IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs July 12, 2016
CLARENCE TYRONE PRUITT v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
No. 12-00365 James M. Lammey, Jr., Judge
No. W2015-02133-CCA-R3-PC - Filed September 30, 2016
The petitioner, Clarence Tyrone Pruitt, appeals the denial of his petition for post-
conviction relief, arguing that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and entered an
unknowing and involuntary guilty plea. After review, we affirm the judgment of the
post-conviction court denying the petition.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
ALAN E. GLENN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT
WILLIAMS and ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JJ., joined.
Patrick Barnes, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Clarence Tyrone Pruitt.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Zachary T. Hinkle, Assistant
Attorney General; Amy P. Weirich, District Attorney General; and Carrie Shelton Bush,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
FACTS
The petitioner was indicted for two counts of aggravated rape. Pursuant to a plea
agreement, one count was dismissed and he pled guilty to the remaining count in
exchange for a sentence of twenty years. At defense counsel’s request, the court
recommended in its judgment that the petitioner be placed at the DeBerry Special Needs
Facility, a facility that has a Sex Offender Unit and a Mental Health Unit.
The facts giving rise to the case were recited by the State at the guilty plea hearing
as follows:
Had these matters proceeded to trial, the State’s proof would have
been on or about June 7th, 2009 . . . [the victim] was walking near her
apartment here in Shelby County when she came across an unknown male
who asked her to buy beer for him. She did. They were walking across the
street together. He attacked her as she had turned her back, dragging her
behind a vacant apartment, began choking and hitting her. Threatened to
kill her if she didn’t stop screaming. Shoved a pen down her mouth
causing her to choke and lose consciousness. Then forced pen[ile] vaginal
sex on [the victim]. She was injured during the assault. She had a
laceration on her right cheek, abrasions and bruises on her neck and
collarbone, lacerations below her right breast, left chin, right below her
arm, right lower (indiscernible) and received bruises to her genital area.
There was a rape kit taken during her assault exam. There was a
DNA profile generated. It was uplifted to CODIS and matched an
unknown DNA sample that [the petitioner] had given. So [the petitioner]
did match in terms of DNA.
The petitioner filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief and, after the
appointment of counsel, an amended petition was filed. In his petitions, the petitioner
alleged that he received ineffective assistance of counsel because counsel failed to take
his mental illness into account during the guilty plea hearing. In his brief, the petitioner
expands this allegation to aver that his guilty plea was unknowingly and involuntarily
entered.
At the evidentiary hearing, the petitioner’s trial counsel testified that she could not
recall specific details of her representation of the petitioner because the Shelby County
Public Defender’s Office had misplaced her case file after she left the office. However,
counsel remembered that the State’s case rested primarily on the victim’s testimony
because there was no one else present. She recalled discussing with the petitioner what
the proof would be if they went to trial. At this point, the post-conviction court clarified
that the case also involved a positive DNA sample. Counsel for the State then made
duplicates of her copy of the discovery materials and allowed the petitioner’s trial
counsel to review it in order to remind her of the specifics of the case.
Trial counsel testified that she had a mental health evaluation conducted on the
petitioner, the results of which were that he had a mental illness but was competent to
stand trial. She did not believe the petitioner complained about the result. She did not
recall the petitioner’s telling her that he was taking any medication but noted that she
normally asked her clients if they were doing so. Counsel noted that she typically asked
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the evaluator to also determine whether her client was acting under diminished capacity
at the time of the offense, rather than just competency to stand trial, but she could not
recall whether she did so in the petitioner’s case. She said that at no point during her
interactions with the petitioner did she think that she needed to seek additional expert
opinions on his mental status.
Trial counsel testified that the petitioner was level-headed during her
representation of him and did not recall a time when he acted funny or strange. She never
had a problem communicating with him. Counsel believed that the petitioner understood
his plea and was thinking clearly, although she did not ask him if he was taking his
medication at the time of the plea. Had the petitioner appeared to be confused or acted as
though he had not understood something, counsel said that she would not have proceeded
with the plea hearing. She further noted that she would have asked the court for more
time if she believed the petitioner was not “grasping the process” during her discussions
with him.
With regard to DeBerry Special Needs Facility, trial counsel recalled that the
petitioner wanted to go to a facility that offered sex offender rehabilitation. She agreed to
request that the petitioner be placed there but explained to him that neither she nor the
trial court had the power to ensure he was housed at DeBerry. She believed the petitioner
would have still pled guilty even if DeBerry were not an option. Counsel conceded that
she failed to follow-up the court’s recommendation that the petitioner be placed in
DeBerry with a letter of her own, despite having told the court that she would.
Trial counsel recalled that the initial offer from the State was for twenty-five years
at 100%. In light of the DNA evidence, counsel believed that the petitioner’s chances at
trial were poor. She additionally acknowledged that the facts of the case were difficult
because of the injuries to the victim and the egregious nature of the offense. Counsel was
also aware that at the time of her representation, the petitioner had a prior sex offense
which would further complicate matters. He also had a number of prior offenses of
dishonesty, which could have been used to impeach him if he had decided to testify. In
spite of the difficulties of the case, counsel was able to secure the petitioner a five-year
reduction in the State’s offer.
The court noted that the record reflected that at one point the petitioner refused to
cooperate with the mental health evaluators, and the court had to admonish him to
cooperate.
The petitioner testified that he had been prescribed three or four different
medications at various times but that, during the pendency of his case, he was prescribed
Risperdal and Remeron. Although he was supposed to take his medications every night,
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he occasionally did not take them because they caused drowsiness. The petitioner
claimed that he did not take his medications the night before or morning of his guilty plea
hearing. He had trouble remembering exactly when he had taken his medications, noting
that his medications were in flux at that time and “[i]t was kind of having [him] off
balance and stuff.” When discussing the effect his medications had on him, the petitioner
noted that he felt “more at ease” when taking them and “aggressive” when not. He
claimed that he “probably” would not have pled guilty had he been taking his
medications.
The petitioner said he believed that he told trial counsel that he was taking
medications. His only memory of the mental health evaluation was of a “lady” asking
him if he ever watched “Law and Order.” He also claimed that he only met with the
evaluators one time. He acknowledged that counsel discussed the results of the
evaluation with him, that he was competent to stand trial, but he did not ask her questions
about it. He disagreed with the results of the evaluation but did not discuss that with
counsel because he “really couldn’t focus as much.”
The petitioner explained that he wanted to be placed at DeBerry Special Needs
Facility because he needed sex offender treatment. With respect to whether he would
have pled guilty had he been told DeBerry was not a possibility, he responded as follows:
[The petitioner]: This was one of the things I really wanted to happen is for
me to go to DeBerry. And I thought maybe I was going . . . to go there; and
that was one of the reasons why that I – out of being incarcerated, you
know, and kind of confused at the time, I don’t know, I just acted out.
[The State]: Would you have gone to trial in the case?
[The petitioner]: Probably not – I don’t know. No.
....
[The petitioner]: I don’t think I would have. I don’t know. No, probably.
Like I say, I wanted to get treatment, and I felt that the system knew that
me crying out for treatment, and they didn’t act upon that, I felt that that
was an injustice. So, that’s why that I’m here today. You know. And I
suffer now more than anything, you know. That’s how I feel now. You
know, I feel that by getting treatment, I’m not using my meds or anything
as a crutch. I feel that it was unethical, I guess, you know, for the system to
know that a person is crying out for help and you deny them that help – or
her that help – and sticking me in prison isn’t solving anything. You know.
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And I understand that you recommended it. Or I felt that he should have
been able to order[] it; so, now, I’m in a mental-health unit, which I’m
getting no counseling or nothing like that; and chances are, if I make it back
out in society, there’s no opportunity to use.
On cross-examination of the petitioner, the State clarified that the petitioner would
not have taken the case to trial if DeBerry were not an option. The petitioner
acknowledged that his options on a Class A felony were to either go to trial or plead
guilty, and if he did not want to go to trial the only option left was to plead guilty. He
said that he did not want the post-conviction court to order a new trial; he only wanted
“to show justice.” Asked if he meant justice for himself or for the victim, the petitioner
responded, “[T]he victim, she has got justice. I’m serving time for it. So, I feel that now
since I’m incarcerated that . . . I’m the victim now of the system. . . . And I feel that the
system should, at least, . . . have consideration on my behalf.” However, the petitioner
acknowledged that the only remedy the court could order was a new trial.
On further cross-examination, the petitioner admitted that he was not presently
taking his medication, asserting “they [were] missing one of [his] meds.” Asked what
happened when he did not take his medication, the petitioner responded that he had
problems relaxing. He said that the effects of his medication were drowsiness and
sleepiness. The petitioner acknowledged that he remembered pleading guilty and telling
the judge that counsel had done everything he had asked her to do, which was true. The
petitioner admitted that he had pled guilty to over thirty previous offenses, including a
prior sexual offense, and knew what a guilty plea meant before the judge started talking.
The petitioner asserted that he told post-conviction counsel that he “really didn’t
want to sit in any hearing except if a doctor – an expert could testify before [he] took the
stand. And [his] attorney said to go on with the hearing anyway.”
After the State’s cross-examination, defense counsel indicated that he intended to
call an expert witness who had “specialized knowledge with the medications Risperd[a]l
and Remeron,” but the expert was not available until a later date. The court agreed to
continue the hearing but made preliminary findings on the record. The court stated:
[S]ince I’ve already heard from [the petitioner] and [trial counsel], and I’ve
reread the guilty plea proceedings, he seemed lucid to me; take that with the
fact that he refused to cooperate once with these people at West Tennessee
[Forensic Services] and that . . . eventually they found him to be competent
and that . . . a mental disease or defect did not prevent the [petitioner] from
appreciating the nature and wrongfulness of his acts; and the fact that he’s
got so many previous theft convictions. Some of those were violent thefts –
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two of them in particular. I have to tell you, I don’t believe a single word
[the petitioner] has to say. So, this expert has to be really good. But even
so, I don’t believe [the petitioner], and I just have to put that on the record
because . . . by the time we get around to hearing this testimony, I may have
forgotten everything that happened today. But after looking at this, and
after looking at his record and the guilty plea and hearing his testimony, I
don’t find him to be credible. He was trying . . . to be evasive and elusive.
He was barely mumbling to where you could hear him. He was doing all
that on purpose. I don’t believe a single thing he has to say. But you’re
entitled to have the person come in if they are willing to do so.
After the hearing was continued for almost six months, the post-conviction court
reconvened the parties, and post-conviction counsel explained that he was unable to
convince an expert to testify. There was discussion among the court and the parties that
what the petitioner was upset about was that he was not placed at DeBerry Special Needs
Facility, but was instead incarcerated after the Department of Correction evaluated him
and determined that he did not qualify for DeBerry. The court noted that the petitioner
was motivated to take the plea offer despite there being no guarantee of placement in
DeBerry because of the high probability that he would be convicted and sentenced to a
much longer term after a trial, given his prior record and the seriousness of the offense.
The post-conviction court later entered a written order denying the petition.
ANALYSIS
The petitioner argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and entered
an unknowing and involuntary guilty plea.
Post-conviction relief “shall be granted when the conviction or sentence is void or
voidable because of the abridgment of any right guaranteed by the Constitution of
Tennessee or the Constitution of the United States.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-103
(2012). The petitioner bears the burden of proving factual allegations by clear and
convincing evidence. Id. § 40-30-110(f). When an evidentiary hearing is held in the
post-conviction setting, the findings of fact made by the court are conclusive on appeal
unless the evidence preponderates against them. See Wiley v. State, 183 S.W.3d 317,
325 (Tenn. 2006). When reviewing factual issues, the appellate court will not reweigh
the evidence and will instead defer to the post-conviction court’s findings as to the
credibility of witnesses or the weight of their testimony. Id. However, review of a post-
conviction court’s application of the law to the facts of the case is de novo, with no
presumption of correctness. See Ruff v. State, 978 S.W.2d 95, 96 (Tenn. 1998).
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To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner has the
burden to show both that trial counsel’s performance was deficient and that counsel’s
deficient performance prejudiced the outcome of the proceeding. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). The deficient performance prong of the test is
satisfied by showing that “counsel’s acts or omissions were so serious as to fall below an
objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Goad v.
State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Baxter v.
Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)). The prejudice prong of the test is satisfied by
showing a reasonable probability, i.e., a “probability sufficient to undermine confidence
in the outcome,” that “but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. In the context of a guilty plea,
the petitioner must show a reasonable probability that were it not for the deficiencies in
counsel’s representation, he or she would not have pled guilty but would instead have
insisted on proceeding to trial. Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985); House v. State,
44 S.W.3d 508, 516 (Tenn. 2001).
The petitioner argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to take his
mental illness into account during the guilty plea hearing and that he would not have pled
guilty had he been properly medicated. We initially note that, after hearing the testimony
at the post-conviction hearing, the court found the petitioner to be not credible.
Specifically, the court said, “I don’t believe a single thing he has to say.”
Trial counsel testified that she had a mental health evaluation conducted on the
petitioner, and he was deemed competent to stand trial. Counsel said that the petitioner
was level-headed during her representation of him and did not recall a time when he
acted strange. She never had a problem communicating with him. Counsel believed that
the petitioner understood his plea and was thinking clearly. Had the petitioner appeared
to be confused or acted like he had not understood something, counsel said that she
would not have proceeded with the plea hearing. She further noted that she would have
asked the court for more time if she believed the petitioner was not “grasping the
process” during her discussions with him. Trial counsel’s testimony demonstrates that
she did not render deficient performance.
Trial counsel’s belief that the petitioner understood the proceedings is supported
by the petitioner’s own testimony at both the guilty plea hearing and the post-conviction
hearing. At the guilty plea hearing, the petitioner testified that he understood the
proceedings and had pled guilty multiple times in the past. He was able to articulate his
desire to “get the treatment that I need.” At the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner
admitted that he recalled the guilty plea hearing and, because of past experiences, knew
what a guilty plea meant before the judge started talking. With regard to the effect of his
medication, the petitioner testified that it made him feel drowsy and “more at ease”;
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whereas, he was more “aggressive” without it. He acknowledged having told trial
counsel that he was taking his medication. He never said that the lack of medication
rendered him unable to comprehend. The petitioner also admitted that he was not taking
his medication at the time of the post-conviction hearing, during which he testified at
length and demonstrated his understanding of the proceedings.
Moreover, the petitioner failed to show a reasonable probability that he would not
have pled guilty, but instead would have insisted on proceeding to trial, had he taken his
medication. Although the petitioner initially testified that he “probably” would have
gone to trial had he been on his medication, he also later indicated that a new trial was
not what he was seeking. He said that he was seeking “justice” because he thought it was
“unethical” for the Department of Correction not to place him in sex offender treatment
after he asked for it. He conceded that the offer he received was for half the amount of
time he could have received had he proceeded to trial. At the post-conviction hearing,
the fact that the petitioner was not taking his medication the day of the guilty plea hearing
was little more than an afterthought in his testimony. The evidence supports the post-
conviction court’s finding that the petitioner received effective assistance of counsel.
The petitioner initially challenged the knowing and voluntary nature of his guilty
plea only in the context of ineffective assistance of counsel, but he seemingly asserts it as
a separate issue on appeal. Although the petitioner conflates his issues, we will briefly
address the nature of his plea separately.
Before a guilty plea may be accepted, there must be an affirmative showing in the
trial court that it was voluntarily and knowingly entered. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S.
238, 242 (1969); State v. Mackey, 553 S.W.2d 337, 340 (Tenn. 1977). This requires a
showing that the defendant was made aware of the significant consequences of the plea.
State v. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 542 (Tenn. 1999) (citing Mackey, 553 S.W.2d at 340).
A plea is not “voluntary” if it results from ignorance, misunderstanding, coercion,
inducements, or threats. Blankenship v. State, 858 S.W.2d 897, 904 (Tenn. 1993). The
trial court must determine if the guilty plea is “knowing” by questioning the defendant to
make sure he or she fully understands the plea and its consequences. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d
at 542; Blankenship, 858 S.W.2d at 904.
Because the plea must represent a voluntary and intelligent choice among the
alternatives available to the defendant, the trial court may look at a number of
circumstantial factors in making this determination. Blankenship, 858 S.W.2d at 904.
These factors include: (1) the defendant’s relative intelligence; (2) the defendant’s
familiarity with criminal proceedings; (3) whether the defendant was represented by
competent counsel and had the opportunity to confer with counsel about alternatives; (4)
the advice of counsel and the court about the charges against the defendant and the
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penalty to be imposed; and (5) the defendant’s reasons for pleading guilty, including the
desire to avoid a greater penalty in a jury trial. Id. at 904-05.
The record shows that the petitioner was very familiar with criminal proceedings,
having previously pled guilty to more than thirty offenses. He was represented by
competent counsel, who conferred with him about his alternatives and negotiated a
reasonable deal for him in light of the difficulties of the case. The court and counsel
explained the potential exposure he faced if he were convicted after a trial, which could
have been more than double the amount he received with the plea. At the plea hearing,
the petitioner told the court that he was knowingly and voluntarily pleading guilty, that he
was satisfied with counsel’s representation, and that counsel did everything he asked of
her. The petitioner’s testimony at the post-conviction hearing indicates that the effect of
his not taking his medication was, at worst, that he was more “aggressive.” The
petitioner has failed to demonstrate that his alleged lack of medication rendered his guilty
plea unknowing or involuntary.
The petitioner cites to Erika Cienfuegos v. State, No. M2012-01924-CCA-R3-PC,
2013 WL 5436708 (Tenn. Crim. App. Sept. 27, 2013), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Jan. 14,
2014), to assert that, because he did not tell the trial court that he was currently taking his
prescribed medication, his plea was unknowing and involuntary. In Erika Cienfuegos,
this court noted that that petitioner had told the trial court that she was currently taking
her prescribed medication and determined that her plea was knowing and voluntary. Id.
at *7. However, we cannot conclude that the petitioner’s plea in this case was
unknowing and involuntary simply because he was not asked about his medication when
all indicators point to his plea being nothing other than knowing and voluntary.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we affirm the judgment of the
post-conviction court denying the petition for post-conviction relief.
_________________________________
ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE
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