SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
216
CA 12-01861
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, CARNI, VALENTINO, AND MARTOCHE, JJ.
TONYA TIEDE, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT,
V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
FRONTIER SKYDIVERS, INC., HOLLANDS INTERNATIONAL
FIELD AIRPORT, AL HOLLANDS, DAYSTAR TRADING &
VENTURES, LLC, PAUL GATH,
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS-RESPONDENTS,
ET AL., DEFENDANTS.
(APPEAL NO. 2.)
DIXON & HAMILTON, LLP, GETZVILLE (MICHAEL B. DIXON OF COUNSEL), FOR
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS-RESPONDENTS FRONTIER SKYDIVERS, INC. AND PAUL
GATH.
STEPHENS & STEPHENS, LLP, BUFFALO (R. WILLIAM STEPHENS OF COUNSEL),
FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS-RESPONDENTS HOLLANDS INTERNATIONAL FIELD
AIRPORT AND AL HOLLANDS.
JAECKLE FLEISCHMANN & MUGEL, LLP, BUFFALO (BRADLEY A. HOPPE OF
COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT DAYSTAR TRADING &
VENTURES, LLC.
FEROLETO LAW, BUFFALO (PAUL B. BECKER OF COUNSEL), FOR
PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
Appeals and cross appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Erie
County (John L. Michalski, A.J.), entered March 20, 2012. The order
dismissed plaintiff’s cause of action for gross negligence and
otherwise denied the motions of defendants to dismiss the amended
complaint.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this negligence action seeking
damages for injuries she sustained when a plane in which she was a
passenger crashed shortly after takeoff from defendant Hollands
International Field Airport (Hollands Airport), which is allegedly
owned and operated by defendant Al Hollands. The plane was owned by
defendant Daystar Trading & Ventures, LLC (Daystar) and was operated
by defendant Paul Gath, a pilot for defendant Frontier Skydivers, Inc.
(Frontier). A week before the accident, plaintiff had enrolled in a
one-hour course on skydiving provided by Frontier and signed a release
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of liability and assumption of risk agreement (release agreement).
Pursuant to the release agreement, plaintiff assumed the risk of any
injuries resulting from her participation in “parachuting activities”
and agreed to release the “Released Parties” from liability “for
injuries or damages arising out of [her] participation in ‘parachuting
activities’: even if caused by [negligence] . . . or other fault of
‘Released Parties.’ ” The “Released Parties” include Frontier and
Hollands Airport together with their owners, instructors, agents,
employees, pilots and aircraft owners. On the date of the accident,
plaintiff had returned to Hollands Airport to perform a tandem
skydiving jump with a Frontier instructor, but the plane crashed
before she was able to complete her jump.
Hollands Airport, Hollands, Gath, Frontier, and Daystar
(collectively, defendants) moved to dismiss plaintiff’s amended
complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211. Supreme Court granted the motions in
part by dismissing the cause of action for gross negligence and
otherwise denied the motions. Defendants appeal, and plaintiff cross-
appeals.
We note at the outset that the order in appeal No. 1 is
superceded by the subsequent order in appeal No. 2 (see Foster v
Kanous, 24 AD3d 1205, 1205; Matter of Eric D. [appeal No. 1], 162 AD2d
1051, 1051). We therefore dismiss defendants’ appeals and plaintiff’s
cross appeal from the order in appeal No. 1 (see Foster, 24 AD3d at
1205; Eric D., 162 AD2d at 1051) and, in the exercise of our
discretion, we treat the notices of appeal from the order in appeal
No. 1 of Frontier, Gath, Hollands Airport, and Hollands as valid and
deem the appeals as taken from the order in appeal No. 2 (see Foster,
24 AD3d at 1205).
On their appeals, defendants contend that the court erred in
failing to dismiss the amended complaint in its entirety because the
release agreement bars plaintiff’s claims and General Obligations Law
§ 5-326 does not render the release agreement void. We reject that
contention. Defendants assert that section 5-326 does not apply here
because Frontier is an instructional facility, rather than a
recreational facility. Where a facility is “used for purely
instructional purposes,” section 5-326 is inapplicable even if the
instruction that is provided relates to an activity that is
recreational in nature (Bacchiocchi v Ranch Parachute Club, 273 AD2d
173, 175; see Millan v Brown, 295 AD2d 409, 411; cf. Debell v
Wellbridge Club Mgt., Inc., 40 AD3d 248, 249-250). “In assessing
whether a facility is instructional or recreational, courts have
examined, inter alia, the organization’s name, its certificate of
incorporation, its statement of purpose and whether the money it
charges is tuition or a fee for use of the facility” (Lemoine v
Cornell Univ., 2 AD3d 1017, 1019, lv denied 2 NY3d 701). On a motion
to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211, a court “may . . . consider
affidavits and other evidentiary material to ‘establish conclusively
that plaintiff has no cause of action’ ” (Mantione v Crazy Jakes,
Inc., 101 AD3d 1719, 1720). We conclude that Frontier’s facility is
not used purely for instructional purposes based upon our review of
Frontier’s certificate of incorporation, including the statement of
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CA 12-01861
purpose contained therein; the services for which plaintiff paid a
fee, i.e., whether she paid for a course of instruction or for use of
the facilities; as well as the other evidence submitted by defendants.
Thus, defendants have failed to establish as a matter of law that
General Obligations Law § 5-326 does not apply here (see generally
Bacchiocchi, 273 AD2d at 174-175; Rogowicki v Troser Mgt., 212 AD2d
1035, 1035; Wurzer v Seneca Sport Parachute Club, 66 AD2d 1002, 1003)
and have failed to establish conclusively that plaintiff has no cause
of action.
On cross appeal, plaintiff contends that the court improperly
dismissed her cause of action alleging gross negligence. We reject
that contention. Even “accept[ing] the facts as alleged in the
[amended] complaint as true [and] accord[ing] plaintiff[] the benefit
of every possible favorable inference” (Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d 83,
87), we conclude that plaintiff has not alleged conduct on the part of
defendants that “evinces a reckless disregard for the rights of others
or smacks of intentional wrongdoing” (Colnaghi, U.S.A. v Jewelers
Protection Servs., 81 NY2d 821, 823-824 [internal quotation marks
omitted]). Thus, the court properly granted that part of defendants’
motions to dismiss the gross negligence cause of action.
Entered: April 26, 2013 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court