In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Easter-n Distrtct
DIVISION FOUR
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) No. ED103624
)
Respondent, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of Cape Girardeau County
vs. )
) Honorable Michael E. Gardner
DARNELL BROWNLEE, )
)
Appeilant. ) FILED: October 18, 2016
Introduction
Darnell Brownlee (“Brownlee”) appeals from the judgment of the trial court following a
jury trial convicting him of one count of distributing a controlled substance near a school in
violation of Section 195.214.' In his sole point on appeal, Brownlee argues that the trial court
abused its discretion by admitting into evidence, without a proper foundation, a photograph
purportedly depicting Brownlee’s location during the sale of the controlled substance in relation
to a nearby school. Because the authenticating witness was familiar with the depicted subject
matter and could testify from his personal observations, the trial court did not abuse its discretion
in admitting the photograph Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
‘ Ali statutory references are to RSMo (Cum, Supp. 2013).
Factual and Procedural Historv
The State charged Brownlee with one count of distributing a controlled substance near a
school. Specifically, the State alleged that on November 18, 2014, Brownlee sold heroin to an
undercover officer at 233 W. St. Joseph Street in Perryville, Missouri. The State contended that
the location of the sale was within 2,000 feet of Immanuel Lutheran School (the “Schocl”) and
thereby in violation of Section 195.214.
During the subsequentjury trial, the State introduced an aerial photograph depicting the
location of the sale in relation to the nearby School. The photograph identified and labeled 233
W. St. Joseph Street and the School, and it provided a red circle delineating a l,UOO-foot radius
around the School. The State offered the testimony of Offrcer Jason Kelley (“Officer Keliey”) to
provide a foundation for authenticating the photograph Offlcer Kelley stated that he was a
deputy sheriff with the Perry County Sliei'ifPs Department and had over fifteen years of
experience with the department Officer Kelley testified that he had personally observed the sale
at 233 W. St. Joseph Street and was familiar with the location of the sale in relation to the
surrounding area. Officer Kelley further testified the following:
This is an aerial photograph of a part of the city of Perryville?
Yes.
Now, from what location, from what source did you get this photograph?
I got this from Southeast Missouri Planning.
And what is that?
It’s a companyH)r l shouldn’t say it’s a company, but it’s an organization
that is involved in mapping and other~~m
Provide other service?
_services to the community and surrounding Southeast Missouri.
Okay. Are you personally familiar with the part of town that’s displayed
in this aerial photograph?
Yes.
For exampie, Way off here to the side l see what appears to be what?v The
courthouse?
The Perry County [C}ourthouse.
Ail right. Are you familiar with all the roads in that general area?
Yes.
?.>'QF? '.Q?.> '.Q?.>*.Q ?.>'.@?.>'_O_??@
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Does this photograph fairly and accurately depict the streets, the buildings
and-_I guess that’s it_the streets and buildings in Perryville in Novernber
of 20]4?
Yes.
All right. Have you done anything to alter or, you know, change or
exaggerate any part of the things that are shown in this photograph?
No.
Okay. This is exactly the way the Regional Planning Commission gave it
to you?
Yes.
Specifically, and the reason we’re asking for His Honor to consider this,
does this show the area of West Saint Joseph Street, Shelby Street, and I
said Nortlt Street, but it’s actually West South Street near the Immanuel
Lutheran grade school?
A: That’s correct.
'QF'Z' /Q?_> @?i*
Q: Okay. And this is a fair and accurate depiction of all of that area in
November of 2014?
A: Yes.
Brownlee objected to the admission of the photograph, arguing that the trial court should
not admit the photograph unless Officer Kelley was the photographer or knew the circumstances
surrounding its creation. The trial court overruled Brownlee’s objection and admitted the
photograph into evidence.
After the jury returned a guilty verdict, Brownlee filed a motion for a new trial,
contending in part that the photograph’s admission into evidence deprived him of a fair trial.
The trial court denied Brownlee’s motion and sentenced him, as a prior and persistent offender,
to twenty years in prison. This appeal follows.
Points on Appeal
In his sole point on appeal, Brownlee argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
admitting the photograph into evidence. Specifically, Brownlee asserts that the State did not
provide a proper foundation for the photograph because it did not offer the testimony of either
the photographer or a witness who knew of the circumstances surrounding the creation of the
photograph
Discussion
A. Standard of Review
Trial courts have broad discretion regarding the admission of photographs M
My, 744 S.W.2d 762, 772 (Mo. banc 1988). This broad discretion includes the trial court’s
determination of whether the photograph’s proponent provides a proper foundation for admitting
the photograph into evidence. State v. Cowles, 203 S.W.3d 303, 312 (Mo. App. S.D. 2006). We
will not disturb the trial court’s determination absent a clear abuse of that discretion. §jgt§L
Msgn, 207 S.W.3d 24, 42 (Mo. banc 2006). A trial court abuses this discretion when its ruling
“is clearly against the logic of the circumstances then before the court, and is so unreasonable
and arbitrary that it shocks the sense of justice and indicates a lack of careful, deliberate
consideration.” State v. Roggenbuck, 387 S.W.3d 376, 382 (Mo. banc 2012) (quoting Bt§y_.
Da_vis, 318 S.W.3d 618, 630 (Mo. banc 2010)).
B. Admissibilitv of the Photogranh
On appeal, Brownlee argues that because Southeast Missouri Planning created the
photograph and a representative from Southeast Missouri Planning did not testify at` trial, the
State necessarily failed to provide a sufficient foundation for the admission of the photograph
into evidencel Additionally, Brownlee asserts that the State did not establish that Officer Kelley
“had seen the depiction from the air” and so he was not competent to testify from his personal
observations
Brownlee’s point has no inerit. To provide a proper foundation for admitting a
photograph, the proponent of the photograph must show that the photograph is “an accurate
representation of what it purports to show” via “the testimony of any witness who is familiar
with the subject matter of the [photographj and competent to testify from personal observation,”
ngle_s_, 203 S.W.3d at 312 (quoting State v. Powers, 148 S.W.3d 830, 832 (Mo. App. E.D.
4
2004)). As a result, the testimony of any witness who is familiar with the subject matter of the
photograph through his or her personal observations is competent to provide a proper foundation
for the photograph’s admission into evidence. State v. Daugherty, 631 S.W.2d 637, 641 (Mo.
banc 1982). Indeed, the creator of a photograph is not required to testify at trial in order to
establish the proper foundation for a photograph State v. McGee, 336 Mo. 1082, 1096-97 (Mo.
1935); § State v. Smith, 681 S.W.2d 518, 521 (Mo. App. S.D. 1984) (rejecting appellant’s
contention that the trial court improperly admitted a photograph taken by an unidentified
photographer). Additionally, the witness need not know the circumstances of the creation of the
photograph or necessarily have observed the exact view of the subject matter as depicted by the
photograph E State v. McNear, 343 S.W.3d 703, 704~705 (Mo. App. S.D. 2011).
Here, Officer Kelley testified that he had fifteen years of experience with the Perry
County Sheriff"s Department and was personally familiar with the streets, buildings, and area
identified by the photograph Viewing the photograph, Officer Kelley was able to identify
certain depicted landmarks and buildings. Further, Officer Kelley knew fi'om personal
experience the area between the School and the location of the sale. Familiar with this layout of
Perryville, Officer Kelley stated that the photograph accurately depicted the streets, buildings,
and area at issue. As a result, Officer Kelley’s testimony confirmed a level of familiarity with
the subject matter of the photograph that allowed him to testify competently as to its accuracy
from his personal observations E M, 203 S.W.3d at 312. Accordingly, the trial court did
not abuse its discretion by admitting the photograph into evidence.
Conclusion
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed
tsa/tow
Kt(nrr s. onni\iwALD, rudge
Jarnes. M. Dowd, P.J., and Gary M. Gaertner, Jr., J., concur
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