ACCEPTED
01-14-00868-CR
FIRST COURT OF APPEALS
HOUSTON, TEXAS
In the Court of Appeals for the 5/21/2015 9:49:16 AM
CHRISTOPHER PRINE
First District Court of Appeals CLERK
No. 01-14-868-CR
On Appeal from
FILED IN
Ex Parte The 155th District 1st
Court
COURT OF APPEALS
Austin County, TexasHOUSTON, TEXAS
5/21/2015 9:49:16 AM
Stuart Oland Wheeler
CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE
Trial Court Cause No. 2014V-0074
Clerk
Second Postsubmission Brief
To Justices Jennings, Higley, and Huddle:
Seeing from the State’s Postsubmission Reply Brief that the State has
missed the entire point of this litigation, and to minimize the
possibility that the fault is Mr. Wheeler’s, Mr. Wheeler files this
Postsubmission Surreply Brief, and thanks the court for its patience.
Content v. Conduct? No.
The opposite of a content-based restriction on speech is not, as the
State suggests, a “conduct-based regulation.” It is, rather, a “time,
place, or manner” restriction, subject to intermediate scrutiny: it
“must be narrowly tailored to serve the government's legitimate,
content-neutral interests but … it need not be the least restrictive or
least intrusive means of doing so.” Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491
U.S. 781, 799 (1989).
Section 33.021 is not a “time, place, or manner” restriction on
speech because it is not content-neutral. It is not content-neutral
because the factfinder must consider the content of the speech to
determine whether it violates the law.
Actual Solicitation? No.
It is true that the legislature could constitutionally forbid actual
solicitation of an actual minor even though such a regulation would be
content-based. This session the Texas Legislature has rewritten
Section 33.021 to forbid actual solicitation of an actual minor; it has
sent Senate Bill 344 to the Governor for his signature.
Senate Bill 344 1 is instructive because it shows what a more
constitutional online-solicitation statute looks like and hightlights the
deficiencies in the current Section 33.021.
Senate Bill 344 limits the definition of “Minor” to:
(A) an individual who is younger than 17 years of age; or
(B) an individual whom the actor believes to be younger than 17 years of age.
The legislature eliminated the “represents himself or herself to be”
language, thus eliminating the possibility that an actor can be
prosecuted for ageplay with an adult whom he knows to be an adult
but who pretends (“represents himself”) to be otherwise.
1
https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SB344/id/1224691
2
Senate Bill 344 also restores the constitutionally required
defenses of fantasy and lack of intent:
(d) It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the meeting did not
occur.
This eliminates the possibility that people can be prosecuted for
speech that is not intended to solicit sex, or for fantasy speech.
Conclusion
The State’s Postsubmission Reply Brief would be a workmanlike
defense of Senate Bill 344, but it misses the point of Mr. Wheeler’s
challenge: that in the current version of Section 33.021 both:
a) the definition of minor to include an adult who represents himself to be, but whom
the actor does not believe to be a minor; and
b) the explicit elimination of both “no intent” and “fantasy” defenses
broaden the statute past all constitutional defensibility.
Certificate of Service
A copy of this brief will be delivered to the attorney for the State by
electronic filing.
Certificate of Compliance
This brief contains a paltry 497 words, by Microsoft Word’s count.
3
Thank you,
________________________
Mark Bennett
SBN 00792970
Bennett & Bennett
917 Franklin Street, Fourth Floor
Houston, Texas 77002
713.224.1747
mb@ivi3.com
4
Ex Parte Stuart Oland Wheeler
Combined Opinion