ACCEPTED
04-15-00273-CV
FOURTH COURT OF APPEALS
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
9/22/2015 12:03:52 AM
KEITH HOTTLE
CLERK
NO. 04-15-00273-CV
FILED IN
IN THE 4th COURT OF APPEALS
FOURTH COURT OF APPEALS SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 09/22/2015 12:03:52 AM
KEITH E. HOTTLE
Clerk
BUDDY CASTEEL AND JARET B. CASTEEL,
Appellants
v.
AMELIA STAYTON
Appellee
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS
BUDDY CASTEEL AND JARET B. CASTEEL
CHRISTOPHER J. DEEVES KENNETH E. GRUBBS
State Bar No. 00790575 State Bar No. 00798225
THE LAW OFFICE OF THE LAW OFFICE OF
CHRISTOPHER DEEVES, P.C. KENNETH GRUBBS
1370 Pantheon Way, Suite 110 4241 Woodcock Drive, Suite C-120
San Antonio, Texas 78232 San Antonio, Texas 78228
(210) 445-8807 (Telephone) (210) 490-1292 (Telephone)
(210) 501-0915 (Facsimile) (210) 499-4587 (Facsimile)
chrisdeeves@att.net (e-mail) kengrubbs@sbcglobal.net (e-mail)
ATTORNEYS FOR
APPELLANTS
BUDDY CASTEEL AND JARET B. CASTEEL
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
The following is a list of all parties, and the names and addresses of those
parties’ counsel.
Parties
Buddy Casteel Appellant/Defendant
Jaret B. Casteel Appellant/Defendant
Amelia Stayton Appellee/Plaintiff
Counsel
Christopher Deeves Trial and Appellate Counsel for
The Law Office of Christopher Deeves, P.C. Appellants/Defendants
1370 Pantheon Way, Suite 110 Buddy Casteel and
San Antonio, Texas 78232 Jaret B. Casteel
Kenneth Grubbs Trial and Appellate Counsel for
Law Office of Kenneth Grubbs Appellants/Defendants
4241 Woodcock Drive, Suite C-120 Buddy Casteel and
San Antonio, Texas 78228 Jaret B. Casteel
Bobby Jack Rushing Trial and Appellate Counsel
The Rushing Law Firm, PLLC Appellee/Plaintiff
808 London Street Amelia Stayton
Castroville, Texas 78009
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
IDENTITIES OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL ........................................................ ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... iii
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES.....................................................................................iv
STATEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................................. v
ISSUES PRESENTED..............................................................................................vi
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ..............................................vi
STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................................ 2
A. BACKGROUND FACTS................................................................................ 2
B. PROCEDURAL HISTORY ............................................................................ 4
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................ 4
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES ........................................................................ 6
I. STANDARDS OF REVIEW ......................................................................... 6
A. “NO EVIDENCE” REVIEW ........................................................... 6
B. “FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY” REVIEW ........................................ 6
II. THE TERMINATION OF AN AGENT’S ACTUAL AUTHORITY .......... 7
III. BASED UPON HER PRIOR ACTUAL AUTHORITY MELISSA HAD
APPARENT AUTHORITY TO BIND AMELIA WHEN SHE ENTERED
THE SEPTEMBER 14, 2014 LEASE ........................................................... 9
CONCLUSION AND PRAYER ............................................................................. 11
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 13
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 13
iii
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Page
CASES
Cain v. Bain,
709 S.W.2d 175 (Tex.1986)................................................................................. 6
City of Keller v. Wilson,
168 S.W.3d 802 (Tex.2005). ........................................................................... 6
Neiman-Marcus Co. v. Viser,
140 So.2d 762 (La.App.1962) ................................................................... 7. 10
Sorenson v. v. Shupe Bros. Co., 517 S.W.2d 861
(Tex.Civ.App.—Amarillo 1974, no writ)..............................................5, 7, 10
RULES
TEX. R. APP. P. 39 .....................................................................................................vi
SECONDARY SOURCES
Floyd R. Mechem, A Treatise on the Law of Agency § 628 (2d ed. 1914) .............. 7
RESTATEMENT AGENCY (THIRD) § 3.11 .................................................................. 7-8
iv
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Nature of the Case: Appeal from trial de novo of forcible entry and detainer
proceeding.
Appellants Buddy Casteel and Jaret B. Casteel (the
“Casteels”) leased the property commonly known as 373
South U.S. Highway 83, Leakey, Texas (the “Property”)
to operate a bar-b-que restaurant named the Hog Pen.
Amelia Stayton (“Amelia”) is the record owner of the
Property. RR Ex. P-1. For almost a decade, Amelia gave
her sister, Melissa Baugh (“Melissa”) actual authority to
enter leases and handle matters related to the Casteels’
lease of the Property such as collecting rent. RR 18, 52-
53.
On August 11, 2014, Melissa sent the Casteel’s notice to
vacate on Amelia’s behalf. RR 18; RR Ex. P-2.
Thereafter, there were Facebook messages between Jaret
Casteel and Amelia concerning Amelia’s desire for her
family to sell the property. RR Ex. P-4; D-2
On September 14, 2014, Melissa signed a ten year lease
extension with the Casteels so that they could continue to
operate the Hog Pen on the Property. RR 34; RR Ex. D-
4.
Believing she was not bound by that lease, Amelia gave
notice to the Casteels to vacate the property. CR 16-17.
When the Casteels did not vacate the property, this suit
followed. CR 5-18.
Trial Court: The Honorable Garry Merritt, Real County Judge
Trial Court Action: The trial court granted a judgment of eviction and
awarded Amelia her attorney’s fees. CR 82-83.
v
ISSUE PRESENTED
Was there legally or factually sufficient evidence presented showing that the
Casteels could no longer reasonably believe that Melissa had actual authority to act
as Amelia’s agent when Melissa signed the September 14, 2014 lease?
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
This case presents an opportunity for the Court to address the most recent
Restatement of the Law related to agency such that oral argument would benefit
the Court. TEX. R. APP. P. 39.
vi
NO. 04-15-00273-CV
IN THE
FOURTH COURT OF APPEALS
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
BUDDY CASTEEL AND JARET B. CASTEEL,
Appellants
v.
AMELIA STAYTON,
Appellee
BRIEF OF APPELLANTS
BUDDY CASTEEL AND JARET B. CASTEEL
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS:
Appellants Buddy Casteel and Jaret B. Casteel respectfully present their
opening brief. For the sake of clarity, Appellants Buddy Casteel and Jaret B.
Casteel will be referred to as the “Casteels.” Appellee Amelia Stayton will be
referred to as “Amelia.” The one-volume clerk’s record will be cited as CR __.
The one-volume reporter’s record will be cited by page number as RR p. #. The
exhibits to the reporter’s record will be referred to as “RR Ex. __.”
STATEMENT OF FACTS
A. BACKGROUND FACTS
For approximately fifteen years, the Casteels have operated a bar-b-que
restaurant known as the “Hog Pen” in Leakey, Texas. RR 15. It is located at the
old Exxon station, 373 S. US Highway 83 (the “Property”). Amelia is the record
owner of this property. RR Ex. P-1. Amelia gave her sister, Melissa Baugh
(“Melissa”) actual authority to enter leases, collect rent, and otherwise manage the
Property. RR 18.
During the time the “Hog Pen” has operated, there have been a multitude of
leases on the property—numerous month to month leases; a couple of one-year
term leases; a two-year term lease; and a five-year term lease. RR 42; 54. After the
property vested in Amelia in 2006, the leases were all signed by Melissa. RR 53.
Amelia never signed a lease. RR 38; 53.
During these leases, the Casteels always paid rent to Melissa. RR 36; 52.
The Casteels never paid rent to Amelia. RR 53. Melissa always served as the
point of contact for the Property. RR 52-53. Amelia was never involved with
management of the property. RR 56.
The last written lease was from July 2011 to July 2012. RR 16; RR Ex. D-1.
Amelia states that she prepared this lease, but the lease was signed by Melissa. RR
2
25; RR Ex. D-1. While Amelia was present at the lease signing, Melissa signed
the lease. RR 61. Beginning in July 2012, the Casteels were month to month
tenants.
On August 11, 2014, Melissa sent a notice to vacate to the Casteels. RR Ex.
P-2. Amelia drafted the notice to vacate. RR 18. However, Amelia testified that
because Melissa had signed the lease, Amelia had Melissa sign the notice to
vacate. RR 18.
Based upon all these dealings, Jaret Casteel believed that Amelia had given
Melissa authority to act as Amelia’s agent to transact business with regard to the
Property including entering leases on the Property. RR 38.
In early September 2014, Jaret and Amelia communicated via Facebook
Messenger regarding trying to agree on new terms for a lease of the Property. RR
Ex. D-2; P-4. Amelia indicated she wished to sell the property. RR Ex. D-2. In
these messages, Amelia never indicated that Melissa’s authority to lease the
property had been terminated.
On September 14, 2014, Melissa then signed a new ten-year lease with the
Casteels for the Property covering the term from September 2014 to September
2024. RR 34; RR Ex. D-4. The Casteels were to pay $1500/month in rent during
the ten-year term. RR 34; RR Ex. D-4. The lease was then notarized on
September 18, 2014. RR 35; RR Ex. D-4. Jaret Casteel believed Melissa had the
3
authority to sign this lease on Amelia’s behalf. RR 39.
B. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Denying the validity of the September 14, 2014 lease, Amelia filed a
forcible entry and detainer suit against the Casteels seeking to have them vacate the
property. CR 5-18. Following a trial, the Justice of the Peace granted the
eviction. CR 32-33. The Casteels appealed to Real County Court. CR 34-35.
Following a trial de novo, County Court Judge Garry A. Merritt granted the
eviction. CR 82-83. The Casteels appealed to this Court. CR 84-85.
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
For almost a decade, Amelia gave Melissa actual authority to lease and
manage the property at issue. Melissa signed the leases that Amelia prepared,
collected the rent and otherwise addressed issues with regard to the property. RR
38, 52-53. On August 11, 2014, Amelia prepared a notice to vacate which Melissa
signed. RR 18; RR Ex. P-2. Amelia believed that Melissa should sign the notice
to vacate because she had signed the applicable lease. RR 18.
On September 14, 2014, Melissa signed another lease on the property with
the Casteels. RR 34; Ex. D-4. Unbeknown to the Casteels, Amelia apparently
terminated Melissa’s actual authority to enter leases before then and Amelia
refused to be bound by the terms of the new lease.
Regardless of whether Amelia did terminate Melissa’s actual authority to
4
lease the property at issue, Amelia is bound by the lease entered into by Melissa on
September 14, 2014 because the act of an agent done within the apparent scope of
her authority even after the revocation of that authority binds the principal as to
one who had formerly dealt with the principal through the agent and who had no
notice of the revocation of the authority. Sorenson v. Shupe Bros. Co., 517 S.W.2d
861, 866 (Tex.Civ.App.—Amarillo 1974, no writ).
In this case, the evidence showed that Jaret Casteel believed he had authority
to negotiate a new lease with Amelia through Melissa on September 14, 2014 as he
and his father had done for years. RR 39. Amelia presented no evidence showing
notice to the Casteels that Melissa’s authority to enter leases was terminated nor
was there any evidence showing that the Casteels could reasonably conclude that
Melissa’s authority to enter into leases on the property had ended. The Facebook
messages between Jaret Casteel and Melissa do not demonstrate that Melissa’s
authority had been terminated. RR Ex. D-2; P-4.
Based upon the evidentiary record presented in the trial de novo, the trial
court could only conclude that Melissa acted with apparent authority to bind
Amelia when she entered the September 14, 2014 lease. The Casteels had no
notice that her decade of authority to enter leases had been terminated. The
judgment at issue should be reversed and rendered in the Casteels’ favor.
5
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
I. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
A. “NO EVIDENCE” REVIEW
The parameters for conducting a “no evidence” review are spelled out in
great detail in the Texas Supreme Court decision in City of Keller v. Wilson, 168
S.W.3d 802 (Tex. 2005). In City of Keller, the Texas Supreme Court adopted the
long-established reasoning of Justice Calvert that
"No evidence" points must, and may only, be sustained when the
record discloses one of the following situations: (a) a complete
absence of evidence of a vital fact; (b) the court is barred by rules of
law or of evidence from giving weight to the only evidence offered to
prove a vital fact; (c) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no
more than a mere scintilla; (d) the evidence establishes conclusively
the opposite of the vital fact.
Id. at 810.
B. “FACTUAL SUFFICIENCY” REVIEW
In reviewing for factual sufficiency, this Court considers and weighs all of
the evidence and may conclude that the finding is not supported by factually
sufficient evidence only if the finding is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of
the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176
(Tex.1986) (per curiam).
6
II. THE TERMINATION OF AN AGENT’S ACTUAL AUHTORITY
The acts of an agent within the apparent scope of his authority done after the
revocation of his actual authority are binding on the principal as against one who
had formerly dealt with the principal through the agent and who had no notice of
the revocation. Sorenson v. Shupe Bros. Co., 517 S.W.2d 861, 866 (Tex. App.—
Amarillo 1974, no writ). Thus, where a third person has been dealing with an
agent, a revocation of the agent’s authority does not become effective between the
principal and the third person until such third person has received actual or
constructive notice of such revocation and therefore the third person may assume
that the authority of the agent continues until he has information to the contrary.
Neiman-Marcus Co. v. Viser, 140 So.2d 762, 765-66 (La.App. 1962).
The classic statement of this rationale is:
Where a general authority is once shown to have existed, it may be
presumed to continue until it is shown to have been revoked, and
persons who have dealt with the agent as such, or who have had
knowledge of his authority and are therefore likely to deal with him,
may very properly expect that if the authority be withdrawn,
reasonable and timely notice of that fact will be given and they may
lawfully presume, in the absence of such notice, that the authority still
continues.
1 Floyd R. Mechem, A Treatise on the Law of Agency § 628 (2d ed. 1914).
The modern view on this issue is set forth in the Restatement (Third)
Agency §3.11:
7
(1) The termination of actual authority does not by itself end
any apparent authority held by an agent.
(2) Apparent authority ends when it is no longer reasonable for
the third party with whom an agent deals to believe that the
agent continues to act with actual authority.
Comment c from this Restatement provision on “lingering apparent authority
is particularly helpful to analysis of this case.
Comment c. Lingering apparent authority. An agent’s apparent
authority may survive or linger after the termination of actual
authority because apparent authority is present when a third party
reasonably believes that the agent is authorized to take action and the
belief is traceable to a manifestation made by the principal. Once such
a manifestation has been made, it remains operative independent of
manifestations as between principal and agent that terminate actual
authority, or the occurrence of circumstances that otherwise operate to
terminate actual authority, including the terms of any agreement
between principal and agent, the death of the principal, and the
principal’s loss of capacity. Apparent authority protects third parties
who interact with an agent on the basis of the principal’s prior
manifestation and who lack notice that the agent’s actual authority has
terminated.
Often termed “lingering authority,” the doctrine stated in this
section recognizes that it is reasonable for third parties to assume that
an agent’s actual authority is a continuing or ongoing condition,
unless and until a third party has notice of circumstances that make it
unreasonable so to assume. These circumstances include notice that
the principal has revoked the agent’s actual authority, that the agent
has renounced it, that the agent’s authority was limited in duration or
to a specific undertaking, or that circumstances otherwise have
changed such that it is no longer reasonable to believe that the
principal consents to the agent’s act on the principal’s behalf.
(internal references omitted)
Likewise, illustration 1 of the Restatement presents a similar factual
8
situation to the one here for purposes of analysis.
Illustration 1. P Corporation, in the recycling business, retains A as a
purchasing agent to buy recyclable material on its behalf. A is authorized by
P Corporation to buy on terms that commit P Corporation to pay for the
material when it arrives at P Corporation’s recycling facility. A has
purchased recyclables many times from T, who is in the business of
building demolition. P Corporation terminates A’s actual authority. T has
no notice of the termination. As to T, A continues for a reasonable period of
time to possess apparent authority to purchase from T on terms comparable
to those on which A has made prior purchases on P Corporation’s behalf.
This is what happened here.
III. BASED UPON HER PRIOR ACTUAL AUTHORITY, MELISSA HAD
APPARENT AUTHORITY TO BIND AMELIA WHEN SHE
ENTERED THE SEPTEMBER 14, 2014 LEASE
There can be no dispute that Amelia vested Melissa with actual authority to
enter leases, collect rent and manage the property in question for years. RR 52-53.
In fact, one month before the lease in question, Melissa (not Amelia) sent notice to
vacate. RR Ex. 2. Amelia had Melissa send the notice to vacate because she had
signed the lease pertaining to the notice to vacate. RR 18.
On September 14, 2014, Melissa entered another lease on Amelia’s behalf
but Amelia claims that Melissa lacked authority to do so and that Amelia is not
bound by it. Apparently between August 11, 2014 and September 14, 2014,
Amelia stripped Melissa of her actual authority to enter leases on the property in
question. However, this did not end Melissa’s apparent authority to bind Amelia
as to parties like the Casteels who had prior dealings with Melissa acting on behalf
9
of Amelia. Based upon their historical dealings, the Casteels were entitled to
sufficient notice of the termination of Melissa’s agency or Melissa’s act in signing
the lease would bind Amelia. Sorenson, 517 S.W.3d at 866. Without such notice,
the Casteels could assume that Melissa’s authority to enter leases on Amelia’s
behalf continued. Neiman-Marcus Co., 140 So.2d at 765-66. For there to be no
“lingering apparent authority” for Melissa to bind Amelia, there had to be evidence
either that
the Casteels had notice that Amelia as principal had revoked Melissa’s
actual authority to enter leases,
Melissa had renounced her authority,
Melissa’s authority was limited in duration or to a specific undertaking, or
that circumstances otherwise have changed such that it was no longer
reasonable to believe that Amelia consented to the Melissa’s acting on
Amelia’s behalf.
None of these circumstances was present here. There was no notice given to the
Casteels by Amelia that Melissa could no longer lease the property on Amelia’s
behalf. Melissa did not renounce her authority. Melissa’s authority lasted for
years—not a limited duration.
Finally, there was not a change in circumstances such that the Casteels could
no longer believe that Melissa acted on Amelia’s behalf. While Amelia will
undoubtedly point to the Facebook messages as such evidence, they do not
10
demonstrate that the Casteels could no longer deal with Melissa. RR Ex. P-4; D-2.
In fact, the only evidence presented to the trial court was that Jaret Casteel believed
Melissa had the authority to sign this lease on Amelia’s behalf. RR 39. Thus, the
trial court could only conclude that Melissa had apparent authority to bind Amelia
when she entered the September 14, 2014 lease. As such, the judgment of eviction
should be reversed and judgment rendered in the Casteels’ favor. The Casteels had
a valid lease of the property and therefore could not be evicted.
CONCLUSION AND PRAYER
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellants Buddy Casteel and
Jaret B. Casteel ask the Court to reverse and render judgment in their favor.
Alternatively, they ask the Court to reverse and remand this matter for a new trial
and for all such other relief to which Appellant is entitled.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Christopher J. Deeves
CHRISTOPHER J. DEEVES
State Bar No. 00790575
THE LAW OFFICE OF
CHISTOPHER DEEVES, P.C.
1370 Pantheon Way, Suite 110
San Antonio, Texas 78232
(210) 445-8807 (Telephone)
(210) 501-0915 (Facsimile)
chrisdeeves@att.net (e-mail)
11
KENNETH E. GRUBBS
State Bar No. 00798225
THE LAW OFFICE OF
KENNETH GRUBBS
4241 Woodcock Drive, Suite C-120
San Antonio, Texas 78228
(210) 490-1292 (Telephone)
(210) 499-4587 (Facsimile)
kengrubbs@sbcglobal.net (e-mail)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS,
BUDDY CASTEEL AND
JARET B. CASTEEL
12
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(3), I hereby certify that
this brief contains 2,783 words (excluding the caption, table of contents, table of
authorities, signature, proof of service, certification, and certificate of compliance).
This is a computer-generated document created in Microsoft Word, using 14-point
typeface for all text, except for footnotes which are in 12-point typeface. In
making this certificate of compliance, I am relying on the word count provided by
the software used to prepare the document.
/s/ Christopher J. Deeves
CHRISTOPHER J. DEEVES
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing Brief of
Appellants has been served electronically on the 21st day of September, 2015:
Bobby Jack Rushing
The Rushing Law Firm, PLLC
808 London Street
Castroville, Texas 78009
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
AMELIA STAYTON
VIA ELECTRONIC DELIVERY
/s/ Christopher J. Deeves
CHRISTOPHER J. DEEVES
13