacked jurisdiction to
act on her motion following remand. We determine that the trial court did possess
jurisdiction to act on pending motions following the remand from the appellate courts.
We therefore vacate the trial court’s order and remand this case for further proceedings.
We also vacate the trial court’s order granting sanctions against the administrator ad litem
for filing her motion to alter or vacate.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
Vacated; Case Remanded
THOMAS R. FRIERSON, II, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CHARLES D.
SUSANO, JR., and ARNOLD B. GOLDIN, JJ., joined.
Wanda McClure Dry, as Administrator Ad Litem on behalf of Laurence R. Dry, M.D.,
J.D., Danville, Kentucky, Pro Se.
Wynne du M. Caffey; John T. Rice; Edward G. White, II; Joshua J. Bond; and Darryl G.
Lowe, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellees, Christi Lenay Fields Steele; Randall E.
Pearson, M.D.; Laurence Thomas O’Connor, Jr., M.D.; Joshua R. Walker; Jeffrey Scott
Griswold; Jeffrey A. Woods; and State Volunteer Mutual Insurance Company.
OPINION
I. Factual and Procedural Background
This is the second appeal in this matter, which began as a malicious prosecution
action filed against Paul and Jolene Koczera and their attorneys, Laurence and Wanda
Dry. The Koczeras, with the aid of their attorneys, the Drys, had previously filed a
medical malpractice action in 2008 against Dr. Laurence Thomas O’Connor, Jr., and
Tennessee Urology Associates, PLLC (“TUA”). That lawsuit was allegedly dismissed
for insufficient service of process. In 2010, the Koczeras, again represented by the Drys,
filed an action for interference with service of process against Dr. Randall Pearson,
Christie Lenay Fields Steele, and TUA. The trial court purportedly granted summary
judgment to all defendants in that action.
In the prior appeal, this Court summarized facts and procedural history pertinent
here as follows:
On February 22, 2012, TUA, Pearson, and Steele filed a malicious
prosecution action against the Koczeras and the Drys. The Drys filed an
answer on May 3, 2012, in which they listed their law firm’s address at 140
East Division Road in Oak Ridge. That same day, Dr. Dry, acting pro se
and solely upon his own behalf, filed a third-party complaint against
O’Connor, Pearson, Steele, Joshua R. Walker and Jeffery Scott Griswold—
the last two named parties being attorneys for O’Connor, State Volunteer
Mutual Insurance Company (“SVMIC”), O’Connor’s malpractice insurance
carrier, and Jeffrey A. Woods, SVMIC’s claims attorney. Dr. Dry’s third-
party complaint included claims for abuse of process, interference with Dr.
Dry’s business, malicious prosecution, and conspiracy. The third-party
complaint also listed Dr. Dry’s address as Laurence R. Dry, M.D., J.D. &
Associates, at the same 140 East Division Road, Oak Ridge address.
As previously noted, Dr. Dry died on May 17, 2012, two weeks after
filing his pro se third-party complaint. On May 25, 2012, SVMIC and
Woods filed a suggestion of death with the trial court pursuant to Tenn. R.
Civ. P. 25.01, which provides as follows:
(1) If a party dies and the claim is not thereby extinguished,
the court may order substitution of the proper parties. The
motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the
successors or representatives of the deceased party and,
together with the notice of hearing, shall be served on the
parties as provided in Rule 5 and upon persons not parties in
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the manner provided in Rule 4 for the service of process.
Unless the motion for substitution is made not later than 90
days after the death is suggested upon the record by service of
a statement of the fact of the death as provided herein for the
service of the motion, the action shall be dismissed as to the
deceased party.
A copy of the suggestion of death was served on all parties and also on Ms.
Dry at the Dry law firm’s Oak Ridge address.
On October 16, 2012, Ms. Dry sent a letter to counsel for SVMIC
and Woods, notifying them of her change of address from 140 East
Division Road in Oak Ridge to “Wanda M. Dry, the Dry Law Firm, P.O.
Box 2122, Danville, KY.” On November 13, 2012, Walker and Griswold
filed a motion to dismiss Dr. Dry’s third-party complaint for failure to file a
motion for substitution within the 90-day window provided by Tenn. R.
Civ. P. 25.01. Walker and Griswold also filed a motion for judgment on
the pleadings. Copies of the motions to dismiss for failure to substitute and
for judgment on the pleadings were mailed to Ms. Dry at both her Oak
Ridge and Danville addresses. All of the remaining defendants later joined
in Walker and Griswold's motion to dismiss for failure to substitute.
A hearing on the defendants’ motions to dismiss was scheduled for
December 20, 2012. A few days before the hearing, Ms. Dry called the
trial court and asked for permission to appear at the hearing by telephone.
The trial court agreed to allow her telephonic appearance. At the beginning
of the December 20 hearing, Ms. Dry stated the following:
I just want to make sure that it gets on the record that I’m
appearing today just as the attorney for myself in the—as a
defendant. I'm not representing [Dr. Dry] in any way or his
estate or anything to do with that. I think all of these motions
are against him or his estate. He’s a pro se defendant or a pro
se party.
THE COURT: Okay. And so, are you a party in this action?
MS. DRY: No.
Ms. Dry further clarified that an estate had not been opened for Dr. Dry at
that point, and that she was “not the executrix of the estate or the
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administrator of the estate.”
The trial court allowed Ms. Dry to make statements and argument at
the hearing despite her lack of standing as a party or legal counsel for a
party. After the hearing, the trial court granted the motions. The trial court
entered judgment on December 28, 2012, dismissing Dr. Dry’s third-party
complaint. On January 14, 2013, Ms. Dry filed in the trial court a notice of
appearance as counsel for Dr. Dry, who as of then had been deceased for
eight months. Ms. Dry then filed a notice of appeal on January 16, 2013.1
On May 6, 2013, Ms. Dry filed in this Court a motion to consider
post-judgment facts, which states as follows:
Appellant, Laurence R. Dry, M.D., J.D., (“Dr. Dry”) by and
through counsel, pursuant to Rule 14 of the Tennessee Rules
of Appellate Procedure, respectfully moves this Honorable
Court to consider the post-judgment facts that Wanda M. Dry
was appointed as Administrator ad litem for this cause of
action on March 7, 2013 . . . and is now serving as counsel for
[Dr. Dry].
As grounds for this Motion, Appellant states it is necessary to
update the factual record because the Order appointing Ms.
Dry as Administrator ad litem was entered after the dismissal
of all of Appellant’s claims in the trial court . . . Ms. Dry was
appointed as Administrator ad litem in response to her
Petition for Appointment of Administrator ad litem submitted
February 27, 2013, to the Chancery Court of Anderson
County . . . .
Appellant respectfully requests that this Court acknowledge
that Wanda M. Dry was appointed as Administrator ad litem
for this cause of action on March 7, 2013, and is now serving
as counsel for Appellant.
Dry v. Steele, No. E2013-00291-COA-R3-CV, 2014 WL 295777, at *1-3 (Tenn. Ct. App.
Jan. 28, 2014), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 405, 190 L. Ed. 2d 291 (2014) (“Dry I”).
1
We note that the December 28, 2012 order of dismissal, from which the first appeal was taken, was
certified as final pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 54.02 and did not adjudicate all pending
claims.
4
In the first appeal, Ms. Dry raised issues regarding, inter alia, (1) whether the trial
court erred in granting the motions to dismiss “because the administrator ad litem was not
represented at the hearing and was not allowed to present proof that the ninety day
window for filing the motion to substitute had not yet passed” or should be enlarged and
(2) whether Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 25.01, as applied, violated Dr. Dry’s state
and federal constitutional rights. Id. Regarding the application of Tennessee Rule of
Civil Procedure 25.01, this Court ruled that the suggestion of death filed by SVMIC and
Mr. Woods was properly served upon Ms. Dry but that Ms. Dry failed to file a motion for
substitution within ninety days as required by Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 25.01.
Id. The Court concluded that because the plain language of Tennessee Rule of Civil
Procedure 25.01 mandated dismissal of the deceased party under such circumstances, the
trial court properly dismissed Dr. Dry’s third-party complaint. Id.
This Court also determined that Ms. Dry had no standing to appeal the trial court’s
judgment of dismissal, stating:
At the time of the trial court’s entry of final judgment, Ms. Dry did
not have authority or standing to file a notice of appeal. As already
discussed, she was not a party to the action, nor did she represent Dr. Dry.
Because the estate had not been opened, there was no estate to be
represented and Ms. Dry clearly told the court that she did not represent his
estate. We are of the opinion that Ms. Dry’s entry of a notice of appearance
as counsel for Dr. Dry, filed with the trial court on January 14, 2013, was
ineffective and did not provide her authority to file a notice of appeal on his
behalf. It is obvious that a lawyer cannot unilaterally create an attorney-
client relationship with a deceased person. Furthermore, Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 30-1-101 provides that “[n]o person shall presume to enter upon the
administration of any deceased person’s estate until the person has obtained
letters of administration or letters testamentary.” This had not been done at
the time of the final judgment.
Ms. Dry’s actions in petitioning the trial court to be appointed
administrator ad litem and hiring herself as counsel for administrator ad
litem came too late to save this appeal. According to her motion to
consider post-judgment facts, she was appointed administrator ad litem on
March 7, 2013, approximately five weeks after the 30-day period for filing
a notice of appeal had expired. See Tenn. R. App. P. 4(a) (“In an appeal as
of right . . . , the notice of appeal required by Rule 3 shall be filed with and
received by the clerk of the trial court within 30 days after the date of entry
of the judgment appealed from”). “The time limit set out in Rule 4 is
jurisdictional in a civil case [and] this court has no discretion to expand the
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time limit set out in Rule 4.” First Nat’l Bank of Polk Cnty. v. Goss, 912
S.W.2d 147, 148 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995); accord In re Jayden B.-H., No.
E2013-00873-COA-R3-PT, 2013 WL 4505389 at *1 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S.,
filed Aug. 21, 2013). We acknowledged in Goss “that trial courts can, in
certain extraordinary circumstances, grant relief in accordance with the
requirements of Rule 60.02, T.R.C.P., to parties who failed to file their
notice of appeal within the period of time provided for in the Tennessee
Rules of Appellate Procedure,” but that such relief “relating to timeliness of
an appeal is available only under the most unusual, rare, compelling and
propitious circumstances.” 912 S.W.2d at 149, 151. In any event, Ms. Dry
did not seek relief under Rule 60.02 from the trial court.
Dry I, 2014 WL 295777, at *6-7.
Following the ruling by this Court, Ms. Dry sought permission to appeal to the
Tennessee Supreme Court, which was denied on May 14, 2014. Mandate issued that
same day. She then filed a petition for writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme
Court, which was denied on October 20, 2014. The case was remanded to the trial court.
In the meantime, while the first appeal was pending, Ms. Dry filed a motion in the
trial court on April 11, 2013, seeking substitution and enlargement of the time period for
filing a motion for substitution. Ms. Dry, stating that she had been appointed
administrator ad litem for Dr. Dry’s estate on March 7, 2013, requested that the trial court
extend the time for filing a motion to substitute based on, inter alia, excusable neglect.
Following remand of this matter to the trial court, Ms. Dry sought a hearing on her
motion for substitution and enlargement of time period, asserting that she had never been
heard on the matter as administrator ad litem. Such hearing was held on June 4, 2015.
On June 19, 2015, the trial court entered an order denying Ms. Dry’s motion, ruling that it
did not have jurisdiction to entertain the motion on remand. The original plaintiffs, Dr.
Pearson, Ms. Steele, and TUA, thereafter voluntarily dismissed their malicious
prosecution action. At this point, all pending claims in the trial court were resolved.
On July 16, 2015, Ms. Dry filed a motion to alter, amend, or vacate the trial
court’s June 19, 2015 and December 28, 2012 orders. The third-party defendants filed a
response, arguing that this Court had determined in its opinion that the suggestion of
death had been properly filed and served and that the trial court correctly dismissed the
third-party complaint. They thus argued that the trial court was without jurisdiction to
alter its prior order because this ruling had become the “law of the case.” The third-party
defendants also filed a joint motion for sanctions pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Civil
Procedure 11, contending that Ms. Dry was attempting to relitigate issues that had
6
already been resolved.
The trial court conducted a hearing on the motions on September 25, 2015. Based
on its finding of lack of jurisdiction, the court denied Ms. Dry’s motion to alter, amend,
or vacate the prior orders. The Court ultimately granted sanctions to the third-party
defendants in the amount of $4,500. Ms. Dry timely appealed.
II. Issues Presented
Ms. Dry presents the following issues for our review, which we have restated
slightly:
1. Whether the trial court erred by ruling that it did not have
jurisdiction to hear the administrator ad litem’s motion filed pursuant
to Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 59.04 and 60.02 at the
September 25, 2015 hearing.
2. Whether the trial court erred by ruling that it did not have
jurisdiction to hear the administrator ad litem’s motion at the June 4,
2015 hearing.
3. Whether the trial court violated the administrator ad litem’s
constitutional rights by refusing to hear the motions.
4. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by awarding sanctions
against the administrator ad litem for filing a motion pursuant to
Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 59 and 60.
III. Standard of Review
Regarding requests for relief pursuant to Tennessee Rules of Civil
Procedure 60, our Supreme Court has elucidated:
In general, we review a trial court’s ruling on a request for relief from a
final judgment under Rule 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure
(“Tennessee Rule 60.02”) pursuant to the abuse of discretion standard.
Discover Bank v. Morgan, 363 S.W.3d 479, 487 (Tenn. 2012) (citing Henry
v. Goins, 104 S.W.3d 475, 479 (Tenn. 2003)). We have not previously
considered whether this standard applies to a trial court’s ruling on a
motion alleging that a judgment is void for lack of jurisdiction under
Tennessee Rule 60.02(3). Nevertheless, we have previously held that
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“[w]hether a trial court has subject matter jurisdiction over a case is a
question of law that we review de novo with no presumption of
correctness.” Furlough v. Spherion Atl. Workforce, LLC, 397 S.W.3d 114,
122 (Tenn. 2013) (citing Word v. Metro Air Servs., Inc., 377 S.W.3d 671,
674 (Tenn. 2012)). Moreover “[a] decision regarding the exercise of
personal jurisdiction over a defendant involves a question of law” to which
de novo review applies, Gordon v. Greenview Hosp., Inc., 300 S.W.3d 635,
645 (Tenn. 2009), and de novo review also applies when we are
interpreting the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, Thomas v. Oldfield,
279 S.W.3d 259, 261 (Tenn. 2009).
Turner v. Turner, 473 S.W.3d 257, 268 (Tenn. 2015).
IV. Lack of Jurisdiction
Ms. Dry asserts that the trial court erred by determining that it lacked jurisdiction2
to hear her motion seeking relief from the court’s December 2012 and June 2015 orders
filed pursuant to Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 59 and 60. We agree with Ms. Dry
that the trial court possessed jurisdiction to consider her motion, and we determine this
issue to be dispositive of the appeal.
The mandate in this matter was issued by this Court on May 14, 2014, remanding
the action back to the trial court. Our Supreme Court has explained that, “[w]hen an
appellate court remands an action to a trial court, the trial court regains jurisdiction over
the matter.” Parrish v. Marquis, 137 S.W.3d 621, 624 (Tenn. 2004). This Court has
further elucidated:
[t]he appellate court loses jurisdiction and a trial court reacquires
jurisdiction upon remand, although that jurisdiction may be limited by the
terms of the appellate court’s remand order. The appellate court reinvests
the trial court with jurisdiction upon issuance of the mandate. Even where,
as here, the lower court is required to perform the “ministerial act” of
dismissal upon remand, the lower court retains jurisdiction until dismissal
is accomplished. Absent certain explicit exceptions not present here, the
2
Although the trial court did not specify the type of jurisdiction at issue, the court appeared to determine
that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The record indicates no findings regarding a lack of personal
jurisdiction. See Landers v. Jones, 872 S.W.2d 674, 675 (Tenn. 1994) (explaining that “[s]ubject matter
jurisdiction relates to the nature of the cause of action” while “[p]ersonal jurisdiction, by contrast, refers
to the court’s authority to adjudicate the claim as to the person.”).
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jurisdictional principles prevent the “undesirable consequences of
permitting a case to be pending in more than one court at the same time.”
Jacob v. Partee, No. W2013-01078-COA-R3-CV, 2013 WL 5817450, at *3 (Tenn. Ct.
App. Oct. 30, 2013) (internal citations omitted). “Once the mandate reinvests the trial
court’s jurisdiction over a case, the case stands in the same posture it did before the
appeal except insofar as the trial court’s judgment has been changed or modified by the
appellate court.” Born Again Church & Christian Outreach Ministries, Inc. v. Myler
Church Bldg. Sys. of the Midsouth, Inc., 266 S.W.3d 421, 425-26 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007)
(quoting Earls v. Earls, No. M1999-00035-COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 504905, at *3 (Tenn.
Ct. App. May 14, 2001)).
Furthermore, Tennessee Code Annotated § 21-1-810 (2009) provides:
In all cases remanded by the supreme court or court of appeals to
any court for the execution of an order of reference, order of sale or for
other proceedings directed in the decree of the appellate court or in the
decree of the lower courts as affirmed or modified by the appellate court,
the cases shall be deemed reinstated in the lower court from the time of
filing with the clerk and master or clerk of the court a certified copy of the
decree or mandate of the appellate court; and thereafter such cases may be
proceeded in, in accordance with the decree of the appellate court, without
any action of the lower court on the case. It shall not be necessary for the
decree or mandate of the appellate court to be spread of record, in the lower
court, by direction of the lower court, before the clerk and master, clerk of
the court, or the parties may proceed in such case in accordance with the
decree or mandate of the appellate court.
Similarly, Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 43 provides in pertinent part:
When the appellate court dismisses the appeal or affirms the judgment and
the mandate is filed in the trial court, execution may issue and other
proceedings may be conducted as if no appeal had been taken.
In the case at bar, the trial court had jurisdiction, once the case was remanded from
the appellate courts, to conduct further proceedings that were not in conflict with the
higher courts’ decisions. As this Court has explained:
It is true that a trial court may not disregard or modify the opinion of an
appellate court. See Earls v. Earls, No. M1999-00035-COA-R3-CV, 2001
WL 504905, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., filed May 14, 2001). However, a
trial court is not necessarily powerless to conduct any proceedings on
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remand. This Court has reviewed the authority of a trial court on remand
and found as follows:
Once the mandate [from an appellate court] reinvests the trial
court’s jurisdiction over a case, the case stands in the same
posture it did before the appeal except insofar as the trial
court’s judgment has been changed or modified by the
appellate court . . . . [T]he trial court does not have the
authority to modify or revise the appellate court’s opinion, or
to expand the proceedings beyond the remand order. The trial
court’s sole responsibility is to carefully comply with
directions in the appellate court’s opinion.
Id. (internal citations omitted).
Seaton v. Wise Props.-TN, LLC, No. E2013-01360-COA-R3CV, 2014 WL 1715068, at
*6 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr. 30, 2014) (quoting Freeman Indus. LLC v. Eastman Chem. Co.,
227 S.W.3d 561, 567 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006)). Based on the above precedent, there can be
no question that the trial court had jurisdiction to act on Ms. Dry’s motions once the
mandate was issued.
Upon issuance of the mandate, the parties and the trial court became bound by the
“law of the case” doctrine. See Tindell v. West, No. E2012-01988-COA-R3-CV, 2013
WL 6181997, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 25, 2013). The trial court herein may have
conflated the concept of jurisdiction with the doctrine of “law of the case.” As this Court
has explained, however:
The phrase “law of the case” refers to a legal doctrine which
generally prohibits reconsideration of issues that have already been decided
in a prior appeal of the same case. In other words, under the law of the case
doctrine, an appellate court’s decision on an issue of law is binding in later
trials and appeals of the same case if the facts on the second trial or appeal
are substantially the same as the facts in the first trial or appeal. The
doctrine applies to issues that were actually before the appellate court in the
first appeal and to issues that were necessarily decided by implication. The
doctrine does not apply to dicta.
. . . [I]t is a longstanding discretionary rule of judicial practice
which is based on the common sense recognition that issues
previously litigated and decided by a court of competent
jurisdiction ordinarily need not be revisited. This rule
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promotes the finality and efficiency of the judicial process,
avoids indefinite relitigation of the same issue, fosters
consistent results in the same litigation, and assures the
obedience of the lower courts to the decisions of appellate
courts.
Therefore, when an initial appeal results in a remand to
the trial court, the decision of the appellate court establishes
the law of the case which generally must be followed upon
remand by the trial court, and by an appellate court if a
second appeal is taken from the judgment of the trial court
entered after remand.
Memphis Publ. Co. v. Tennessee Petroleum Underground Storage Tank
Bd., 975 S.W.2d 303, 306 (Tenn. 1998) (citations omitted). When a
remanded cause has been re-entered on the docket, it stands exactly as it did
when the appeal was granted, except insofar as changed by the appellate
courts. Raht v. Southern Ry. Co., 215 Tenn. 485, 387 S.W.2d 781, 787
(1965). Further, “[t]he Trial Court on remand has full powers to implement
and enforce its judgment as modified.” Inman, 840 S.W.2d at 932.
Hawkins v. Hart, 86 S.W.3d 522, 531-32 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001). Therefore, in this case,
the trial court possessed jurisdiction following remand to act upon any pending motions
and/or to hear any unadjudicated claims.3 See, e.g., Tindell, 2013 WL 6181997, at *3-4
(explaining that the trial court should hold any motions filed during appeal in abeyance
until the mandate issues). The only constraint upon the trial court’s power would be that
it could not reconsider an issue that had already been decided in the prior appeal. See
Hawkins, 86 S.W.3d at 531-32; Tindell, 2013 WL 6181997, at *3-4.
We conclude that the trial court erred by determining that it was without
jurisdiction to rule upon Ms. Dry’s motion filed pursuant to Tennessee Rules of Civil
Procedure 59 and 60. We thus vacate the trial court’s order dated September 28, 2015,
and remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings. 4 Furthermore, because
3
The December 28, 2012 order, from which the first appeal was taken, was certified as final pursuant to
Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 54.02 and did not dispose of all pending claims. We note specifically
that the original plaintiffs’ malicious prosecution claim had never been adjudicated at the time the
mandate was issued.
4
For the same reasons previously explained, the trial court also possessed jurisdiction to hear Ms. Dry’s
motion for enlargement of time for substitution filed pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 6.02.
We, of course, make no determination regarding whether any of the motions filed by Ms. Dry should be
granted or denied. We merely hold that the trial court had jurisdiction to act thereon once the mandate
was issued.
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the trial court’s award of sanctions was based upon the filing of Ms. Dry’s Tennessee
Rules of Civil Procedure 59 and 60 motion, we also vacate the trial court’s award of
sanctions against Ms. Dry.
V. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the trial court’s order dated September 28,
2015, and remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings. We also vacate
the trial court’s award of sanctions against Ms. Dry. Costs on appeal are assessed to the
appellees, Christi Lenay Fields Steele; Randall E. Pearson, M.D.; Laurence Thomas
O’Connor, Jr., M.D.; Joshua R. Walker; Jeffrey Scott Griswold; Jeffrey A. Woods; and
State Volunteer Mutual Insurance Company.
_________________________________
THOMAS R. FRIERSON, II, JUDGE
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