IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Jacqueline Krotz, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, : No. 200 C.D. 2016
Respondent : Submitted: July 15, 2016
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY FILED: October 19, 2016
Jacqueline Krotz (Claimant) petitions this Court for review of the
Unemployment Compensation (UC) Board of Review’s (UCBR) January 12, 2016
order affirming the Referee’s decision denying her UC benefits under Section 402(e)
of the UC Law (Law).1 Claimant presents two issues for this Court’s review: (1)
whether the UCBR erred by determining that Claimant engaged in willful misconduct
by finding that Claimant deliberately refused to comply with Ginger Bread House
Daycare’s (Employer) rule or policy; and (2) whether the UCBR erred by finding that
Claimant acted below the standard of behavior that Employer had a right to expect.2
After review, we affirm.
1
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex.Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §
802(e) (referring to willful misconduct).
2
Claimant’s Statement of the Question(s) Involved contains four issues:
I. Whether the [UCBR] committed an error of law in determining that
[Claimant] engaged in willful misconduct in connection with her
separation from employment[;]
Claimant was employed as a full-time teacher’s assistant from October
2014 through September 3, 2015. Employer has a policy prohibiting employees from
causing physical harm to a child. Violation of this policy is grounds for disciplinary
action up to and including discharge. Claimant was aware of that policy.
On September 3, 2015, Claimant and another teacher’s assistant were
giving the children snacks in their highchairs. Claimant began taking the highchairs’
trays off and directing the children to step out of the highchairs. A 20-month-old
child (the Child), was not able to get out of her highchair on her own, so Claimant
lifted the Child by her arm and put her on the floor. Although the Child remained on
the floor for several minutes while the other children were playing, Claimant ignored
her and continued cleaning the highchairs. The Child eventually approached
Claimant, and Claimant examined her arm, however, Claimant returned to cleaning
the highchairs. The Child walked to a play mat in the center of the floor holding her
arm. The Child was alone, resting against the play mat for several minutes.
Thereafter, Claimant again examined the Child’s arm. Claimant eventually took the
Child to the front office and the manager called an ambulance. The Child was taken
to St. Mary’s Hospital and then was transferred to The Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia for “a dislocated arm.” Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 8A. Employer
discharged Claimant for violating its policy against causing physical harm to a child.
....
II. Whether the [UCBR] committed an error of law in finding that
[Claimant] deliberately refused to comply with [] [E]mployer’s rule or
policy[;]
....
III. Whether [E]mployer[’]s work rule was reasonable[;]
....
IV. Whether the [UCBR] committed an error of law in finding that
[Claimant] acted below the standard of behavior that [E]mployer had
a right to expect[.]
Claimant Br. at 2-3. Issues one and three are subsumed within issue one and will be addressed
accordingly.
2
Claimant applied for UC benefits. On September 24, 2015, the UC
Service Center found Claimant ineligible for benefits under Section 402(e) of the
Law. Claimant appealed and a Referee hearing was held. On October 23, 2015, the
Referee affirmed the UC Service Center’s determination. Claimant appealed to the
UCBR. On January 12, 2016, the UCBR affirmed the Referee’s decision. Claimant
appealed to this Court.3
Claimant first argues that the UCBR erred by determining that Claimant
engaged in willful misconduct because she did not deliberately violate Employer’s
work rule or policy. We disagree. Initially,
Section 402(e) of the Law provides that an employee is
ineligible for unemployment compensation benefits when
his unemployment is due to discharge from work for willful
misconduct connected to his work. The employer bears the
burden of proving willful misconduct in an unemployment
compensation case. Willful misconduct has been defined as
(1) an act of wanton or willful disregard of the employer’s
interest; (2) a deliberate violation of the employer’s rules;
(3) a disregard of standards of behavior which the employer
has a right to expect of an employee; or (4) negligence
indicating an intentional disregard of the employer’s
interest or a disregard of the employee’s duties and
obligations to the employer.
Dep’t of Transp. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 755 A.2d 744, 747-48 n.4
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2000) (citation omitted). “When an employee is discharged for
violating a work rule, the employer must prove the existence of the rule and the fact
of its violation.” Lewis v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 42 A.3d 375, 377
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2012). “Once the employer has met its initial burden, the burden then
3
“Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were violated,
whether an error of law was committed, or whether the findings of fact were unsupported by
substantial evidence. Section 704 of the Administrative Agency Law, 2 Pa.C.S. § 704.” Turgeon v.
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 64 A.3d 729, 731 n.3 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013).
3
shifts to the claimant to show either that the rule is unreasonable or that claimant had
good cause for violating the rule.” Cnty. of Luzerne v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of
Review, 611 A.2d 1335, 1338 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992).
Here, Claimant stipulated that she was aware of the policy prohibiting
harm to a child. See R.R. at 10A. Claimant admitted that she “lift[ed] the [C]hild
incorrectly.” R.R. at 17A. Claimant further explained that she “should’ve lifted [the
Child] with two arms—with two hands.” Id. Moreover, it is undisputed that as a
result thereof, the Child was taken by ambulance to St. Mary’s Hospital and then
transferred to The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia for “a dislocated arm.” R.R. at
8A. Finally, Claimant did not establish that the policy was unreasonable or that she
had good cause to violate it.
Claimant acknowledged that she improperly picked the Child up by one
arm, and that she was aware of the proper method to lift a child. Claimant failed to
use the proper method to lift the Child from the highchair, which resulted in an
injury. Thus, Claimant’s argument that her actions were not an intentional violation
of Employer’s policy prohibiting harm must fail. If Claimant had used the proper
procedure to lift the Child from the highchair, Claimant would not have harmed the
Child. Accordingly, the UCBR properly determined that Claimant committed willful
misconduct by violating Employer’s work rule or policy.
Claimant next contends that the UCBR erred by determining that
Claimant engaged in willful misconduct by disregarding the standard of behavior that
Employer had the right to expect of her because she “did not realize that the [C]hild
was injured” since “the [C]hild was not crying and there was no indication that the
[C]hild was hurt initially.” Claimant Br. at 11.
4
The law is well established that:
[T]he [UCBR] is the ultimate fact-finder in unemployment
compensation matters and is empowered to resolve all
conflicts in evidence, witness credibility, and weight
accorded the evidence. It is irrelevant whether the record
contains evidence to support findings other than those made
by the fact-finder; the critical inquiry is whether there is
evidence to support the findings actually made. Where
substantial evidence supports the [UCBR’s] findings, they
are conclusive on appeal.
Ductmate Indus., Inc. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 949 A.2d 338, 342 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2008) (citations omitted). This Court has explained:
Substantial evidence is relevant evidence upon which a
reasonable mind could base a conclusion. In deciding
whether there is substantial evidence to support the
[UCBR’s] findings, this Court must examine the testimony
in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, in this
case, [] Employer, giving that party the benefit of any
inferences which can logically and reasonably be drawn
from the evidence.
Sanders v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 739 A.2d 616, 618 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1999).
Here, the UCBR found as a fact that after Claimant lifted the Child by
her arm and placed her on the floor, “[C]laimant ignored the [C]hild and continued to
clean the high[]chairs.” R.R. at 38A, Finding of Fact 8. The UCBR opined that,
although “[C]laimant asserted the [C]hild did not appear to be injured when she
initially put her on the floor[,] [E]mployer’s witness contended the [C]hild was crying
and was clearly injured[.]” R.R. at 39A. “The [UCBR] reviewed the video
surveillance and [found E]mployer more credible.” Id.
Given the facts as found by the UCBR, and viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to Employer, as we must, we find that substantial evidence
5
supports the UCBR’s holding that Claimant committed willful misconduct by
disregarding the standard of behavior that Employer had the right to expect of her.
For all of the above reasons, the UCBR’s order is affirmed.
___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
6
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Jacqueline Krotz, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, : No. 200 C.D. 2016
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 19th day of October, 2016, the Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review’s January 12, 2016 order is affirmed.
___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge