In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISION TWO
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) No. ED103082
)
Plaintiff/Respondent, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of
) the City of St. Louis
v. )
) Honorable Thomas J. Frawley
KAVIN RACHEL, )
)
Defendant/Appellant. ) Filed: November 8, 2016
Introduction
Kavin Rachel (Appellant) appeals from the trial court’s judgment entered upon a jury
verdict acquitting him of first-degree statutory rape (Count I), and convicting him of three
separate counts of first-degree statutory sodomy (Counts II, III and IV). We affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence presented at trial showed
the following.
In 2011, when Victim was three years old, her mother (Mother) and Appellant dated for a
few months and then broke up. In January of 2013, Mother and Appellant resumed their
relationship and Appellant moved into Mother’s house. Appellant lived in the house for six
months, from January through June of 2013. Also living in Mother’s house were Victim, who
was five years old at the time, her two older brothers, and her two older male cousins. Mother
shared her bedroom on the second floor with Appellant, Victim’s bedroom was next door to
Mother’s, and Victim’s brothers and cousins slept in the basement. Mother worked as a certified
nursing assistant (CNA) from 2:30 p.m. until 11:00 p.m., while Appellant worked from about
4:00 or 5:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. After work, Appellant would go to the house, and was the only
adult there until Mother arrived home after she finished her work at 11:00 p.m.
On June 18, 2013, Victim’s oldest brother told Mother she needed to talk to Victim, who
was outside playing with some neighborhood kids. When Mother approached Victim, Victim
started crying and told Mother Appellant had touched and licked her “down there” between her
legs. Mother took Victim to the hospital, where she saw a doctor and spoke to social worker
Karen Gudic (Gudic). Victim told Gudic Appellant had put his hands between her legs, pointing
to her genital area. Victim also told Gudic Appellant had “licked her spot.” When Gudic asked
Victim to point to her “spot,” Victim grabbed her shorts and underwear, pulled them to the side,
showed Gudic her vaginal area, and said “right there.”
That night, Mother called the police when Appellant arrived home.
On June 19, 2013, Victim was interviewed by forensic interviewer Diarra Cross-Davis
(Cross-Davis) at the Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC). A video recording of this interview
was admitted into evidence at trial and played for the jury. The video recording disclosed the
following. Cross-Davis asked Victim why she had gone to see the doctor. Victim replied, “It’s a
bad answer.” Victim told Cross-Davis Appellant had put his hands between her legs and had
touched her “privacy,” which she indicated was her vaginal area. Victim stated Appellant
touched her with his hand on her skin and had put his hand “in there,” “all the way between
there,” and it “felt bad.” Victim pointed to her groin and said Appellant had “already” licked her
before that. This had happened in Mother’s bedroom. When Cross-Davis asked Victim what
Appellant was doing when he had his hand between her legs, Victim wiggled her fingers. Victim
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also stated Appellant had put his privacy in her privacy. Victim said Appellant had touched her
between her legs in Victim’s bedroom.
Mother testified she had noticed Victim had been keeping her distance from Appellant
and resisted hugging him for about a month prior.
The State charged Appellant with one count of first-degree statutory rape (Count I) and
three counts of counts of first-degree statutory sodomy (Counts II, III, and IV), for conduct
involving Victim, a child less than 12 years old, that occurred between January 1 and June 18,
2013. Counts II and IV alleged Appellant put his fingers in Victim’s genitals while in Victim’s
mother’s bedroom (Count II) and Victim’s bedroom (Count IV), and Count III alleged Appellant
put his mouth on Victim’s genitals while in Victim’s mother’s bedroom.
These counts were tried to a jury from January 13 through January 15, 2015. On January
15, 2015, the jury acquitted Appellant of Count I, the statutory rape count, and convicted him of
Counts II, III, and IV, the sodomy counts. The trial court sentenced Appellant to 15 years on
each count, to run concurrently. This appeal follows. Additional facts pertinent to the points on
appeal will be adduced as necessary.
Points on Appeal
In his first point on appeal, Appellant claims the trial court abused its discretion in failing
to declare a mistrial, or in the alternative, in failing to hold a full investigative hearing based on
witness misconduct, because Deputy Nathan Friar (Deputy Friar) testified he heard Mother tell
Victim in the witness room “to go out there and say exactly what I told you to say when you get
on the stand and nothing else.” Appellant contends Deputy Friar’s testimony indicated Victim’s
trial testimony in which she stated Appellant raped her was coached, resulting in the improper
admission of testimony that affected the jury’s verdict.
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In his second point, Appellant asserts the trial court erred in denying his motion for
judgment of acquittal because the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction of Counts
II and IV, in that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt he committed the charged
act of deviate sexual intercourse of putting his fingers in Victim’s genitals while in her mother’s
bedroom (Count II) and while in Victim’s bedroom (Count IV) because Victim repeatedly
indicated in her CAC interview Appellant had touched her “on her privacy,” and when asked to
demonstrate how Appellant had touched her, spread the fingers of her hand and moved them in a
manner imitating spider legs or the light playing of fingers on piano keys.
In his third point, Appellant maintains the trial court plainly erred in submitting verdict
directors, Instructions 6, 7, and 8 on Counts II, III, and IV, because they failed to sufficiently
differentiate between the multiple sex acts underlying each count, thus failing to ensure the jury
reached a unanimous verdict based on the same acts of deviate sexual intercourse.
In his fourth point, Appellant contends the trial court plainly erred in submitting verdict
directors, Instructions 6 and 8 on Counts II and IV, because they improperly hypothesized
Appellant put his fingers in Victim’s genitals when the evidence did not support he had
committed such an act.
Standards of Review
The decision whether to grant or deny a mistrial rests within the sound discretion of the
trial court and on appeal, the trial court’s decision will not be disturbed absent an abuse of
discretion. State v. Fassero, 256 S.W.3d 109, 115 (Mo.banc 2008).
This Court reviews the denial of a motion for acquittal to determine if the State adduced
sufficient evidence to make a submissible case. State v. Sistrunk, 414 S.W.3d 592, 596
(Mo.App. E.D. 2013). This Court will affirm a trial court’s denial of a motion for judgment of
acquittal if, at the close of evidence, there was sufficient evidence from which reasonable
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persons could have found the defendant guilty of the charged offense. Id. In so reviewing, this
Court accepts as true all of the evidence favorable to the State, including all favorable inferences
drawn therefrom, whereas all contrary evidence and inferences are disregarded. Id.
An unpreserved claim of error can be reviewed only for plain error, which requires a
finding of manifest injustice or a miscarriage of justice resulting from the trial court’s error.
State v. Celis-Garcia, 344 S.W.3d 150, 154 (Mo.banc 2011). For instructional error to constitute
plain error, the defendant must demonstrate the trial court so misdirected or failed to instruct the
jury that the error affected the jury’s verdict. Id.
Discussion
Point I
Appellant contends Victim’s trial testimony in which she stated Appellant raped her was
coached by Mother. After the jury retired to deliberate on January 15, 2015, Deputy Friar
informed the trial court he heard Mother tell Victim before Victim was brought into court to
testify to “say exactly what I told you to say when you get on the stand and nothing else.”
Deputy Friar told the trial court these were Mother’s exact words. Appellant moved for a
mistrial, or to hold an evidentiary hearing on the matter. The trial judge denied the motion for a
mistrial, but agreed to hold an evidentiary hearing post-verdict, with another judge conducting
the hearing and overseeing it to determine whether there was witness misconduct, since Deputy
Friar was the trial judge’s deputy. On January 15, 2015, the jury returned its verdict of not guilty
on Count I, and guilty on Counts II, III and IV.
Appellant presented the issues he believed were raised by Deputy Friar’s disclosure of
Mother’s statement to Victim in points 5, 6, 7, and 8 of his Motion for New Trial to be
considered by Judge Michael K. Mullen. The State filed its response. On May 14, 2014, the
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evidentiary hearing on points 5, 6, 7, and 8 was held. After hearing evidence and argument,
Judge Mullen took the matter under submission. The next day, Judge Mullen issued the
following judgment, which stated in pertinent part:
[Appellant’s] motion for a new trial…is called for hearing on points 5, 6, 7
and 8 concerning the allegation that the victim in this case was impermissibly
coached by her mother prior to the victim testifying in this case. Evidence [is]
adduced through testimony of Sheriff’s Deputy Nathan Friar, BACA member
Randal Carter, two members of the Circuit Attorneys Victim Assistance Program,
and the victim’s mother…. The Court also received into evidence [Appellant’s]
Exhibits A and B. Upon the conclusion of the testimony and upon the reading of
the exhibits, the Court is not persuaded that the victim in this case was
impermissibly coached by her mother.
Therefore, [Appellant’s] Motion for a New Trial…is denied as to points 5, 6, 7,
and 8. Cause returned to Division 22 for further proceeding.
Appellant maintains Deputy Friar’s account of what Mother said to Victim showed
Victim’s trial testimony was “coached, and thus possibly perjured,” constituted witness
misconduct, and the “State did not prove otherwise.” However, the State did prove otherwise.
An evidentiary hearing was held in front of Judge Mullen. Testimony was elicited from Mother;
Deputy Friar; Randal Carter (Carter), President of the East Missouri Chapter of Bikers Against
Child Abuse (BACA); Maggie Elking (Elking), a Victim Advocate from the Attorney General’s
Victim Services Office; and Becky Schulz (Schultz), Child Advocate in the Victim Services
Office. All of these individuals were in the witness room at the time the statement was allegedly
made. The room is small. None of the witnesses corroborated what Deputy Friar heard. Mother
steadfastly denied saying it. Mother stated she only told Victim to be a big girl and tell the truth.
Carter, Elking, and Schultz all testified they were attentive to Victim and what was going on in
the witness room and they never heard Mother say anything to the effect of what Deputy Friar
alleged.
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After taking the matter under submission, Judge Mullen considered the matter and
concluded the State demonstrated Victim was not improperly coached by Mother and Victim’s
testimony was not perjured. Judge Mullen was able to consider the statement made in the
context of the circumstances as recounted by other individuals in the witness room who were
there prior to Deputy Friar’s arrival. As the trier of fact, the trial court determines the credibility
of witnesses and is free to believe or disbelieve all or part of the witnesses’ testimony. Zink v.
State, 278 S.W.3d 170, 192 (Mo.banc 2009). On appeal, the credibility of witnesses is generally
a matter for the trial court’s determination to which an appellate court gives considerable
deference. State v. Rousan, 961 S.W.2d 831, 845 (Mo.banc 1998).
We also note Appellant was acquitted by the jury of the statutory rape charge – the only
rape charge. The only testimony Victim gave on the stand regarding Appellant’s actions against
her as charged by the State was her statement that he “raped” her. Appellant was acquitted of
that charge. As such, it is unclear what prejudicial effect Victim’s alleged perjured testimony
had on Appellant.
Based on the foregoing, Appellant’s request for remand for an evidentiary hearing on the
matter is denied as moot, because an evidentiary hearing was in fact held. Further, the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion for mistrial because the court, as trier of fact
and determiner of credibility in this matter, determined there was no witness misconduct
meriting same. Point I is denied.
Points II and IV
In his second point, Appellant asserts he was entitled to an acquittal on Counts II and IV
because the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt he committed the charged act of
deviate sexual intercourse of putting his fingers in Victim’s genitals while in her mother’s
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bedroom (Count II) and while in Victim’s bedroom (Count IV). In his fourth point, Appellant
contends the trial court plainly erred in submitting verdict directors, Instructions 6 and 8 on
Counts II and IV, because they improperly hypothesized Appellant put his fingers in Victim’s
genitals when the evidence did not support he had committed such an act.
In support of his assertions, Appellant argues Victim only stated in her CAC interview
that Appellant had touched her “on her privacy.” Appellant also maintains Victim spread and
wiggled her fingers when asked by Cross-Davis to demonstrate how Appellant had touched her
on her privacy, contravening the charge Appellant put his fingers into her vagina.
However, Victim also said to Cross-Davis that Appellant’s hand was on her skin and was
“in there” and “all the way between there.” Victim further told Cross-Davis Appellant’s actions
in doing this “felt bad,” indicating his touch was more than a tap on the skin.
When a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support a finding that
sexual contact occurred, the issue is whether there is at least a reasonable inference that there
was the touching of the genitals. State v. Greenlee, 327 S.W.3d 602, 619 (Mo.App. E.D. 2010).
We accept as true all of the evidence favorable to the State, including all favorable inferences
drawn from the evidence, and disregard all evidence and inferences to the contrary. Id. In his
argument under Point II, Appellant is asking this Court to take into account all contrary
inferences and disregard the evidence favorable to the jury’s verdict. This we cannot do. In the
instant case, we find the jury could have made a reasonable inference from the evidence
presented, disregarding all contrary inferences, that Appellant put his finger in Victim’s genitals
to support a guilty verdict on Counts II and IV. See Greenlee, 327 S.W.3d at 619.
It follows from this finding that the verdict directors, Instructions 6 and 8 on Counts II
and IV were not at variance with the evidence presented. Counts II and IV alleged hand-to-
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genital contact in Mother’s bedroom (Count II) and Victim’s bedroom (Count IV). The verdict
director for Count II (Instruction 6) required the jury to find that “on or between January 1, 2013
and June 18, 2013…the defendant put his fingers in [Victim]’s genitals while in her mother’s
bedroom.” The verdict director for Count IV (Instruction 8) required the jury to find that “on or
between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013…the defendant put his fingers in [Victim]’s genitals
while in [Victim]’s bedroom.” Because we find the jury could have made a reasonable inference
from the evidence presented that Appellant put his finger in Victim’s genitals, it follows the trial
court did not plainly err in submitting verdict directors, Instructions 6 and 8 on Counts II and IV
because they did not improperly hypothesize Appellant put his fingers in Victim’s genitals when
the evidence did not support he had committed such an act.
Based on the foregoing, Points II and IV are denied.
Point III
In his third point, Appellant maintains the trial court plainly erred in submitting verdict
directors, Instructions 6, 7 and 8 on Counts II, III, and IV because they failed to sufficiently
differentiate between the multiple sex acts underlying each count, thus failing to ensure the jury
reached a unanimous verdict based on the same acts of deviate sexual intercourse.
Counts II and IV alleged hand-to-genital contact in Mother’s bedroom (Count II) and
Victim’s bedroom (Count IV). Count III alleged mouth-to-genital contact in Mother’s bedroom.
The evidence supporting these counts is as follows. During Victim’s interview at the CAC with
Cross-Davis, Victim used the word “privacy” to mean her genital area, or her vagina. Victim
pointed to the area on her own body and correctly indicated it on an anatomically correct
drawing of a female body. Victim said Appellant touched her “privacy,” or genital or vaginal
area, with his hand in Mother’s bedroom. This incident was alleged in Count II (Count II – hand
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to genital contact in Mother’s bedroom). Victim followed up that statement with a declaration
that Appellant had already licked her vaginal area during this incident. This act was alleged in
Count III (Count III – mouth to genital contact in Mother’s bedroom). Victim also said
Appellant touched her when she was three years old and also when she was five years old.
Victim said Appellant touched and licked her “privacy” more than one time. Victim stated
Appellant touched her “privacy” also in Victim’s bedroom (Count IV- hand to genital contact in
Victim’s bedroom) while her mother was at work. Victim said Appellant did not lick her
“privacy” in Victim’s room. (No charge alleged against Appellant for mouth to genital contact
in Victim’s room). These three charges were differentiated by the act described and the location
where the act occurred. All three are different.
The verdict director for Count II (Instruction 6) required the jury to find that “on or
between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013…the defendant put his fingers in [Victim]’s genitals
while in her mother’s bedroom.”
The verdict director for Count III (Instruction 7) required the jury to find that “on or
between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013…the defendant placed his mouth on [Victim]’s
genitals while in her mother’s bedroom.”
The verdict director for Count IV (Instruction 8) required the jury to find that “on or
between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013…the defendant put his fingers in [Victim]’s genitals
while in [Victim]’s bedroom.” 1
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The full text of the verdict directors are as follows. The verdict director for Count II read as follows:
Instruction 6 (Count II)
As to Count II, if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, that on or between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013, in the City of St. Louis, State of Missouri,
[Appellant] put his fingers in [Victim’s] genitals while in her mother’s bedroom, and
Second, that such conduct constituted deviate sexual intercourse, and
Third, that at that time [Victim] was a child less than twelve years old, then you will find [Appellant] guilty
under Count II of statutory sodomy in the first degree.
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The jury was also instructed (Instruction 9) that the “defendant is charged with a separate
offense in each of the four counts submitted to you. Each count must be considered separately.
You should return a separate verdict for each count and you can return only one verdict for each
count.” The jury was also instructed: “Your verdict, whether guilty or not guilty, must be agreed
to by each juror” and “the verdict must be unanimous.”
Appellant claims this is a “multiple acts case,” as was present in Celis-Garcia, 344
S.W.3d at 155-56, which “arises when there is evidence of multiple, distinct criminal acts, each
of which could serve as the basis for a criminal charge, but the defendant is charged with those
acts in a single count.” The Missouri Supreme Court held in Celis-Garcia that a defendant’s
right to a unanimous jury verdict is violated when the verdict directors fail to separately identify
specific instances of sodomy when the evidence shows multiple and discrete acts of hand-to-
genital sodomy occurring in various rooms in the house. Id.
However, unless you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt each and all of these
propositions, you must find [Appellant] not guilty of that offense.
The verdict director for Count III read as follows:
Instruction 7 (Count III)
As to Count III, if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, that on or between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013, in the City of St. Louis, State of Missouri,
[Appellant] placed his mouth on [Victim’s] genitals while in her mother’s bedroom, and
Second, that such conduct constituted deviate sexual intercourse, and
Third, that at that time [Victim] was a child less than twelve years old, then you will find [Appellant] guilty
under Count III of statutory sodomy in the first degree.
However, unless you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt each and all of these
propositions, you must find [Appellant] not guilty of that offense.
The verdict director for Count IV read as follows:
Instruction 8 (Count IV)
As to Count IV, if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt:
First, that on or between January 1, 2013 and June 18, 2013, in the City of St. Louis, State of Missouri,
[Appellant] placed put [sic] his fingers in [Victim’s] genitals while in [Victim’s] bedroom, and
Second, that such conduct constituted deviate sexual intercourse, and
Third, that at that time [Victim] was a child less than twelve years old, then you will find [Appellant] guilty
under Count IV of statutory sodomy in the first degree.
However, unless you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt each and all of these
propositions, you must find [Appellant] not guilty of that offense.
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The same situation is not present here. The three Counts at issue, II, III and IV, are
separate and distinct and are distinguished in the three verdict directors, Instructions 6, 7 and 8.
Victim said Appellant licked her privacy in Mother’s bedroom prior to touching her privacy with
his hand. The acts described by Victim constitute the two incidents set forth in Counts II and III
and instructed upon in Instructions 6 and 7. Victim also said Appellant touched her privacy with
his hand in her own bedroom. This discrete act constitutes the third incident charged in Count
IV and instructed upon in Instruction 8. There were three distinct incidents, separated into three
different counts, distinguished by three different verdict directors. Appellant’s right to a
unanimous jury verdict on these three charges was not violated in this case. Consistent with
Celis-Garcia, “the verdict director[s] specifically describ[ed] the separate criminal acts presented
to the jury and the jury [was] instructed that it must agree unanimously that at least one of those
acts occurred.” Id. at 157.
Point III is denied.
Conclusion
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
SHERRI B. SULLIVAN, P.J.
Roy L. Richter, J., and
Colleen Dolan, J., concur.
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