Vernell Whitley v. State of Missouri

In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District DIVISION F()UR VERNELL WHITLEY, ) ED1037l6 ) Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Cotn't ) of the City of St. Louis v. ) l422-CC09888 ) STATE OF MISSOURI, ) Honorable Julian L. Bush ) Respondent. ) Filed: October IS, 2016 Introdnction Vernell Whitley (Movant) appeals from the motion conrt’s judgment denying his Rule 24.035l motion after an evidentiary hearing Movant claims that the motion court erred in denying his request for post-conviction relief, because plea counsel was ineffective for failing to advise him that by pleading guilty he would waive his right to appeal the trial court’s ruling on his alleged speedy-trial Violation. We affirm Factual and Procedural Background The State charged Movant with two counts of first-degree robbery and two counts of armed criminal action (ACA), stemming from a February 2012 incident in which Movant forcibly stole the cell phones of two people and in doing so displayed what l Ail rule references are to Mo. R. Crim. P. (20]6), unless otherwise indicated appeared to be a deadly Weapon. At the time of his arrest on February 8, 2012, l\/lovant was on probation for a 2011 conviction for possession of a controlled substance On August 23, 2012, the trial court revoked Movant’s probation and sentenced him to five years in the Missouri Department of Corrections. On August 22, 2012, Movant filed a pro se speedy-trial motion on the robbery and ACA charges; he filed a second speedy-trial motion in January of2013', and in September of 2013, he filed a motion to dismiss fora violation of his right to a speedy trial. His case was not scheduled for trial until January 21, 2014. The parties appeared for trial on January 21, 2014, whereupon the trial court heard arguments on Movant’s motion to dismiss for a violation of his right to a speedy trial. The trial court determined that, while the overall delay of nearly two years between his arrest and his trial was “appalling” and indicated a “systemic failure,” 11.5 months of the 235-month delay was attributable to Movant’s requests for continuances2 'l"he court overruled Movant’s motion to dismiss the indictment, finding that the 12-month delay attributable to the State was not egregious and not deliberate, and that the delay did not prejudice 1\/10vant.3 Trial began and after voir dire, Movant announced that he wished to Withdraw his plea of not guilty and to enter a plea of guilty not pursuant to the State’s recommendation of 15 years. The State stated that had the case gone to trial, it Would have proven Movant approached John J ones and Gregory J ones with a gun, whereupon Movant and his associates took a cell phone and U.S. currency from John Jones, and a cell phone from 2 Although Movant objected to at least one of the continuances requested by his counsel, a defendant is bound by the actions of his attorney and the delays from defense-requested continuances are attributable to the defendant in determining a speedy-trial violation State v. Holmes, 428 S.W.2d 571, 572 (Mo. 1968)` 3 The trial court reached this conclusion in part based on the fact that Movant would have been incarcerated regardless, due to his probation revocation Gregory Jones. Movant denied these facts, agreeing he was there but stating a robbery did not occur. Nevertheless, he stated that although a crime had not occurred, he wished to plead guilty. The trial court inquired if he wished to plead guilty pursuant to M.4 The court took a break for Movant’s counsel to explain an Aitl)rd plea to Movant, alter which Movant again reiterated that he did not want to go to trial but wanted to plead guilty. He agreed tlie State had sufficient evidence to prove its case because it would be his word versus the two witnesses’ testimony, but he did not admit he committed the crimes as charged The court listed the rights Movant would waive by pleading guilty, including the right to appeal his guilty verdict, and accepted Movant’s guilty plea. The court sentenced Movant to concurrent sentences of 15 years in the Department of Corrections on each of the four counts. Movaiit timely filed his pro se motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to Ruie 24.035. Through appointed counsei, he argued his plea counsel was ineffective for failing to advise him that by pleading guilty he was waiving his right to challenge the trial court’s ruling on his motion to dismiss for a speedy-trial violation. Had Movant known that by pleading guilty he was waiving this right, he would not have pled guilty. He requested an evidentiary hearing, which the motion court granted. At the evidentiary hearing, l\/lovant’s plea counsel, Matthew Waltz (Waltz), testified that although he did not specifically tell Movant that by pleading guilty he would waive his right to appeal the court’s speedy-trial ruling, the trial court specifically told Movant he Would be giving up his right to appeal and Waltz had discussed with Movant in a “general sense” that he would not be able to file an appeal. Waltz stated that had the case 4 North Cai'olina v. Alfoi‘d, 400 U.S. 25 (1973). gone to trial and resulted in a guilty verdict, he would have included the speedy-trial argument in his motion for a new trial. Moreover, Waltz testified that l\/Iovant initiated the decision to change his plea to guilty because he wanted to gamble on a sentence less than the State’s recommendation of 15 years. l\/lovant also testified, saying that while Waltz and the plea court had discussed that by pleading guilty Movant would waive his right to appeal, he believed that the waiver only applied to the guilty verdict and not the speedy- trial issue. He stated he pled guilty because he was hoping for a sentence of less than 15 years. At the close of the evidentiary liearing, the motion court denied l\/lovant’s Rule 24.035.motion. The motion court stated that it “disbelieved” Movant’s testimony that he would not have pled guilty if he had known he would have been unable to appeal the speedy-trial issue, and thus Movant’s plea was not involuntary and he was not prejudicedl This appeal followsl Discussion On appeal, Movant claims the motion court clearly erred in denying his Rule 24.035 motion after an evidentiary hearing, because Waltz was ineffective for failing to advise Movant that by pleading guilty he was waiving his right to appeal the speedy-trial violation. We disagree Our review of the denial of a Rule 24.035 motion is “limited to a determination of whether the findings and conclusions of the trial court are clearly erroneous.” Rule 24.035(1<); Weei