Filed 9/30/16 In re A.F. CA2/8
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION EIGHT
In re A.F., a Person Coming Under the B269862
Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. CK67811)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
J.N.,
Defendant and Appellant.
Appeal from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Terry
Troung, Juvenile Court Referee. Affirmed.
Law Offices of Vincent W. Davis & Associates and Stephanie M. Davis for
Defendant and Appellant.
Tarkian & Associates and Arezoo Pichvai for Plaintiff and Respondent.
******
J.N. (mother) challenges the juvenile court’s order of November 24, 2015
terminating her parental rights. Mother contends the court erred in concluding the
beneficial parent/child relationship exception did not apply.
We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Then-three-year-old A.F. first came to the attention of the Los Angeles County
Department of Children and Family Services (Department) in June 2013. A.F. was living
with mother at the home of the maternal grandparents. When deputies with the Los
Angeles County Sheriff’s Department served a search warrant at the home due to
suspected illegal drug sales by the maternal grandfather, they found five children,
including A.F., living in the home and referred the matter to the Department for
suspected child endangerment.
On June 28, 2013, a petition was filed alleging mother’s failure to protect pursuant
to Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivision (b).1 The petition alleged
mother allowed A.F. to be in a detrimental and endangering home environment with
access to illegal drugs and weapons and where regular drug trafficking occurred.
A.F. was detained and placed in the home of maternal great aunt (M.V.) and great
uncle (R.V.).
Mother told the social worker that father, S.F.2, was a gang member and was
incarcerated on a probation violation, as well as on new charges related to narcotics
possession or sales. An amended petition was filed adding allegations concerning
father’s history of substance abuse and criminal activity.
The detectives investigating the drug trafficking at the maternal grandparents’
home reported that a loaded handgun, as well as marijuana, were found in the house,
accessible to the minors. Mother’s cell phone contained text messages from individuals
1 All undesignated section references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2 Father is not a party to this appeal.
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inquiring about buying “a twenty or $30 worth” and responses confirming whether
maternal grandfather had the quantity being requested. One of the other minor children
living in the home reported that he witnessed maternal grandfather handing “white rocks”
to people and receiving money from them, and said there was a rifle in the garage.
Mother denied any knowledge of drug use or sales occurring in the home.
The court sustained the amended petition as to mother, and continued the hearing
as to father.
In a supplemental report, the social worker expressed concern that mother
continued to minimize her involvement in the circumstances that led to A.F.’s detention
by the Department, and minimized father’s criminal history. Mother did express a
willingness to go to individual counseling and attempt to address the case plan. Mother’s
monitored visits with A.F. generally went well.
At the December 20, 2013 continued hearing, the court sustained the amended
petition as to father, and ordered various services, including counseling and drug testing.
Father, who had been released from prison, was allowed monitored visits with A.F., but
mother was not allowed to be the monitor.
Subsequent to disposition, father was arrested on probation violations three times
in less than five months, including for positive drug tests. Mother had moved in with an
adult sister, but was still unemployed. She had made minimal progress on her case plan.
Both mother and father missed visits with A.F. in early 2014. A.F.’s therapist reported
that she appeared to have regressed in treatment subsequent to mother obtaining
unmonitored visitation. A.F. started to have nightmares and bedwetting episodes, and
showed more sensitivity to becoming emotionally upset. A.F. nonetheless expressed a
desire to be with her mother, but said she was happy living with her great aunt and uncle.
In August 2014, the Department reported that mother had made some progress in
her case plan. Mother completed a 15-week court-ordered parenting class, and had also
attended some individual counseling. Father was still largely noncompliant. Several
months later, the social worker reported that mother was maintaining fairly regular
weekly visits with A.F. but M.V. expressed concern that mother seemed distracted during
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the visits and did not “display affection” or give A.F. much attention. A.F. was reported
as having been diagnosed with ADHD and prescribed Adderall.
The Department next reported that mother had made significant improvement in
maintaining regular counseling sessions and in visitation with A.F. Mother was granted
unmonitored overnight visits with A.F. over the holidays and no issues or incidents were
reported. The Department recommended that A.F. be released to mother’s custody. In
January 2015, the court ordered A.F. released to mother’s custody, under the continuing
supervision of the Department, with family maintenance services.
Less than four months later, the Department received another referral about A.F.
being repeatedly left alone unsupervised, with access to drug paraphernalia, in the home
of the maternal grandparents. It was reported that A.F. was regularly left in the home
with her 16-year-old aunt (L.N.) and her girlfriend, both admitted marijuana users, who
gave A.F. a pipe to smoke (other reports indicate it may have been an e-cigarette). A.F.
was often seen alone, dirty, barefoot and looking “depressed.” On one Saturday night,
then five-year-old A.F. was observed walking alone at 9:00 p.m. heading down the street
to buy an ice cream from a street vendor. On another day, after it was already dark
outside, it was reported that A.F. had been missing for over an hour and was eventually
located only because some of her cousins saw her wandering around in a neighbor’s yard
where boys were smoking. A.F. was barefoot and in dirty clothes. Shortly thereafter,
A.F. was sent home from school with lice. The school attendance clerk reported that A.F.
had already missed 26 days of school and had 19 “tardies.”
Mother was apparently spending most of her time at a motel with her new
boyfriend, who was a known gang member. Mother had not maintained A.F.’s weekly
therapy sessions and had not maintained her Adderall prescription. In March 2015, the
maternal grandmother reported that mother left A.F. at her house and then disappeared
and was not returning phone calls. Maternal grandmother reported she planned on taking
A.F. back to the maternal great aunt’s home.
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The social worker reported that mother had been arrested for theft, and had signed
a one-page letter, without the Department’s knowledge, purporting to give “temporary”
guardianship of A.F. to the paternal grandmother.
The social worker reported that in talking to A.F. she expressed sadness and
confusion about her mother leaving her at her grandparents’ home and not staying with
her. A.F. said she would tell her mother to come back when she called but “she
wouldn’t.” A.F. said she had been staying for awhile with her mother and her new
boyfriend in a motel. There were “10 guns” on and inside the dresser in the motel room
and at some point, A.F. said the police came and arrested the boyfriend. A.F. said she
had then been living with her grandparents again and her mother was usually not there.
A.F. confirmed that her aunt L.N. and her girlfriend gave her a pipe to smoke but she
“didn’t do it.”
On May 20, 2015, the Department filed a petition pursuant to section 342,
subdivision (b) and requested that A.F. be removed from mother’s custody. The court
ordered that A.F. be detained and placed back with M.V. and R.V., her maternal great
aunt and uncle, and not be removed from their care absent an emergency. The court
sustained an amended version of the section 342 petition at a hearing on July 30, 2015,
denied further reunification services, and set a hearing pursuant to section 366.26 to
select a permanent plan for A.F.
Mother had not maintained regular visits with A.F. since she was removed from
mother’s care in May 2015. Mother visited with A.F. in a park on June 30, 2015, and
spent most of the time texting and not engaging with A.F. at all. She attended a family
get together on the Fourth of July and once again spent most of the time texting on her
phone. Mother paid “little attention” to A.F. As of October 7, 2015, M.V. reported that
mother had not visited with A.F. since the child’s birthday in July. Father had not visited
since his release from jail on May 27, 2015. A.F. had expressed anger and upset to her
caregivers about her parents’ failure to visit and their cancellation of visits.
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The Department further reported that A.F. had a strong and healthy relationship
with M.V. and R.V. and they wished to adopt her. M.V. and R.V. reported a willingness
to allow A.F. to maintain family ties following adoption.
At the November 24, 2015 hearing, the court found by clear and convincing
evidence that A.F. was adoptable and that it would be detrimental to her to be returned to
her parents’ custody. The court found that no statutory exception applied, explaining “I
cannot find that the parents have maintained regular visitation and contact with [A.F.],
and there is no evidence to show that she would benefit from continuing in that
relationship with the parents.” The court terminated parental rights and identified the
maternal great aunt and uncle (A.F.’s caregivers) as the prospective adoptive parents.
This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Once reunification services have been terminated and the dependency proceedings
reach the section 366.26 hearing, adoption is the preferred permanent plan decreed by the
Legislature. (§ 366.26, subd. (b).) The statute mandates that parental rights be
terminated, unless the parent can establish one of the enumerated exceptions. (§ 366.26,
subd. (c)(1).) “An exception to the adoption preference applies if termination of parental
rights would be detrimental to the child because the ‘parents have maintained regular
visitation and contact with the child and the child would benefit from continuing the
relationship.’ (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).)” (In re C.F. (2011) 193 Cal.App.4th 549,
553.) “[T]he party claiming an exception to adoption has the burden of proof of
establishing by a preponderance of evidence that the exception applies.” (In re
Aaliyah R. (2006) 136 Cal.App.4th 437, 449.)
We review the juvenile court’s order as to the factual issue of the existence of a
beneficial parent/child relationship for substantial evidence. (In re K.P. (2012) 203
Cal.App.4th 614, 622; accord, In re Noah G. (2016) 247 Cal.App.4th 1292, 1300.)
The juvenile court’s finding as to whether termination of that relationship would be
detrimental to the child “as weighed against the benefits of adoption is reviewed for
abuse of discretion.” (In re Noah G., at p. 1300.)
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At the section 366.26 hearing, mother had the burden to establish that she
maintained regular contact with A.F., and also that A.F. would substantially benefit from
a continued relationship with her. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) There must be solid,
credible evidence in support of both prongs of the exception. “The Legislature
emphasized the exceptional nature of all the circumstances identified in section 366.26,
subdivision (c)(1) by revising the statute in 1998 to require the court to find not only that
one of the listed circumstances exists, but also that it provide ‘a compelling reason for
determining that termination would be detrimental to the child.’ [Citation.]” (In re
Jasmin D. (2000) 78 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1349.)
After obtaining an order from the court allowing the return of A.F. to her custody
in January 2015, mother immediately returned to a pattern of neglect of A.F. that
endangered her physical and emotional well-being. Following the second removal order
in May 2015, mother failed to make any reasonable effort to visit or maintain contact
with A.F. It appears she visited with A.F. as few as three times between May and
October 2015, and apparently spent most of the time texting on her phone instead of
engaging in any way with A.F. during the “visits.” Mother did not engage in any parental
activities or otherwise did not occupy or even attempt to occupy a parental role in A.F.’s
life. There is no evidence, let alone substantial evidence, of a beneficial parent/child
relationship within the meaning of the statute.
“To overcome the preference for adoption and avoid termination of the natural
parent’s rights, the parent must show that severing the natural parent-child relationship
would deprive the child of a substantial, positive emotional attachment such that the child
would be greatly harmed. [Citations.] A biological parent who has failed to reunify with
an adoptable child may not derail an adoption merely by showing the child would derive
some benefit from continuing a relationship maintained during periods of visitation with
the parent.” (In re Angel B. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 454, 466.) “[F]or the exception to
apply, the emotional attachment between the child and parent must be that of parent and
child rather than one of being a friendly visitor or friendly nonparent relative, such as an
aunt.” (Id. at p. 468; accord, In re Beatrice M. (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 1411, 1419; In re
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Noah G., supra, 247 Cal.App.4th at p. 1300.) Mother has failed to show the juvenile
court abused its discretion in terminating her parental rights and freeing A.F. for
adoption.
DISPOSITION
The court’s order of November 24, 2015 terminating parental rights is affirmed.
GRIMES, J.
WE CONCUR:
BIGELOW, P. J.
FLIER, J
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