DAVIS, TYRONE v. STATE OF NEW YORK

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

384
CA 11-02111
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., SMITH, CENTRA, CARNI, AND SCONIERS, JJ.

IN THE MATTER OF TYRONE DAVIS,
PETITIONER-APPELLANT,

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

STATE OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK STATE OFFICE OF
MENTAL HEALTH AND NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF
PAROLE, RESPONDENTS-RESPONDENTS.
(APPEAL NO. 1.)

D.J. & J.A. CIRANDO, ESQS., SYRACUSE (ELIZABETH deV. MOELLER OF
COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER-APPELLANT.

ERIC T. SCHNEIDERMAN, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ALBANY (LAURA ETLINGER OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENTS-RESPONDENTS.

Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Oneida County (William
D. Walsh, A.J.), entered August 12, 2011 in a proceeding pursuant to
Mental Hygiene Law article 10. The order continued petitioner’s
commitment to a secure treatment facility.

It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed without costs.

Memorandum: In March 2010 Supreme Court, Bronx County,
determined that petitioner was a dangerous sex offender in need of
civil confinement (see Mental Hygiene Law § 10.07 [f]). He is
currently confined at the Central New York Psychiatric Center in
Oneida County. Pursuant to Mental Hygiene Law § 10.09 (a), in early
2011 the Commissioner of respondent New York State Office of Mental
Health (OMH) provided petitioner with an annual written notice of the
right to petition the court for discharge, which included a waiver
option. Petitioner checked the box indicating that he did not wish to
waive his right to petition for discharge. A psychiatric examiner for
OMH attempted to interview petitioner, but he refused to meet with
her. The expert issued a written evaluation, and the Commissioner
determined based on the report that petitioner was still a dangerous
sex offender in need of confinement. The annual notice and waiver
form, the Commissioner’s written determination, and the expert’s
report were forwarded to Supreme Court, Oneida County. The court
appointed an independent psychiatric examiner chosen by petitioner’s
counsel, but petitioner refused to meet with him as well. That expert
indicated that he was unable to prepare a report without having a
personal examination. On the day scheduled for the annual review
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CA 11-02111

hearing, petitioner did not appear. The court confirmed with
petitioner’s counsel that petitioner was waiving the right to a
hearing, and the court thereafter issued an order finding that
petitioner is a dangerous sex offender in need of confinement.

Petitioner first contends that the court erred in denying his
motion for a change of venue to New York County. Contrary to
respondents’ contention, petitioner’s appeal from the final order
brings up for review the nonfinal order denying the motion for a
change of venue because it “necessarily affects” the final order (CPLR
5501 [a] [1]; see Matter of Aho, 39 NY2d 241, 248; Paul v Cooper
[appeal No. 2], 100 AD3d 1550, 1552).

We agree with respondents, however, that the motion was properly
denied because the court did not have the authority to change venue in
this proceeding seeking discharge under Mental Hygiene Law § 10.09.
Section 10.09 does not include any provision for a change of venue,
but section 10.08, which sets forth procedures for article 10
proceedings, provides as follows: “At any hearing or trial pursuant
to the provisions of this article, the court may change venue of the
trial to any county for good cause, which may include considerations
relating to the convenience of the parties or witnesses or the
condition of the respondent” (§ 10.08 [e] [emphasis added]).
Petitioner contends that venue may be changed for any hearing or trial
in an article 10 proceeding, whereas respondents contend that venue
may be changed only for a trial. We agree with respondents. The
statute is not ambiguous, and it “clearly and distinctly” shows the
legislative intent (McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes § 76;
see § 94). The legislature made a distinction between the terms
“hearing” and “trial” in the first phrase of the statute, but only
included “trial” when discussing a change of venue. The legislature’s
omission of the term “hearing” when discussing a change of venue does
not render the statute ambiguous but, rather, such omission
establishes the legislature’s intent to restrict a change of venue to
trials only.

Petitioner next contends that the court erred in finding that he
waived his right to an annual review hearing. Petitioner contends
that, while he waived his right to be present at the hearing, he did
not waive his right to the hearing itself. Mental Hygiene Law § 10.09
(d) provides, in relevant part, that the court shall hold an
evidentiary hearing as to the retention of the offender if it appears
from the submissions under section 10.09 (c) “that the [offender] has
petitioned, or has not affirmatively waived the right to petition, for
discharge . . . .” Section 10.09 (c) lists the materials that the
Commissioner forwards to the court, including the notice and waiver
form. Here, as noted earlier, petitioner indicated on the annual
notice with waiver form that he did not wish to waive his right to
petition for discharge. On the date scheduled for the hearing,
however, petitioner did not appear, prompting the court to ask
petitioner’s counsel, “[H]e didn’t want to come and he doesn’t want
his hearing?” (emphasis added). Counsel responded, “Right.” Section
10.09 (d) specifically contemplates that an offender may waive the
right to petition for discharge, and we conclude that, through
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CA 11-02111

counsel, petitioner waived that right.

We reject petitioner’s contention that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel. “[B]ecause [a sex offender] is subject to
civil confinement, the standard for determining whether effective
assistance of counsel was provided in criminal matters is applicable
here” (Matter of State of New York v Carter, 100 AD3d 1438, 1439).
Based on our review of the record, we conclude that petitioner
received meaningful representation (see generally People v Baldi, 54
NY2d 137, 147). We have considered petitioner’s remaining contentions
and conclude that they are without merit.

Entered: May 3, 2013 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court