ACCEPTED
04-14-00803-CV
FOURTH COURT OF APPEALS
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
2/9/2015 5:07:05 PM
KEITH HOTTLE
CLERK
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED FILED IN
4th COURT OF APPEALS
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
NO. 04-14-00803-CV
02/9/2015 5:07:05 PM
KEITH E. HOTTLE
Clerk
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., ET AL.,
Appellants
v.
GABRIELA LOPEZ,
Appellee.
On Appeal from the 341st District Court
Webb County, Texas, Cause No. 2013CVT 000841-D3
(Hon. Beckie Palomo)
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS
Respectfully submitted,
DIANA L. FAUST
diana.faust@cooperscully.com
Texas Bar No. 00793717
R. BRENT COOPER
brent.cooper@cooperscully.com
Texas Bar No. 04783250
KYLE M. BURKE
kyle.burke@cooperscully.com
Texas Bar No. 24073089
COOPER & SCULLY, P.C.
900 Jackson Street, Suite 100
Dallas, Texas 75202
TEL: (214) 712-9500
FAX: (214) 712-9540
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANTS
NO. 04-14-00803-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., ET AL.,
Appellants
v.
GABRIELA LOPEZ,
Appellee.
On Appeal from the 341st District Court
Webb County, Texas, Cause No. 2013CVT 000841-D3
(Hon. Beckie Palomo)
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
In accordance with rule 38.1(a) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure,
the following is a list of names and addresses of the parties to the trial court’s
judgment and their counsel:
Appellants: Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D.,
Winder N. Vasquez, M.D., Miguel
E. Najera, J.D. Executor of the
Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D.
And Laredo Regional Medical
Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital
of Laredo
i
Appellate Counsel
for Appellants: Diana L. Faust
R. Brent Cooper
Kyle M. Burke
Cooper & Scully, P.C.
900 Jackson Street, Suite 100
Dallas, Texas 75202
Trial Counsel for
Appellant Montalvo: James Kevin Oncken
Roger A. Berger
Uzick & Oncken, P.C.
238 Westcott Street
Houston, Texas 77007
Trial Counsel for
Appellant Vasquez: Bruce E. Anderson
James W. Veale, Jr.
Loren L. Whyte
Brin & Brin, P.C.
5223 IH 10 West
Trial Counsel for
Appellant Najera: W. Richard Wagner
Peter Cario
Wagner Cario, L.L.P.
7718 Broadway, Suite 100
San Antonio, Texas 78209
Trial Counsel for
Appellant Doctors
Hospital of Laredo: Steven M. Gonzalez
Edward J. Castillo
Gonzalez Castillo, L.L.P.
1317 E. Quebec Avenue
McAllen, Texas 78503
Appellee: Gabriela Lopez
ii
Trial and Appellate
Counsel for Appellee: Darrell L. Keith
Keith Law Firm, P.C.
301 Commerce Street, Suite 2850
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
iii
NO. 04-14-00803-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., ET AL.,
Appellants
v.
GABRIELA LOPEZ,
Appellee.
On Appeal from the 341st District Court
Webb County, Texas, Cause No. 2013CVT 000841-D3
(Hon. Beckie Palomo)
REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT
Appellants Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., Winder N. Vasquez,
M.D., Miguel E. Najera, J.D. Executor of the Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D.,
Deceased, and Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital of
Laredo respectfully request oral argument in this case and believe it will help the
Court in evaluating the case and resolving this appeal. TEX. R. APP. P. 39.1, 39.7.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL .......................................................... i
REQUEST FOR ORAL ARGUMENT ................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................v
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ............................................................................... vii
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ............................................................................ xii
STATEMENT OF THE JURISDICTION........................................................... xiii
ISSUES PRESENTED..........................................................................................xv
STATEMENT OF FACTS .....................................................................................1
A. Appellee’s Allegations........................................................................1
B. Theories of Liability ...........................................................................3
C. Appellants File Motions for Summary Judgment ................................4
D. Proceedings After Trial Court Denied Appellants’ Motions for
Summary Judgment ............................................................................5
E. Appellants’ Petition for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory
Order in this Court ..............................................................................7
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ......................................................................7
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES .....................................................................9
I. Appellee’s Suit Is Barred by Limitations ......................................................9
A. Standard of Review.............................................................................9
B. Appellee’s Claims Are Barred by the Statute of Limitations in
Section 74.251(a)..............................................................................10
v
C. Section 74.251(a) Not Unconstitutional ............................................12
D. Even if Sections 16.001 and 16.003 Apply, Lopez’s Claims Are
Barred by Limitations .......................................................................19
CONCLUSION & PRAYER ................................................................................26
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................28
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE..............................................................................29
APPENDIX TO BRIEF OF APPELLANTS.........................................................31
vi
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Case Page(s)
Adams v. Gottwald,
179 S.W.3d 101 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2005, pet. denied)....................15, 19
Boyd v. Kallam,
152 S.W.3d 670 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied) ........................... 13
City of San Antonio v. Hernandez,
53 S.W.3d 404 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, pet. denied)........................... 10
Lund. v. Giauque,
416 S.W.3d 122 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2013, no pet.).................................. 13
Jose Carreras, M.D., P.A. v. Marroquin,
339 S.W.3d 68 (Tex. 2011).........................................................................20, 23
Kimbrell v. Molinet,
288 S.W.3d 464 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008),
aff'd, 356 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. 2011) ................................................................... 11
Lebohm v. City of Galveston,
154 Tex. 192, 275 S.W.2d 951 (1955) ............................................................. 14
Loram Maint. of Way, Inc. v. Ianni,
210 S.W.3d 593 (Tex. 2006) ............................................................................ 19
Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding,
289 S.W.3d 844 (Tex. 2009) .............................................................................. 9
Medina v. Lopez-Roman,
49 S.W.3d 393 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, pet. denied) ...............................21, 22
Methodist Healthcare Sys. of San Antonio, Ltd., L.L.P. v. Rankin,
307 S.W.3d 283 (Tex. 2010) .......................................................................12, 18
Nolan v. Hughes,
349 S.W.3d 209 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.) ......................................... 10
vii
Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal Co.,
335 S.W.3d 126 (Tex. 2010) ............................................................................ 12
Safeco Lloyds Ins. Co. v. Allstate Ins. Co.,
308 S.W.3d 49 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2009, no pet.) ................................... 9
Sax v. Votteler,
648 S.W.2d 661 (Tex. 1983) ............................................................................ 24
Schepps v. Presbyterian Hosp. of Dallas,
652 S.W.2d 934 (Tex. 1983) ............................................................................ 23
Shah v. Moss,
67 S.W.3d 836 (Tex. 2001)...................................................................10, 11, 25
Smith v. Davis,
426 S.W.2d 827 (Tex. 1968) ............................................................................ 12
Tenet Hosps. Ltd. v. Rivera,
445 S.W.3d 698 (Tex. 2014) ..................................................... 12, 13, 14, 18, 19
Tex. Mun. Power Agency v. Pub. Util. Comm'n of Tex.,
253 S.W.3d 184 (Tex. 2007) .........................................................................9, 10
Tex. Nat'l Guard Armory Bd. v. McCraw,
132 Tex. 613, 126 S.W.2d 627 (1939) ............................................................. 12
Texas W. Oaks Hosp., LP v. Williams,
371 S.W.3d 171 (Tex. 2012) ............................................................................ 21
Thomas v. Oldham,
895 S.W.2d 352 (Tex. 1995) ............................................................................ 13
Weiner v. Wasson,
900 S.W.2d 316 (Tex. 1995) ........................................................... 14, 15, 18, 20
Yancy v. United Surgical Partners Int'l, Inc.,
236 S.W.3d 778 (Tex. 2007) ............................................................................ 13
Zweig v. S. Texas Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates, PLLC,
373 S.W.3d 605 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.) ............................... 11
viii
Statutes Page(s)
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.001 .............................................................. 15
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.001(a) .......................................................... 14
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.001(b).......................................................... 14
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.003 .............................................................. 15
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.003(a) .......................................................... 14
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.051(a) .......................................................... 20
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.051(c) .......................................................... 20
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.052(a) .......................................................... 23
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a) ........................................... 9, 11, 24, 25
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 51.014(d) (Vernon 2011)............................. xiii, 7
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 51.014(f) (Vernon 2011)....................... xiii, xiv, 7
TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 4590i, § 4.01(c) .................................................. 24
TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 4590i, § 10.01................................................24, 25
Rules Page(s)
TEX. CONST. art. I, § 13........................................................................................ 13
TEX. R. APP. P. 39.1 .............................................................................................. iv
TEX. R. APP. P. 39.7 .............................................................................................. iv
TEX. R. APP. P. 56.1(b)(1) .................................................................................... 19
Other Page(s)
Act of May 30, 1977, 65th Leg., R.S., ch. 817, § 4.01(c),
1977 Tex. Gen. Laws 2039, 2047..................................................................... 24
ix
Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847............. 15
Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.01,
2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847 ................................................................................ 16
Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.09,
2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847 ................................................................................ 25
Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.11,
2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847 .....................................................................16, 17, 18
x
NO. 04-14-00803-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., ET AL.,
Appellants
v.
GABRIELA LOPEZ,
Appellee.
On Appeal from the 341st District Court
Webb County, Texas, Cause No. 2013CVT 000841-D3
(Hon. Beckie Palomo)
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS
TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE FOURTH COURT OF
APPEALS:
Appellants Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G. (“Dr. Montalvo”),
Winder N. Vasquez, M.D. (“Dr. Vasquez”), Miguel E. Najera, J.D. Executor of the
Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D., Deceased (“Dr. Najera”), and Laredo Regional
Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital of Laredo (“DHL”), (collectively
“Appellants”) submit this Brief of Appellants in accordance with Rules 9.4 and 38
of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure and all local rules of this Court. In
support of this appeal from the denial of Appellants’ motions for summary
judgment, Appellants respectfully allege as follows:
xi
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On May 17, 2013, Gabriela Lopez (“Ms. Lopez” or “Appellee”) filed this
health care liability claim against Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G.
(“Dr. Montalvo”), Winder N. Vasquez, M.D. (“Dr. Vasquez”), Miguel E. Najera,
J.D. Executor of the Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D., Deceased (“Dr. Najera”),
Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital of Laredo (“DHL”),
(collectively “Appellants”), and various other Defendants, alleging that Appellants
were negligent in their care and treatment of Appellee on or about December 11,
2005 to December 17, 2005. (CR 27).1 Appellee asserted negligence and gross
negligence claims against Appellants and vicarious liability claims against DHL.
(CR 33-46). Appellee amended her petition on November 5, 2013, and January 27,
2014, to include responses and/or counter defenses to Appellants’ alleged
affirmative defenses or theories. (CR 267-271, 453-460).
On July 30, 2013, Appellant Vasquez filed his Traditional Motion for
Summary Judgment (CR 77-82), followed by Appellants Montalvo, Najera, and
DHL on August 21, 22, and 27, 2013, respectively (CR 105-110, 119-124, 174-
183), on the grounds that Appellee’s claims are barred by the statute of limitations.
(Id.). Appellee filed responses to the motions (CR 277-286, 334-355, 356-363,
484-500), and supplemental responses. (CR 464-474, 563-578). Several
1
Appellants will refer to the Clerk’s Record as (CR [page #]), the Reporter’s Record as
([vol. #] RR [page #]), and the Appendix as (Apx. [Tab #]).
xii
Appellants filed replies. (CR 420-425, 557-562, 579-584). The district court held
a hearing on Appellants’ motions (1 RR 3-54), and on March 19, 2014, signed
orders denying Appellants’ motions. (CR 587, 599, 611, 623; Apx. Tab A).
Appellants filed a Motion for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory Order (CR
635-640), setting it for hearing on May 5, 2014, at which time the trial court
verbally granted Appellants’ motion. (2 RR 14). On November 3, 2014, the trial
court signed an Amended Order Denying Defendants’ Motions for Summary
Judgment and Granting Defendants’ Motion for Permission to Appeal
Interlocutory Order. (CR 656-662; Apx. Tab B). On November 18, 2014,
Appellants filed their Petition for Permission to Appeal the November 3, 2014
Interlocutory Order with this Court, Appellee filed her response on December 15,
2014, and Appellants filed their reply on December 19, 2014.2 On January 7,
2015, the Court granted Appellants’ Petition. (Apx. Tab C).
STATEMENT OF THE JURISDICTION
This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to sections 51.014(d) and 51.014(f) of
the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §§
51.014(d), (f) (Vernon 2011). The trial court signed an amended order permitting
interlocutory appeal on the basis that (1) the order involves controlling questions of
law as to which there are substantial grounds for differences of opinion, and (2) an
2
See Case Events log in Case No. 04-14-00803-CV, Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D.,
F.A.C.O.G., et al. v. Gabriela Lopez, available at:
http://www.search.txcourts.gov/Case.aspx?cn=04-14-00803-CV&coa=coa04.
xiii
immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate termination
of the litigation. Further, this Court accepted the appeal of the trial court’s
amended order pursuant to section 51.014(f). See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §
51.014(f); (Apx. Tab C).
xiv
ISSUES PRESENTED
1. Did the trial court err in denying Appellants’ motions for summary judgment
based on the statute of limitations for health care liability claims governed
by Chapter 74 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code? This issue
necessarily includes the following sub-issues:
a. Health care liability claims are governed by the two-year statute of
limitations period in section 74.251(a) of the Texas Civil Practice and
Remedies Code. Are Appellee’s claims barred by limitations where it
is undisputed that the treatment at issue occurred in December 2005
but Appellee did not file suit until May 2013?
b. Courts begin with the presumption that statutes—like the limitations
period in section 74.251(a)—are valid and constitutional. Did
Appellee meet her burden to establish that the limitations period in
section 74.251(a) is unconstitutional as to minors under the open
courts provision of the Texas Constitution, such that Appellee had
until her 20th birthday to file suit?
c. If Appellee’s open courts challenge is successful such that sections
16.001 and 16.003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code
provide the limitations and tolling periods for Appellee’s health care
liability claims, is Appellee entitled to use the provisions of section
74.051 regarding pre-suit notice and authorization for release of
protected health information to tack-on an additional 75-day tolling
period?
.
xv
STATEMENT OF FACTS
A. Appellee’s Allegations
Appellee alleges that, on or about December 11, 2005 (at age 12), she was
admitted to DHL’s emergency department. (CR 31, 429). There, Dr. Montalvo
diagnosed Appellee with acute abdominal pelvic pain, a left ovarian cyst, and
suspected adnexal torsion. (Id.). On December 13, 2005, Dr. Montalvo performed
a diagnostic laproscopy procedure, and later due to a decrease in Appellee’s blood
pressure and tachycardia, Dr. Montalvo proceeded with an exploratory open
laparotomy procedure. (CR 31, 429-30). Dr. Montalvo isolated some but not all
of the ongoing bleeding and achieved only partial hemostasis. (CR 31, 430). After
she was believed to be stabilized, Dr. Montalvo removed Appellee’s ovarian
cyst(s). (Id.). Lacerations in the retroperitoneum were assessed by Dr. Montalvo,
and he attempted to isolate the hemostasis and suture the lacerations. (Id.).
Appellee’s blood loss was estimated at 1500 cc. (CR 430). Following these
surgical procedures, Appellee was taken to a postoperative care unit for potential
recovery. (Id.).
Postoperatively Appellee experienced hypotension, and was assessed by Dr.
Najera and/or Dr. Montalvo with intra-abdominal bleeding, and was returned to the
operating room for surgery later on December 13, 2005. (CR 32, 430). Dr. Najera,
assisted by Dr. Montalvo, performed an exploratory laparotomy procedure with
findings of lacerations or injuries of the left iliac artery and vein, and intra-
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 1
abdominal bleeding, and clamped the abdominal aorta and repaired the iliac blood
vessels. (Id.). Afterward, Appellee was taken to the ICU. (Id.).
After transfer to the ICU, on or about December 13, 2005, Appellee
developed manifestations of shock, anuria, and hypotension, and upon a diagnosis
of bleeding versus abdominal compartment syndrome of her illness or condition by
Dr. Najera and Dr. Montalvo, Appellee was taken back to the operating room for
surgery for the third time that day. (CR 32, 430). Dr. Najera, assisted by Dr.
Montalvo, performed an exploratory laparotomy procedure related to abdominal
compartment syndrome. (Id.). During the surgery, Dr. Najera and Dr. Montalvo
assessed that there was scant amount of blood and her intestine in the abdominal
cavity came out as being in tension inside her abdomen. (CR 431). Appellee’s
vital signs improved, she began urinary output, and her blood pressure was
stabilized. (Id.). Dr. Najera and Dr. Montalvo surgically left Appellee’s
abdominal cavity opened, covered with dressings and a vacuum device, and with
two Jackson-Pratt drains. (Id.). Afterwards, Appellee was assessed as being in
stable but critical condition and was returned to the ICU for further care and
treatment. (Id.).
Postoperatively, Appellee received medical care and treatment from Dr.
Montalvo, Dr. Najera, Dr. Vasquez, and the DHL nurses and other health providers
on or about December 13, 2005 to December 17, 2005. (CR 431). On or about the
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 2
evening of December 15, 2005, Dr. Holzknecht, an orthopedic surgeon, examined
Appellee and diagnosed her with compartment syndrome of the left leg to include
interior, lateral and posterior compartments. (CR 431). On or about December 16,
2005, Appellee was again taken back to surgery where Dr. Holzknecht performed a
fasciotomy surgical procedure of four compartment syndrome and debridement of
muscle of Appellee’s left leg. (Id.). On or about December 16 or 17, 2005,
Appellee was discharged from DHL and transported to McAllen Medical Center.
(CR 432).
B. Theories of Liability
On May 17, 2013, Appellee filed her original petition asserting health care
liability claims against Appellants. (CR 27). Appellee alleged the Doctor
Appellants breached their duties by engaging in one or more acts or omissions
constituting negligence, including failure to provide timely and proper medical
diagnosis, assessment, evaluation, treatment, and/or therapy for Gabriela Lopez’s
conditions and/or injuries and that Appellants, individually, and/or by and through
their employee(s), servant(s), or agent(s) engaged in other acts and/or omissions or
departures from reasonable, prudent, and accepted standards of medical care and/or
health care in the diagnosis, assessment, care, and treatment of Gabriela Lopez’s
above-described conditions and injuries. (CR 434-38).
Additionally, Appellee alleged DHL was negligent in failing to properly
supervise the quality of medical, nursing, and hospital care and treatment of
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 3
Gabriela Lopez’s illnesses, conditions, and/or injuries. (CR 439-40). Appellee
alleged that DHL is vicariously liable for the negligence of its employees, agents,
etc. in their hospital, administrative, medical, health care and/or nursing diagnosis,
assessment, care, and treatment of Gabriela Lopez’s illnesses, injuries, and
conditions. (Id.). Appellee further alleged that DHL failed to establish proper
policies and practices related to direction and supervision of the medical, surgical,
nursing, and/or health care treatment of Gabriela Lopez. (Id.).
C. Appellants File Motions for Summary Judgment
On July 30, 2013, Appellant Vasquez filed his Traditional Motion for
Summary Judgment (CR 77-82), followed by Appellants Montalvo, Najera, and
DHL, respectively (CR 105-10, 119-24, 174-83), on the grounds that Appellee’s
claims are barred by the statute of limitations within section 74.251(a) of the Texas
Civil Practice and Remedies Code because Appellee filed suit against Appellants
seven (7) years five (5) months after the care in question. (Id.).
Appellee responded, asserting that Appellants were not entitled to summary
judgment based on limitations because Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code
section 74.251 is unconstitutional under the open courts provision of the Texas
Constitution and Appellee was a minor at the time her cause of action accrued.
(CR 280-83, 339-41, 488-91). Because of this, Appellee asserted that her claims
are governed by the statute of limitations and tolling provisions of sections 16.001
and 16.003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code such that she had until
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 4
her 20th birthday on March 11, 2013 to file suit. (Id.). Appellee further asserted
that because she sent pre-suit statutory notice of a written claim accompanied by
the appropriate authorization form for release of protected health information to the
defendants on March 8, 2013, Appellee was entitled to the 75-day tolling period in
section 74.051(c) of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. (CR 283-84, 342-43,
361-62, 491-92). Appellee asserted that after tolling, her deadline for filing suit
was May 22, 2013 such that her petition filed on May 17, 2013 was timely. (CR
282-83, 342-43, 360-62, 491-92).
Appellants Vasquez, Montalvo, and Najera replied, generally responding
that no case law supports that the tolling provisions in section 74.051(c) provide
Appellant with an additional 75 days to file suit after her 20th birthday, and that
Appellee had not proven that section 74.251(a) is unconstitutional. (CR 421-22,
558-59, 580-81). Appellee filed several supplemental responses. (CR 464-78,
563-78).
On March 5, 2014 the trial court heard the Appellants’ motions for summary
judgment (1 RR 3-54), and on March 19, 2014, signed orders denying Appellants’
motions. (CR 587, 599, 611, 623; Apx. Tab A).
D. Proceedings After Trial Court Denied Appellants’ Motions for
Summary Judgment
On April 2, 2014, Appellants filed their Motion for Permission to Appeal
Interlocutory Order. (CR 635-43). Appellants asserted that the statute of
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 5
limitations bars Appellee’s claims, and no Texas court had considered the issue of
whether the filing of a notice of claim letter gives a plaintiff who is a minor at the
time of her injury two years and 75 days from the date of her eighteenth birthday to
file suit. (Id.). Appellants urged that granting the appeal would possibly save
considerable time and expense and would materially advance the ultimate
termination of the litigation. (Id.). Appellee opposed the motion. (Id.).
The trial court held a hearing on the motion and determined that it should be
granted (2 RR 14), and on November 3, 2014 signed a written Amended Order
Denying Defendants’ Motions for Summary Judgment and Granting Defendants’
Motion for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory Order. (CR 656-72; Apx. Tab B).
The trial court substantively ruled that section 74.251(a) is unconstitutional as to
minors such that sections 16.001 and 16.003 of the Civil Practice and Remedies
Code govern Appellee’s claims, and that section 74.051(c) further tolled
limitations until May 22, 2013 such that Appellee’s suit filed May 17, 2013 was
timely. (CR 657-68).
The trial court further ruled that the order presented two controlling
questions of law as to which there is a substantial ground for a difference of
opinion, and that an immediate appeal of the amended order might materially
advance the ultimate termination of the litigation. (CR 657-68, 677).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 6
E. Appellants’ Petition for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory
Order in this Court
On November 18, 2014, Appellants filed their Petition for Permission to
Appeal Interlocutory Order, pursuant to sections 51.014(d) and (f) of the Texas
Civil Practice and Remedies Code, stating that this Court should accept
Appellants’ appeal as the trial court’s order involves two controlling questions of
law regarding the applicable statute of limitations and whether Appellee may
invoke pre-suit notice tolling provisions to save her claims. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. &
REM. CODE § 51.014(d), (f).3 Appellee filed her response to the petition on
December 15, 2014, and Appellants filed a reply on December 19, 2015. On
January 7, 2015, this Court issued its Order granting Appellants’ petition and this
appeal ensued. (Apx. Tab C).
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellee’s suit is barred by the statute of limitations. Thus, the trial court
erred when it denied Appellants’ motions for summary judgment based on
limitations, and this Court should reverse the trial court’s order and render
judgment that Appellee take nothing on her claims against Appellants.
Appellee’s suit is based on medical treatment she received from Appellants
during December 2005. Health care liability claims are governed by the two-year
3
See Case Events log in Case No. 04-14-00803-CV, Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D.,
F.A.C.O.G., et al. v. Gabriela Lopez, available at:
http://www.search.txcourts.gov/Case.aspx?cn=04-14-00803-CV&coa=coa04.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 7
statute of limitations in section 74.251(a) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies
Code. While each Appellant was involved in different aspects of Appellee’s care,
the last possible date of treatment by all Appellants was December 17, 2005. Thus,
Appellee was required to file her suit no later than December 17, 2007. Appellee
failed to do so, instead filing suit on May 17, 2013. Therefore, Appellee’s suit is
barred by limitations.
Appellee has urged that, because she was a minor at the time of treatment,
the statute of limitations in section 74.251(a) is unconstitutional as applied to
minors under the open courts provision of the Texas Constitution. Appellee failed
to demonstrate that section 74.251(a) is unreasonable. Rather, she merely posits
that the limitations and tolling provisions of section 16.001 and 16.003 of the
Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code apply and gave her until her 20th birthday
to file suit. The Texas Supreme Court has not addressed the constitutionality of
section 74.251(a) as applied to minors. But even if 74.251(a) does not apply such
that Appellee had until her 20th birthday to file suit, she did not do so. She filed
suit more than two months after her 20th birthday. Appellee’s suit is barred by
limitations.
Appellee was not entitled to an additional 75-day tolling period based on the
pre-suit notice provisions in Chapter 74. If, as Appellee urges, the limitations and
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 8
tolling provisions of sections 16.001 and 16.003 govern her suit, she cannot claim
the additional benefit of a 75-day tolling period borrowed from Chapter 74.
Appellee’s suit was untimely. Therefore, the trial court erred in denying
Appellants’ motions for summary judgment based on limitations. This Court
should reverse the trial court’s order and render judgment that Appellee’s claims
are barred by limitations and that she take nothing in all claims against Appellants.
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
I. Appellee’s Suit Is Barred by Limitations
Appellee’s suit is barred by the two-year statute of limitations governing
health care liability claims. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a).
Appellee’s cause of action accrued in December 2005. She did not file suit until
May 2013, and her suit is untimely. Thus, the trial court erred in denying
Appellants’ motions for summary judgment based on the statute of limitations, and
this Court should reverse the trial court’s order and render judgment that Appellee
take nothing on her claims.
A. Standard of Review
An appellate court reviews the grant or denial of a motion for summary
judgment de novo. Safeco Lloyds Ins. Co. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 308 S.W.3d 49, 52
(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2009, no pet.) (citing Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp
Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 847 (Tex. 2009); Tex. Mun. Power
Agency v. Pub. Util. Comm'n of Tex., 253 S.W.3d 184, 192 (Tex. 2007)). In a
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 9
traditional motion for summary judgment, the movant has the burden of showing
there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Id.
When a defendant moves for summary judgment on an affirmative defense,
such as the statute of limitations, the defendant must conclusively prove each
element of that defense. Shah v. Moss, 67 S.W.3d 836, 842 (Tex. 2001); City of
San Antonio v. Hernandez, 53 S.W.3d 404, 407 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001,
pet. denied). If a movant establishes that the statute of limitations bars the action,
the non-movant must then adduce summary judgment proof raising a fact issue in
avoidance of the statute of limitations. Nolan v. Hughes, 349 S.W.3d 209, 212
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). Evidence favorable to the non-movant is taken
as true, and every reasonable inference in favor of the non-movant will be resolved
in its favor. City of San Antonio, 53 S.W.3d at 407.
B. Appellee’s Claims Are Barred by the Statute of Limitations in
Section 74.251(a)
Appellee’s claims are barred by the two-year statute of limitations in
Chapter 74. There is no dispute that Appellee’s claims are for health care liability.
(See CR 277, 334). Chapter 74 imposes a two-year statute of limitations for health
care liability claims:
(a) Notwithstanding any other law and subject to Subsection (b), no
health care liability claim may be commenced unless the action is
filed within two years from the occurrence of the breach or tort or
from the date the medical or health care treatment that is the subject of
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 10
the claim or the hospitalization for which the claim is made is
completed; provided that, minors under the age of 12 years shall have
until their 14th birthday in which to file, or have filed on their behalf,
the claim. Except as herein provided this section applies to all persons
regardless of minority or other legal disability.
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a). The “notwithstanding any other law”
language of section 74.251(a) imposes an absolute two-year limitations period on
health care liability claims. Kimbrell v. Molinet, 288 S.W.3d 464, 468 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio 2008), aff'd, 356 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. 2011).
Here, Appellants submitted summary judgment evidence conclusively
establishing that Appellee’s claims are barred by the two-year statute of limitations
in section 74.251(a). The care rendered by the Appellants took place no later than
December 17, 2005. (CR 31-32, 84-87, 111, 131-32, 196-97). Thus, Appellee’s
cause of action accrued no later than December 17, 2005.4 Under section
74.251(a), Appellee was required to file suit by December 17, 2007. It is
undisputed that Appellee did not file her suit until May 17, 2013. (CR 26-27).
Thus, under section 74.251(a), Appellee’s claims are barred. See TEX. CIV. PRAC.
& REM. CODE § 74.251(a). This Court should reverse the trial court’s order and
render judgment that Appellee take nothing against Appellants.
4
A plaintiff may not choose for accrual the most favorable date that falls within section
74.251(a)’s three categories. Zweig v. S. Texas Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgical Associates,
PLLC, 373 S.W.3d 605, 610 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.) (citing Shah v. Moss, 67
S.W.3d 836, 841 (Tex. 2001)). Rather, if the date the alleged tort occurred is ascertainable,
limitations must begin on that date. Id.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 11
C. Section 74.251(a) Not Unconstitutional
In response to Appellants’ motions for summary judgment based on
limitations, Appellee claimed that the strict statute of limitations in section
74.251(a) does not apply under an open courts challenge to the statute, based on
Appellee’s status as a minor at the time she received treatment. (CR 280-83, 339-
41, 488-91). But the Texas Supreme Court has not ruled on the constitutionality of
section 74.251(a) as applied to minors, and Appellee failed to establish that the
statute is unconstitutional.
When examining the constitutionality of a statute, courts begin with the
presumption that the statute is valid. Tenet Hosps. Ltd. v. Rivera, 445 S.W.3d 698,
701 (Tex. 2014) (quoting Robinson v. Crown Cork & Seal Co., 335 S.W.3d 126,
146 (Tex. 2010) (“To be sure, courts must be mindful that statutes are not to be set
aside lightly.”)). “We presume that the Legislature has not acted unreasonably or
arbitrarily; and a mere difference of opinion, where reasonable minds could differ,
is not a sufficient basis for striking down legislation as arbitrary or unreasonable.”
Methodist Healthcare Sys. of San Antonio, Ltd., L.L.P. v. Rankin, 307 S.W.3d 283,
285 (Tex. 2010) (quoting Smith v. Davis, 426 S.W.2d 827, 831 (Tex. 1968)). “The
burden is on him who attacks a law for unconstitutionality and courts need not
exert their ingenuity to find reasons for holding the law invalid.” Id. (quoting Tex.
Nat'l Guard Armory Bd. v. McCraw, 132 Tex. 613, 126 S.W.2d 627, 634 (1939)).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 12
The open courts provision of the Texas Constitution provides: “All courts
shall be open and every person for an injury done him, in his lands, goods, person
or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law.” TEX. CONST. art. I, § 13.
This requirement “guarantees that a common law remedy will not be unreasonably
abridged.” Tenet Hosps., 445 S.W.3d at 703. This guarantee operates quite
differently from a tolling provision. Id. Tolling provisions generally defer accrual
of a claim until the plaintiff knew, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should
have known, the facts giving rise to the claim. Id. By contrast, “the open courts
provision merely gives litigants a reasonable time to discover their injuries and file
suit,” and courts must determine what constitutes a reasonable time frame. Id.
(quoting Yancy v. United Surgical Partners Int'l, Inc., 236 S.W.3d 778, 785 (Tex.
2007)).
To establish an open courts violation, the party challenging a statute must
show that (1) the statute restricts a well-recognized, common law cause of action,
and (2) the restriction is unreasonable or arbitrary when balanced against the
statute’s purpose. Lund. v. Giauque, 416 S.W.3d 122, 127 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 2013, no pet.) (citing Thomas v. Oldham, 895 S.W.2d 352, 357 (Tex.
1995)). This two-pronged inquiry applies to open courts issues whether the
underlying challenge is an as-applied or a facial attack. Id. (citing Boyd v. Kallam,
152 S.W.3d 670, 680 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied)). Additionally,
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 13
the Texas Supreme Court has explained its longstanding test for whether a law
violates the open courts provision: (1) if the law imposes substitute remedies,
whether those remedies are reasonable, or (2), relevant here, if the law extinguishes
remedies, whether such action is a reasonable exercise of the police power. Tenet
Hosps., 445 S.W.3d at 705 (citing Lebohm v. City of Galveston, 154 Tex. 192, 275
S.W.2d 951, 955 (1955)).
As discussed, section 74.251(a) imposes a strict two-year statute of
limitations. Some claimants have successfully argued that the limitations period in
section 74.251(a)’s predecessor is unconstitutional under the open courts provision
of the Texas Constitution. See Weiner v. Wasson, 900 S.W.2d 316 (Tex. 1995). In
Weiner, the supreme court held that because section 10.01 of article 4590i (the
statute of limitations provision in Chapter 74’s predecessor) was unconstitutional
under the open courts provision of the Texas Constitution as applied to minors, the
statute of limitations and tolling provisions applicable to minors pursuing medical
negligence claims are contained in sections 16.001 and 16.003 of the Civil Practice
and Remedies Code.5 Id. at 320-31. The Court stated that section 16.003
5
Section 16.003 provides a general two-year statute of limitations for personal injury
claims: “Except as provided by Sections 16.010, 16.0031, and 16.0045, a person must bring suit
for . . . personal injury . . . not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues.”
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 16.003(a). Section 16.001 describes the effect of disability on
the limitations period: “For the purposes of this subchapter, a person is under a legal disability if
the person is . . . younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the person is married . . . If
a person entitled to bring a personal action is under a legal disability when the cause of action
accrues, the time of the disability is not included in a limitations period.” Id. § 16.001(a), (b).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 14
establishes a two-year limitations period, but section 16.001 tolls this period until
the minor reaches age eighteen. Id. at 321. Together, these sections require a
minor to file a claim before reaching age twenty for personal injuries sustained
during the period of minority. Id. (citing TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §§ 16.001,
16.003).
Later, in Adams v. Gottwald, 179 S.W.3d 101, 103 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2005, pet. denied), this Court held that section 74.251(a) is similarly
unconstitutional under the open courts provision, where the minor filed suit before
her 20th birthday but after the expiration of the section 74.251(a) limitations
period. Id. at 102. Appellee urges that Weiner and Adams govern the application
of section 74.251 to her claim because Appellee was a minor (age 12) at the time
of the treatment giving rise to this dispute.6 (See CR 281-83, 339-41).
But Adams involved a claim filed by the plaintiff’s parents well before the
child’s 20th birthday, and no other Texas appellate court has considered whether
section 74.251(a) is unconstitutional as applied to all minors, or under the facts of
this case. The Legislature undertook a major overhaul of medical malpractice law
in 2003 with the passage of House Bill 4. See generally, Act of June 2, 2003, 78th
Leg., R.S., ch. 204, 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847. Within that bill, the Legislature
reaffirmed its commitment to reducing the uncertainty surrounding unknown,
6
Appellee was born on March 11, 1993. (CR 228). The health care at issue occurred in
December 2005. (CR 31-32, 429-32).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 15
potential claims by minors by including the limitations period addressing minors in
section 74.251(a), and it addressed and detailed the reasons for its actions through
findings in support of the limitations period, and thus, demonstrated the important
purpose of the statute which was enacted in the interest of the general welfare. See
id. §§ 10.01, 10.11.7 Thus, even after Weiner,8 the Legislature believed that
7
Section 10.11 of Acts 2003, 78th Leg., Ch. 204 provides:
(a) The Legislature of the State of Texas finds that:
(1) the number of health care liability claims (frequency) has increased since 1995
inordinately;
(2) the filing of legitimate health care liability claims in Texas is a contributing
factor affecting medical professional liability rates;
(3) the amounts being paid out by insurers in judgments and settlements (severity)
have likewise increased inordinately in the same short period;
(4) the effect of the above has caused a serious public problem in availability of
and affordability of adequate medical professional liability insurance;
(5) the situation has created a medical malpractice insurance crisis in Texas;
(6) this crisis has had material adverse effect on the delivery of medical and health
care in Texas, including significant reductions of availability of medical and
health care services to the people of Texas and a likelihood of further reductions
in the future;
(7) the crisis has had a substantial impact on the physicians and hospitals of Texas
and the cost to physicians and hospitals for adequate medical malpractice
insurance has dramatically risen, with cost impact on patients and the public;
(8) the direct cost of medical care to the patient and public of Texas has materially
increased due to the rising cost of malpractice insurance and protection for
physicians and hospitals of Texas;
(9) the crisis has increased the cost of medical care both directly through fees and
indirectly through additional services provided for protection against future suits
or claims, and defensive medicine has resulted in increasing cost to patients,
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 16
private insurers, and Texas and has contributed to the general inflation that has
marked health care in recent years;
(10) satisfactory insurance coverage for adequate amounts of insurance in this
area is often not available at any price;
(11) the combined effect of the defects in the medical, insurance, and legal
systems has caused a serious public problem both with respect to the availability
of coverage and to the high rates being charged by insurers for medical
professional liability insurance to some physicians, health care providers, and
hospitals; and
(12) the. adoption of certain modifications in the medical, insurance, and legal
systems, the total effect of which is currently undetermined, will have a positive
effect on the rates charged by insurers for medical professional liability insurance.
(b) Because of the conditions stated in Subsection (a) of this section, it is the
purpose of this article to improve and modify the system by which health care
liability claims are determined in order to:
(1) reduce excessive frequency and severity of health of health care liability
claims through reasonable improvements and modifications in the Texas
insurance, tort, and medical practice system;
(2) decrease the cost of those claims and ensure that awards are rationally related
to actual damages;
(3) do so in a manner that will not unduly restrict a claimant's rights any more
than necessary to deal with the crisis;
(4) make available to physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers
protection against potential liability through the insurance mechanism at
reasonably affordable rates;
(5) make affordable medical and health care more accessible and available to the
citizens of Texas;
(6) make certain modifications in the medical, insurance, and legal systems in
order to determine whether or not there will be an effect on rates charged by
insurers for medical professional liability insurance; and
(7) make certain modifications to the liability laws as they relate to health care
liability claims only and with an intention of the legislature to not extend or apply
such modifications of liability laws to any other areas of the Texas legal system or
tort law.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 17
curbing health care litigation and costs through the use of a statute of limitations
period applicable to minors was a reasonable exercise of the Legislature’s power,
including its police power in the interest of the general welfare, even when
balanced against the restrictions it might place upon some claimants. See
Methodist Healthcare Sys., Ltd., L.L.P. v. Rankin, 307 S.W.3d 283, 292 (Tex.
2010) (upholding statute of repose created by Legislature in House Bill 4 against
open courts challenge).
Appellee failed to show that Section 74.251(a)’s limitations period
constitutes an unreasonable exercise of the police power in the interest of the
general welfare. See Tenet Hosps., 445 S.W.3d at 705. Indeed, legislative action
that is not arbitrary or unreasonable and thus, is a reasonable exercise of the police
power in the interest of the general welfare must be sustained. See Rankin, 307
S.W.3d at 286. And the Texas Supreme Court has not ruled on the issue of
whether section 74.251(a) suffers the same constitutional infirmities as its
predecessor in section 10.01, or constitutes an unreasonable exercise of the police
power in the interest of the general welfare, especially in light of the Legislature’s
Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.11, 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 847.
8
The Texas Supreme Court has not nullified the possibility that the abolition of a
common-law cause of action could be justified as a reasonable exercise of police power. Weiner
v. Wasson, 900 S.W.2d 316, 325 (Tex. 1995) (Owen, J., dissenting).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 18
wholesale revisions to Texas medical malpractice law in 2003.9 Appellee did not
meet her burden to show that the statute is unreasonable when balanced against the
statute’s purpose and therefore unconstitutional.
Here, Appellee’s treatment occurred no later than December 17, 2005, and
she was not “under the age of 12 years” at that time. Under section 74.251(a),
Appellee should have filed suit by December 17, 2007. But Appellee did not file
suit until May 17, 2013, more than seven years after treatment, and more than two
months after her 20th birthday. Appellee’s suit is therefore barred by the two-year
statute of limitations in section 74.251(a). This Court should reverse the trial
court’s order and render judgment that Appellee’s claims are barred by the statute
of limitations and that she take nothing on all claims against Appellants.
D. Even if Sections 16.001 and 16.003 Apply, Lopez’s Claims Are
Barred by Limitations
Even if the two-year limitation period in section 74.251(a) is
unconstitutional as applied to minors—which Appellants dispute—Appellee’s
claims are still barred because she did not file suit until after her 20th birthday.
Again, if Weiner and Adams apply, or if the section 74.251(a) is an
unreasonable exercise of the Legislature’s police power, Appellee would have had
until her 20th birthday—March 11, 2013—to file this suit. But Appellee did not
9
The supreme court does not defer to lower courts’ construction of statutes. See Tenet
Hosps., 445 S.W.3d at 702. While the supreme court denied review in Adams, this denial is not a
comment on the merits of the issue. Loram Maint. of Way, Inc. v. Ianni, 210 S.W.3d 593, 596
(Tex. 2006) (citing TEX. R. APP. P. 56.1(b)(1)).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 19
file suit until May 17, 2013, 67 days after her 20th birthday. Thus, Appellee’s suit
is still untimely. See Weiner, 900 S.W.2d at 321.
Appellee contends that the deadline to file her suit was additionally tolled by
the service of pre-suit notices of claim and authorizations for release of protected
health information. (CR 283-84, 342-44, 361-62, 491-92). A Chapter 74 claimant
may extend the two-year statute of limitations by 75 days by complying with the
statute’s pre-suit notice provisions:
(a) Any person or his authorized agent asserting a health care liability
claim shall give written notice of such claim by certified mail, return
receipt requested, to each physician or health care provider against
whom such claim is being made at least 60 days before the filing of a
suit in any court of this state based upon a health care liability claim.
The notice must be accompanied by the authorization form for release
of protected health information as required under Section 74.052.
***
(c) Notice given as provided in this chapter shall toll the applicable
statute of limitations to and including a period of 75 days following
the giving of the notice, and this tolling shall apply to all parties and
potential parties.
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §§ 74.051(a), (c). To toll the statute of limitations
pursuant to Chapter 74, a plaintiff must provide both the statutorily required notice
and the statutorily required authorization form. Jose Carreras, M.D., P.A. v.
Marroquin, 339 S.W.3d 68, 74 (Tex. 2011). The purpose for the notice and
disclosure requirements is to encourage the parties to negotiate and settle disputes
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 20
prior to suit. Texas W. Oaks Hosp., LP v. Williams, 371 S.W.3d 171, 189 (Tex.
2012).
No Texas court has directly addressed whether a minor who is allowed to
toll accrual of limitations until her 18th birthday through Chapter 16 of the Civil
Practice and Remedies Code (giving her until her 20th birthday to file suit) is
allowed an additional 75-day tolling period based on pre-suit notice. However, the
court of appeals’ decision in Medina v. Lopez-Roman10 suggests that such a
claimant is not entitled to an additional 75 days of tolling.
There, plaintiff Medina—who was 14 years old—received treatment from
the defendants after sustaining a fall at a treatment center. Medina, 49 S.W.3d at
395. A few months later, at age 15, Medina sent pre-suit notice letters and filed
suit against Dr. Lopez-Roman, but later non-suited his claims. Id. at 396. After
turning 18 years old, Medina sent pre-suit notice letters to Dr. Lopez-Roman and
Dr. Crane. Id. Medina later filed suit on his 20th birthday. Id. Both physicians
asserted that limitations barred Medina’s suit. Id.
The basis of the physicians’ argument was that Medina should have filed
suit by midnight on the day before his 20th birthday. Id. The court of appeals
rejected this argument and held that Medina had through the day of his 20th
birthday to file suit. Id.
10
49 S.W.3d 393 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, pet. denied).
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 21
Importantly, though, the court’s analysis would have been wholly
unnecessary had the 75-day pre-suit tolling period applied. After all, Medina
served pre-suit notice letters after turning 18 and before re-filing his suit. If these
actions entitled Medina to an additional 75 days past his 20th birthday, there was no
need to analyze whether the suit filed exactly on his 20th birthday was within the
limitations period. Medina therefore suggests that when a claimant relies on the
tolling provisions of Chapter 16 based on an open courts challenge to the statute of
limitations for health care liability claims, the claimant must file suit no later than
her 20th birthday and is not entitled to an additional 75-day tolling period based on
pre-suit notice.
Here, Appellee sent pre-suit notice letters11 on March 8, 2013, just three
days prior to her 20th birthday. (CR 184-90, 287-94). Appellants contend that if
sections 16.001 and 16.003 govern and toll limitations because Chapter 74’s
limitations provision is unconstitutional as to minors, which is not conceded,
Appellee does not get the additional benefit of the 75-day tolling provision in
section 74.051(c). Rather, limitations and tolling of limitations in that instance are
governed solely by Chapter 16 and not by Chapter 74. Thus, Appellee should have
filed suit by her 20th birthday, March 11, 2013. (CR 228). She did not file suit
until May 17, 2013, and her suit is barred by limitations. (CR 26-27).
11
Appellants do not concede that the pre-suit notice letters meet statutory requirements, but
will assume so solely for purposes of this argument.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 22
While Appellee has suggested that the purpose of the pre-suit notice
provisions (encouraging negotiations and settlement prior to suit) would be
undermined if she does not receive the benefit of those provisions, Appellee
already had the benefit of a negotiation period of two years after her 18th birthday.
Further, when a claimant does not give a defendant pre-suit notice with the
authorization for release of protected health information, the suit may be abated
until 60 days following the receipt of such. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §
74.052(a); Schepps v. Presbyterian Hosp. of Dallas, 652 S.W.2d 934, 938 (Tex.
1983). Thus, a period for negotiation and settlement is not undermined when the
plaintiff is not permitted to toll the limitations period. And case law suggests that
the notice provisions were intended to protect health care providers more so than
plaintiffs. See Jose Carreras, M.D., P.A. v. Marroquin, 339 S.W.3d 68, 72-73
(Tex. 2011). Further, the treatment at issue in this suit occurred in 2005. (CR 31-
32). Appellee has never explained why she could not have given notice well
before her 20th birthday and engaged in negotiations, nor why she could not have
filed suit before her 20th birthday.
Appellee has also urged that by use of the phrase “applicable statute of
limitations” in section 74.051(c), the Legislature did not intend to limit tolling to
claims falling under section 74.251(a)’s limitations provision. (CR 466-67). But
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 23
none of Appellee’s previously-cited cases or any other Texas cases have squarely
addressed or held as such.
The Legislature first enacted the 75-day pre-suit notice tolling provision in
section 4.01(c) of article 4590i. See TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 4590i, §
4.01(c), Act of May 30, 1977, 65th Leg., R.S., ch. 817, § 4.01(c), 1977 Tex. Gen.
Laws 2039, 2047. That section also contained the phrase “applicable statute of
limitations.” See id. In using the word “applicable,” the Legislature could not
possibly have been referring to the limitations provisions in Chapter 16 because
Weiner was not decided until 18 years later. The Legislature did not have Weiner
or Sax12 on its radar when it used the term “applicable” because those decisions
had not been handed down. Further, with article 4590i and Chapter 74, the
Legislature took great effort to draft and pass an entire statutory chapter to govern
health care liability claims. Within those acts, the Legislature specified unique
statutes of limitations for health care liability claims and that they would apply
“notwithstanding any other law.” See TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 4590i, §
10.01; TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a). It is simply illogical to
conclude that the Legislature—by the use of the phrase “applicable statute of
limitations”—meant for the tolling provision of section 74.051 (or section 4.01 of
article 4590i) to apply to the limitations provisions governing other claims, such as
12
Sax v. Votteler, 648 S.W.2d 661 (Tex. 1983). The statute at issue in Sax was article 5.82
of the Insurance Code, which did not have a pre-suit notice provision. See id.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 24
those provisions found in sections 16.001 and 16.003 of the Civil Practice and
Remedies Code.
Instead, the term “applicable statute of limitations” in sections 74.051(c) and
4.01(c) referred to the fact that, in health care liability claims, the applicable statute
of limitations is measured from one of three dates: (1) the occurrence of the breach
or tort, (2) the last date of the relevant course of treatment, or (3) the last date of
the relevant hospitalization. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a); see Shah
v. Moss, 67 S.W.3d 836, 841 (Tex. 2001).
Further, by using the phrase “applicable statute of limitations,” the
Legislature may have also referred to the fact that the “applicable” statute of
limitations might actually be longer than two years, through the clause that allowed
minors under the age of 12 to have until their 14th birthday to file suit. TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.251(a); TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 4590i, § 10.01,
repealed by Act of June 2, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 204, § 10.09, 2003 Tex. Gen.
Laws 847, 884.
If section 74.251(a) is considered unconstitutional as to minors, Appellee
had more than seven years from the date of her treatment within which to file suit
or have a suit filed on her behalf. If the statute is unconstitutional, she had the full
benefit of two years after her 18th birthday to file suit herself. If Appellee seeks the
harbor of Chapter 16 to toll accrual of limitations on her claim until her 18th
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 25
birthday, such that she has until her 20th birthday to file suit, no authority provides
she may invoke an additional 75-day tolling period through section 74.051(c).
Appellee’s suit was filed after her 20th birthday, after the limitations period in
Chapter 16 had run. Appellee’s suit was untimely. This Court should reverse the
trial court’s order and render judgment that Appellee’s suit is barred by limitations
and that she take nothing on all claims against Appellants.
CONCLUSION & PRAYER
This Court should reverse the trial court’s order denying Appellants’
motions for summary judgment. Appellee filed suit more than seven years after
the medical treatment at issue in her claims. The two-year statute of limitations in
section 74.251(a) bars Appellee’s claims. Appellee has not shown that the statute
violates the open courts provision of the Texas Constitution.
But even if section 74.251(a) violates the open courts provision, giving
Appellee until her 20th birthday to file suit, she did not do so. Appellee filed suit
more than two months after her 20th birthday, rendering her suit untimely and
barred by the alternative limitations period in section 16.003 of the Texas Civil
Practice and Remedies Code.
Having relied on the limitations and tolling provisions of Chapter 16,
Appellee cannot tack on the additional pre-suit notice tolling provisions in Chapter
74. Appellee had two years after reaching majority in which to prepare her suit
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 26
and engage in pre-suit negotiations, and has offered no reason why she could not
have filed suit by her 20th birthday.
Appellee’s suit is barred by the statute of limitations. Thus, the trial court
erred in denying Appellants’ motions for summary judgment. This Court should
reverse the trial court’s order and render judgment that Appellee take nothing in all
her claims against Appellants.
THEREFORE, Appellants Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G.,
Winder N. Vasquez, M.D., Miguel E. Najera, J.D. Executor of the Estate of Miguel
E. Najera, M.D., Deceased, and Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a
Doctors Hospital of Laredo respectfully pray this Court grant Appellants’ issues on
appeal, reverse that portion of the trial court’s November 3, 2014 Amended Order
denying Appellants’ motions for summary judgment, and render judgment that
Appellee take nothing in all claims against Appellants. Appellants also pray for all
such other and further relief, whether general or special, at law and in equity, as
this Court deems just.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 27
Respectfully submitted,
COOPER & SCULLY, P.C.
By: /s/Diana L. Faust
DIANA L. FAUST
diana.faust@cooperscully.com
State Bar No. 00793717
R. BRENT COOPER
brent.cooper@cooperscully.com
State Bar No. 04783250
KYLE M. BURKE
kyle.burke@cooperscully.com
State Bar No. 24073089
900 Jackson Street, Suite 100
Dallas, Texas 75202
TEL: (214) 712-9500
FAX: (214) 712-9540
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
I hereby certify that this Brief of Appellants was prepared using Microsoft
Word 2003, which indicated that the total word count (exclusive of those items
listed in rule 9.4(i)(1) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, as amended) is
6,792 words.
/s/ Diana L. Faust
DIANA L. FAUST
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 28
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I served a true and correct copy of this Brief of
Appellants upon all counsel of record as indicated below, on this the 9th day of
February, 2015, at the following address:
Mr. Darrell L. Keith VIA EFILE
dkeith@keithlaw.com
Keith Law Firm, P.C.
301 Commerce Street, Suite 2850
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
Counsel for Appellee
Mr. James Kevin Oncken VIA EFILE
kevin@unolaw.com
Mr. Roger A. Berger
rberger@uzickoncken.com
Uzick & Oncken, P.C.
238 Westcott Street
Houston, Texas 77007
Trial Counsel for Appellant
Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D.
Mr. Bruce E. Anderson VIA EFILE
banderson@brinandbrin.com
Mr. James W. Veale, Jr.
jveale@brinandbrin.com
Mr. Loren L. Whyte
lwhyte@brinandbrin.com
Brin & Brin, P.C
6223 IH 10 West
San Antonio, Texas 78201
Trial Counsel for Appellant
Winder N. Vasquez, M.D.
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 29
Mr. W. Richard Wagner VIA EFILE
rwagner@wagnercario.com
Mr. Peter Cario
pcario@wagnercario.com
Wagner Cario, L.L.P.
7718 Broadway, Suite 100
San Antonio, Texas 78209
Trial Counsel for Appellant
Miguel E. Najera, J.D., Executor of
Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D., Deceased
Mr. Steven M. Gonzalez VIA EFILE
Mr. Edward J. Castillo
ecastillo@valleyfirm.com
Gonzalez Castillo, L.L.P.
1317 E. Quebec Avenue
McAllen, Texas 78503
Trial Counsel for Appellant
Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P.
d/b/a Doctors Hospital of Laredo
/s/Diana L. Faust
DIANA L. FAUST
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 30
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
NO. 04-14-00803-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., ET AL.,
Appellants
v.
GABRIELA LOPEZ,
Appellee.
On Appeal from the 341st District Court
Webb County, Texas, Cause No. 2013CVT 000841-D3
(Hon. Beckie Palomo)
APPENDIX TO BRIEF OF APPELLANTS
In compliance with rule 38.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure,
Appellants Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., Winder N. Vasquez,
M.D., Miguel E. Najera, J.D. Executor of the Estate of Miguel E. Najera, M.D.,
Deceased, and Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital of
Laredo submit this Appendix to their Brief of Appellant:
Tab A: March 19, 2014 Orders Denying Defendants’ Motions for
Summary Judgments and Traditional Motion for Summary
Judgment (CR 587, 599, 611, 623)
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 31
Tab B: November 3, 2014 Amended Order Denying Defendants’
Motions for Summary Judgment and Granting Defendants’
Motion for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory Order (CR 656-
661, 677)
Tab C: January 7, 2015 Order Granting Appellants Petition for
Permission to Appeal from an Interlocutory Order
D/920637v4
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS PAGE 32
APPENDIX TAB “A”
587
GABRIELA `LOPEZ IN Tat,DIsllutT COURT
Plaintiff vr:- c.-D, A) m
,77 C:: ---A
vs. -4 I1 re)
-IC:
hi ? = --I2
CD
,. ril
•z) r.. CO
JUAN FRANCISCO,MONTALVO, M.D., § ,...„....,,,
F.A.C.O.G, WINDER, N. VASQUEZ,'W1.D. § 34IST AAA - TwT.,..0 'r..-.:>r-
MIGUEL E. NAJERA, J.D., EXECUTOR §
OF ESTATE OF MIGUEL L NAJERA, M.D., § liz-in
•--I
DECEASED, AND'DOCTORS HOSPITAL §
LAREDO,
Defendants WEJ313 COUNTY, TEXAS
ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT wAcuEL NAJERA, J.D.'S,
AS. EXECUTOR OF Prpu-EICATE OF MIGUEL`NAJERA,NID.'S
MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT-
pow TO:-BE.!1EARD;:OhNiat-eh 5, 2014,.theDefendant Migt41 Naipy#;.J,D;'S,
As Dcectifot' tof the .Estate ,ivrigia, Najora,("Defendant Naje".") .Motion far SUrnmary
Judgment and thd ` 31alniiff") respPtIe tc•msuch .motion in the above styled
,and iniinbeted- cause. the. Plaintiffand Pefendant appeared .by ad& thieUghKtheir.tespeetive attorneys of
'record!and announced ready to procied. After considering the pleadingS, thecaboVereferenced.Oefendant .
isjajera!s motion for sunitita, jUdgMent,:the'Piaintiffs' response, the 'summary 'judgment evidence;. and.
argutnerits of .Plaintiff and Defendant -N.ajeras counsel,: the Court is of opinion that. the above
mentioned i-nbtforifOr. summaryjUdgment of the Defendant Najera should be denied.
IT IS 14P..REFORE:ORDERED thafthe:.Defendarit Najera's Motiori.fcit Summary Judgment is
he-reby DENIED.
opi. t.4.8\
SIGNER AND' ENTERED .thiS.the I .day of
:jITDGETRFSIDING
opki‘pENYINc,pp7.1.F.IANT*-NnqUA14. i,N,/AJP1,,J:p.,:.X.EctrrpR QF ESTATE
rinct.TEL E NAJERA, M.D.'S MOTION FOR STJMNTAitY JUDGMENT PAGE'!
599
cAvsEtsta:io0evr 000841.03
GABRIELA LOPEZ IN THE'D
Plaintiff
vs.
JUAN FIRANCISCOMONTALVO,-NLII.,
WfNliER;N: vAsQpni § 341STIVOICIAL DISTRICT
MIGUEL E. NAJERA, J.D., ENECKTOR §
OF ESTATE OF;Kip-u4 t:NAJEPA, §
DECEASED, AND;DikToitg:Ho'spITAL §
LAREDO,
DefOdants WEBS COUNTY, TEXAS
ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT
WITIDER'N. VASQUEZ, AD'S
TRADITIONALmOtION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
CAIVEC ON TO :BE HEARD' on March 5, 2014, the Defendant Winder N. Vasquez; M.D.'s
("Defendant . Dr. VasqUez":) (TraditiOnal 'Motion :fOr Sumniary Itidgrrient and .,:theflaintiff qabriela Lopez'
(the "Plaintiff') response to. such fitOtitin ;iri, the. above stylecrand.nuffibere4 cause. The Plaintiff, and
Defetidarit,appeared by and through their respective attorneys of record arid announced readylo,proeeed.
After -considering 'the pleadings, • the, arboVs&referenced Defendant ,Dr. Ya§ine;'s traditional' motion' for
'summary judgment, the reipciiise; the traditional surnmary.jUdgrheriteViderice, and arguments.
of Plaintiff and Defendant Dr: tiapvezla counsel, 'the Court is of f,110 OPjiiipp that the'above mentioned
••traditionaHnOtioratir Snitiniaryjudgrribnt of the Defendant Dt. Vagquez'shOurci be denied.
IT TIltREFORE: .ORDERED Defendan yasquez's. Traditidital Motion for
,Sumtnary•Judgment is hereby DtWD.
.44
SIGNED. AND'ENTFOWth ik the . day of
ORDER DENY mg, owNspAr. WINDER N, nEK'S
TRADITIONAL MOTIONfoRrstvimARY JUDGMENT PAGE 1
611
cAijstivD.:10I3CVT*600841--D3
GABRIELA LOPEZ THE,DISTRICT
7,p
•
"VS,
JUAN FRANCISCQ,JVIONTALVO,i §.
WINDER N. VASQUEZ, NI:D. §, '341ST JUD
IVEIGUEL,tiNAYERA,
OF ESTATE'OF 'm-FGu4 E. NAJErti„m:11,, §
DECEASED, AND DOCTORS HOSPITAL §
LAREDO,
Defendants vmpli,CQPNTY, TEXAS
ORDER.DENYIIG DEFENDANT LAREDolitOtoNAL
MEnIcAt, CENTER, D/B/A Dcfcrogs, HO$PITALOF
LAREDO,(IMPROPEREVNAMED AS DOCTORS HOSPITAL
OF tAttEDOI,SY MOTION- FORSUMMARY JUDGMENT
CAME'ON TO BE IMAM) on March 5, 2014, the Defendant Laredo kegional Medical
Center Medical Center,. L.11:, di101,a,PbetOrsHOspital Of Laredo (Impreperly Named. As Doctor's
Hospital Of LaredO's) (156fendant, pow) Motion for Summary ilidgment and the Plaintiff.Gabyieja
Lopez' (the "Plaintiff') response td such motion in the above styled anddiuMb'6red Cause. The:P.)440ff'
.arid Defendant appeared by and :through 'their respective attorneyS• of retOrd and ,announced ready to
proceed. After considering the pleadings; Vie,:aboVe-referented Deferidan(DHPs .niOtion for summary
kidgirient, the' Plaintiff's response, :the ,summary judgment ,evidence, .and arguments of Plaintiff and
bqfpndant, IDHL'S counsel, the COUrt is' of 'the opinion that the above mentioned motiOn' fOr Sutintiasy
,judgment of the DefendantlYKLIshould bedenied,
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Defendant s!s,Motion,for Surnniary judgment is
hereby DENIED.
FI4A
S J G NED,. AND, ENTERED: th s'ith e::
JUDGE' ruslpirtIc
623
CAUSE NO. 2913CVT 000841.03
GABRIELA LOPEZ IN THE DISTRICT COURT
Plaintiff ra P'0 n".
i=4 (-)
-= cprT1
Z rn
vs.
=
I>
•C.) c3
OF ESTATE OF MIGUEL•E. NAJERA, M.D., cz) r
•.^
DECEASED; AND DOCTORS HOSPITAL 4.t)
LAREDO,
Defendants WEBS: COUNTY, TEXAS
ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT JUAN
FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D.'S
MOTION .FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
CAME-ON TO.BE-ITEARD on March 5, 2014, the Defendant Juan Fi.abcfseb Iviontatvo,
("Defendant Dr. Montalvo") .MOtibri for Sitmtnary Judgment and the Plaintiff Gabrie1a,1,,opez' (the
"Plaintiff') response to such motion' in the, above styled and. numbered cause, 'The Plaintiff and
Defendant appeared by and through :their respective attorneys of record and announced ready to proceed.
After considering the pleadings, the above4eferenced Defendant Dr. MontalVo's motion for summary
judgment,. the Plaintiff's response, the summary judgment evidence, and arguments of Plaintiff and
Defendant Dr. Montalvo'S counsel, the Court7is of the, opinion that. the above mentioned motion for
sitminary','judginent of the Defendant Dr. Montalvo should be denied,
IT TS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Defendant. Dr. Montalvo's Motion for Summary
Judgment is hereby DENIED.
'464
SIGNED AND ENTERED this the I 1 day of h 2014.
ATD
OMAR:DENYING DEFENDANT JUAN FRANCISCO MONTAVVO, M.D.'S
MOTION FOR SVMMARY'SODGMENT PAGE 1
APPENDIX TAB “B”
656
09/18/2014 15:03 8178702448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 03/08
CAUSE NO. 2013CVT 000841-D3
GABRIELA LOPEZ IN TUX DI
§
Plaintiff
- VS.
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D.,
F.A.C.O.G, WINDER N. VASQUEZ, M.D. 341ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
MIGUEL E. NAJERA, EXECUTOR
OF ESTATE OF MIGUEL E. NAJERA,, M.D.,
DECEASED, AND DOCTORS HOSPITAL §
LAREDO,
Defendants WEBB COUNTY, TEXAS
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY
JUDGMENT AND GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO
APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY ORDER
.10•••••••=inamme
CAME ON TO BE HEARD on March 5, 2014, the Defendants Juan Francisco Montalo, M.D.,
F.A.C,0.0.'s, Winder N. Vasquez, M.D.'s, Miguel E. Najera, ID.'s Executor of the Estate of Miguel E.
Najera, M.D., Deceased's, and Laredo Regional Medical Center, L.P. d/b/a Doctors Hospital of Laredo's
(collectively the "Defendants") Motions for Summary Judgment, the Plaintiff Gabriela Lopez's (Plaintiff)
responses and objections to such motions, and Defendants' replies and objections to such responses in the
above-styled and numbered cause (the "cause"). Plaintiff and Defendants appeared by and through their
respective attorneys of record and announced ready to proceed. After considering 'Defendants' motions,
Plaintiff's responses, objections, Defendants' replies and objections, summary judgment evidence, and
arguments of counsel, the Court determined that the Defendants' motions for summary judgment should
be denied and signed and entered its orders denying the Defendants' motions for summary judgment on
March 19, 2014.
On May 5, 2014 came on to be heard the Defendants' Motion for Permission to Appeal
Interlocutory Order, and the Plaintiff's response to such motion. Plaintiff and Defendants appeared by
and through their respective attorneys of record and announced ready to proceed. After considering the
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL PAGE
657
09/18/2014 15:03 81713702448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 04/08
GA BRIEL,4 LOPEZ v. JOAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., BT AL.
Defendants' motion, Plaintiff's response, and arguments of counsel, the Court determined that the
Defendants' motion should be granted and that an amended order denying the Defendants' above-
mentioned motions for summary judgment should be signed and entered.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Defendants' Motions for Summary Judgment be and are
hereby DENIED.
TEE COURT FINDS that this Amended Order Denying Defendants' Motions for Sumrnaty
Judgment (Amended Order) involves controlling questions of law as to which there is a substantial
ground for difference of opinion, to wit:
1. Whether Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code §§ 16.001 and 16.003 govern the
statute of limitations as to Plaintiff's health care liability claim, or Texas Medical
Liability Act (TMLA), Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code § 74.251(a), governs
limitations as to Plaintiff's health care liability claim, where it is undisputed that the
Plaintiff-claimant was a minor at the time of the health care, medical care, or treatment
made the basis of her claims in this cause; and
2, If Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code §§ 16.001 and 16.003 govern the statute of
limitations as to Plaintiff's healthcare liability claim, whether TMLA § 74.051(c) applies
to further toll Plaintiff's health care liability claim for a period of 75 days following her
giving of statutory presuit notice of claim and authorization form for release of protected
health information to Defendants pursuant to TMLA §§ 74.051(a) and 74.052,
In denying Defendants' motions for summary judgment through this Amended Order, the Court
makes the following substantive rulings on above-stated legal questions presented in Defendants' motions
and replies and Plaintiff's responses:
1. Because TMLA § 74.251(a) is facially unconstitutional and violates Texas Constitution
article I, § I3's Open Courts provision as to minors, Texas Civil Practice and Remedies
Code §§ 16.001 and 16.003 govern limitations as to Plaintiff's health care liability claim;
and
2. TMLA § 74.051(e) applies to further toll limitations under Texas Civil Practice and
Remedies Code §§ 16.001 and 16.003 for Plaintiff's health care liability claim, for a
period of 75 days following her giving of notice and authorization form for release of
protected health information to Defendants on March 8, 2013, which was prior to the
expiration of the applicable two-year statute of limitations. As applied, TMLA §§
74.051(c) and 74.052 tolled Plaintiff's health care liability claim until May 22, 2013.
Because Plaintiff filed her health care liability claim lawsuit on May 17, 2013, the
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL FACE 2
658
09/18/2614 15:03 8170702448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 05/08
GABRIELA LOPEZ P. JUAN FRANCISCO MOIVTAL VO MD., ET AL.
applicable statute of limitations does not bar Plaintiff's health care liability claim against
Defendants.
THE COURT FUR I LILA FINDS that an immediate interlocutory appeal of this Amended
Order on these two issues and the Court's substantive rulings may materially advance the ultimate
termination of this litigation in that, if this Amended Order is reversed, Plaintiff's claims must be
dismissed with prejudice as barred by the applicable statute of limitations. If this Amended Order is
affirmed, Plaintiff's claims will not be barred by limitations and Plaintiff's claims may proceed with
prosecution against Defendants in this cause. Therefore,
ITS IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants' Motion for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory
Order is GRANTED as to the legal issues and substantive rulings contained herein, and Plaintiff's
objections to the Defendants' Motion for Permission to Appeal Interlocutory Order are hereby DENIED.
IT IS FURIIthit ORDERED that Defendants are granted permission to pursue an interlocutory
appeal of this Amended Order pursuant to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code §51.014(d).
IT IS FURTHER ORDERRED that this Amended Order vacates and replaces the Orders
Denying Defendants' Motions for Summary Judgment signed by the Court on March 19, 2014.
SIGNED AND ENTERED this the 3 d y of , 2014.
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL PACE .3
659
09/18/2014 15:03 8178702448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 06/08
O4BRIEL.4 LOPEZ v. j (IAN FRAINIC(SCO AfONTALVO) hi" .ET AI-
APPROVED AS TO FORM ONLY:
KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C.
301 Commerce Street, Suite 2850
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
T: (817) 338-1400
F: (817) 870.2448
E: dkeith®keithlaw.com
By:
Darrell L. Keith, Attorney-In-Charge Date Signed
SOOT NO: 11186000
ATTORNEYS FOR PLAINTIFF
GA.BRIELA LOPEZ
UZICK & ONCKEN, P.C.
238 Westcott Street
Houston, Texas, 77007
T: (713) 869-2900
F: (713) 869-6699
E: kevin@unolaw.com
rberger@nzichoneken.com
By: . .4 , 4 , 6-z y-.2.)
James evin Chicken, Atto -in-Charge , . Date Signed
SBOT No. 15280050 iLlatra a,t, ii44-4-41-1,
Roger A. Berger, Attorney-of-Rbeor t-- ,;., :.) 4.4.1.4pC
SOOT NO. 02192400 -r6A1 oeyg3p.7
ATT'ORNEYS'FOR DEFENDANT
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO,
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL PAGES
660
09/18/2014 15:10 8178782448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 07/04
GASRIVA tOPEZ v. JUAN FRANCISCO MON1ALII0 ALD ET .41-.
BRIN & BRIM,
6223 111 10 West
San Antonio, Texas 78201
T: (210) 34179711
F: (210) 341.1854
E: banderson@hrinandbrin.com
Iveale@brinandbrin.cora
1whyte@brinan brin.com
By:
Bruce E. Anderson, Attorney-In-Charge Date Signed
81301' NO. 01165969
James W. Wale, Ir., Attorney-of-Record
SBOT NO. 24033296
Lorien L Whyte, Attorney-of-Record
SBOT NO. 24042440
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
WINDER N. VASQUEZ, M.D.
WAGNER CARIO, L.L.P.
7718 Broadway, Suite 100
San Antonio, Texas 78209
T: (210) 979-7555
F: (210) 979-9141
E: rwagner@wagnercario.cont
pcario@wagnercario,coni
•ket-Lec, 4—) ? 1-
W, Richard Wagner, Attorney-In=charge Date Signed
SBOT NO. 20661130 G.
Peter Carlo, Attorney-of- ec
oed -1-e-a-
SBOT NO.24000138 7 11/4 ) 002-) q 3 -
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
MIGUEL E. NAJERA,J,D, EXECUTOR OF
ESTATE OF MIGUEL E. NAJERA, M.D., DECEASED
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL. PAGE 5
09/18/2E114 15:03 8178702448 KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C. PAGE 08/08
GABRIELA LOPEzr. JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALvo, A1.112 ET AI-
GONZALEZ CASTILLO, LLP
1317 E. Quebec Avenue
MeAllen, Texas 78503
T: (956) 618-0115
F: (956) 618-0445
E: ecastillo@valleyfirmeom
By:
Steven M Gonzalez, ttorney-In-Charge • . Date Signed
SBOT NO. 08131900 L( L. ib-c)- 4-
Edward J. Castillo, Attorney of Record-exiLi,c~,..9 ez,/..4-e—
SBOT NO. 24040658 1-23d 62.--1 9 3 41 9"
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
LAREDO REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, L.P.
D/B/A DOCTORS HOSPITAL OF LAREDO
COOPER & SCULLY, P.C.
900 Jackson St, #100
Dallas, TX 75202
T; (214) 712-9500
F: (214) 712-9540
E: Diana.Faust@cooperseully.coill
By: "1-v--4--.11-14-1 tfi
R. Brent Cooper, Attorney- -Charge Date Signed
SBOT NO. 04783250
Diana L. Faust, Attorney of Record
SBOT NO. 00793717
APPELLATE COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL PAGE 6
677
GABRIELA LOPEZ v. JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D., ET AL.
APPROVED AS TO FORM ONLY:
KEITH LAW FIRM, P.C.
301 Commerce Street, Suite 2850
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
T: (817) 338-1400
F: (817) 870-2448
E: dkeith@keithlaw.com
By: \11 41 • ro
"Darrell L. Keith, Attorney-In-Charge Date Signed
SBOT NO: 11186000
ATTORNEYS FOR PLAINTIFF
GABRIELA LOPEZ
UZICK & ONCKEN, P.C.
238 Westcott Street
Houston, Texas, 77007
T: (713) 869-2900
F: (713) 869-6699
E: kevin@unolaw.com
rberger@uzickoncken.com
By:
James Kevin Oncken, Attorney-in-Charge Date Signed
SBOT No. 15280050
Roger A. Berger, Attorney-of-Record
SBOT NO. 02192400
ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANT
JUAN FRANCISCO MONTALVO, M.D.
AMENDED ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND
GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL PAGE 4
APPENDIX TAB “C”
FILE COPY
fourth Court of Rppeaffi
*an Rutonto, Texcit
January 7, 2015
No. 04-14-00803-CV
Juan Francisco MONTALVO, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., et al,
Appellants
v.
Gabriela LOPEZ,
Appellee
From the 341st Judicial District Court, Webb County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2013-CVT-000841-D3
Honorable Becky Palomo, Judge Presiding
ORDER
The appellants' petition for permission to appeal from an interlocutory order is
GRANTED. TEX. R. APP. P. 28.3. "A separate notice of appeal need not be filed" as "a notice
of appeal is deemed to have been filed on [the date of this order]." Id. at 28.3(k). This appeal is
governed by the rules for accelerated appeals. Id.
The clerk's record and reporter's record are due within ten days from the date of this
order. Id. at 35.1(b). The clerk of this court is directed to file a copy of this order with the trial
court clerk. Id. at 28.3(k).
Viebridie,
Sandee Bryan 81
Ma41
n,
44‘
Chief Justice
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said
court on this 7th day of January, 2015.
oll, 1i Mnot,
6`,o< 0 F .41 4111.49.
,„74%,' €1.. N .....0 ••,... kJ ^,-#
'..i.7
..1 •
0I Keith E. Hottle
0I It
Clerk of Court
i :
i
0.CO "
-4nmomitt0' '
Juan Francisco Montalvo, M.D., F.A.C.O.G. v. Gabriela Lopez
Combined Opinion