IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA
pdrGRAYSON DENTAL LAB,
LLC, NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
Petitioner, DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
v. CASE NO. 1D16-1507
PROGRESSIVE DENTAL
RECONSTRUCTION, INC.,
KENNETH S. BRAIMAN, JERI
BRAIMAN, GEOFFREY
BRAIMAN, and DIL-USA, INC.,
Respondents.
___________________________/
Opinion filed November 17, 2016.
Petition for Writ of Certiorari – Original Jurisdiction.
Kenneth B. Bell, Michael Freed, and Lauren V. Purdy of Gunster, Yoakley & Stewart,
P.A., Jacksonville, for Petitioner.
Rene M. Fix, Cristine M. Russell, and Samuel J. Horovitz of Rogers Towers, P.A.,
Jacksonville, for Respondent Progressive Dental Reconstruction, Inc.
KELSEY, J.
Petitioner (Purchaser), as the 2009 purchaser of a dental laboratory business
from Respondent Progressive Dental Reconstruction, Inc. (Seller), seeks review of an
order denying its request for discovery of some of Seller’s business and financial
records in possession of Seller’s accounting firm. Seller transmitted these records to its
accounting firm for preparation of income tax returns. Purchaser argues that the
records are essential to establishing an element of its cause of action against Seller
alleging accounting and bookkeeping fraud, and that the records are not protected from
discovery under the accountant-client privilege. Although Purchaser obtained business
information from Seller before completing the acquisition, the point of the disputed
discovery is to determine whether the information Purchaser received directly from
Seller—which Purchaser claims was fraudulent—differs from the information Seller
provided to its accounting firm for tax return preparation—presumably accurate and
non-fraudulent information not available in this form from any other source.
We have certiorari jurisdiction over orders denying discovery when the
erroneous denial causes irreparable harm to the party seeking the discovery. Giacalone
v. Helen Ellis Mem’l Hosp. Found., Inc., 8 So. 3d 1232, 1234-35 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)
(“The harm in such cases is not remediable on appeal because there is no practical way
to determine after judgment how the requested discovery would have affected the
outcome of the proceedings.”); see also Office of the Attorney Gen. v. Millennium
Commc'ns & Fulfillment, Inc., 800 So. 2d 255, 257 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001) (recognizing
certiorari lies to review order denying discovery; irreparable harm existed because
“‘there would be no practical way to determine after judgment what the testimony
would be or how it would affect the result’”) (quoting Travelers Indem. Co. v. Hill,
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388 So. 2d 648, 650 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)). On the facts presented, we agree with
Purchaser and quash the trial court’s order.
Although Purchaser’s original request for documents was fairly broad, the
parties eventually deposed a representative of Seller’s accounting firm, who confirmed
that the accounting firm has in its possession approximately three boxes of documents
related to Seller’s federal income tax filings including documents for the two fiscal
years leading up to the purchase of the business, 2008 and 2009. For purposes of this
proceeding, Purchaser seeks only the documents transmitted to the accounting firm in
connection with the preparation of Seller’s 2008 and 2009 tax returns. The documents
reflected business records Seller provided to the accounting firm, including trial
balance reports, cash disbursement journals, fixed asset purchase records, bank
reconciliations, and general ledger entries. The representative of the accounting firm
testified that information in the tax records and tax returns is not privileged. Seller
presented no evidence that the boxes contain accountant-client communications or
accountant work product documents, nor that there are any accountant-work-product
notations on the documents.
The records Petitioner seeks are not privileged. See, e.g., Bd. of Trs. of Internal
Improvement Trust Fund v. Am. Educ. Enters., LLC, 99 So. 3d 450, 458 (Fla. 2012)
(holding fully discoverable in action for fraudulent inducement, party’s financial
information, including “auditor reports, balance sheets, income statements, cash flows,
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federal tax returns, budgets, and other financial reports”); Aspex Eyewear, Inc. v. Ross,
778 So. 2d 481, 481-82 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001) (noting party’s financial records are
discoverable when “the documents themselves or the status which they evidence” are
at issue).
The records Petitioner seeks did not become privileged merely because Seller
sent them, or the information they contain, to its accounting firm. “Financial records
and data which are not privileged in the hands of the client cannot be shielded from
discovery deposition or subpoena by transferring them to the client’s accountant.”
Paper Corp. of Am. v. Schneider, 563 So. 2d 1134, 1135 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)
(requiring production of accountant’s copies of client’s income tax returns, financial
statements, and records of the defendant’s assets and liabilities).
We find that Purchaser would be irreparably harmed by not obtaining the
documents it has identified in this proceeding, because they are necessary to
establishing an essential element of its cause of action for fraud. We could not remedy
the harm of non-production on plenary appeal, because we could not “determine after
judgment how the requested discovery would have affected the outcome of the
proceedings.” Giacalone, 8 So. 3d at 1234-35.
We have carefully considered Seller’s arguments and the authorities upon which
it relies, and find them to be without merit. Purchaser is entitled to the requested
documents, as the scope of the discovery request was refined through the course of
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proceedings in the trial court and before this Court. The question of whether Purchaser
is entitled to additional documents is not presently before us and therefore we do not
pass upon that question.
If it turns out, contrary to the evidence currently before us, that there are
privileged work-product materials or notations among or on the face of otherwise
discoverable documents, Seller may avail itself of the customary procedures for
asserting privilege on a document-by-document basis: redacting where possible,
obtaining in-camera review before the trial court where necessary, and promptly
producing all documents not subject to valid claims of privilege. See, e.g., In re
Hillsborough Holdings Corp., 176 B.R. 223, 235-36 (M.D. Fla. 1994) (holding under
Florida law, client documents in accountant’s possession did not become privileged
because of accountant’s notations on them, and should be produced after redacting any
privileged notations); Affiliated of Fla., Inc. v. U-Need Sundries, Inc., 397 So. 2d 764,
766 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981) (noting party’s attorneys “[c]learly . . . had a duty to disclose
any portions of their file which the attorney-client privilege did not protect”).
For the reasons stated herein, we GRANT the Petition, QUASH the trial court’s
order under review, and REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
BILBREY and M.K. THOMAS, JJ., CONCUR.
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