Case: 14-11009 Date Filed: 11/28/2016 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 14-11009
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D.C. No. 3:11-cv-00083-DHB-BKE
DONALD W. TOENNIGES,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
WARDEN,
PATRICIA BROWN,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Georgia
________________________
(November 28, 2016)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, ANDERSON, Circuit Judge, and
CHAPPELL,* District Judge.
__________
*Honorable Sheri Polster Chappell, United States District Judge for the Middle District of
Florida, sitting by designation
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PER CURIAM:
This Court appointed counsel to represent plaintiff on appeal. We have
carefully reviewed the briefs of the parties and relevant parts of the record, 1 and
have had the benefit of vigorous oral argument. For the reasons discussed fully at
oral argument and noted briefly below, we conclude that the judgment of the
district court should be affirmed. However, because we hold that the district court
should have afforded plaintiff a chance to amend his complaint with regard to
several of the defendants, we remand with instructions to give him an opportunity
to do so.
We turn first to plaintiff’s § 1983 claim against Dr. Henderson and Dr.
Ajibade, who provided medical care to plaintiff during his stay at the Johnson
Prison Facility. Dr. Henderson provided care from November 2009 to February
2010; Dr. Ajibade provided care from February 2010 to August 2010. Plaintiff
alleges against both deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. With
respect to plaintiff’s neck and back, we conclude that his allegations are too
conclusory to state a claim of deliberate indifference, much less to demonstrate a
violation of clearly established constitutional rights.
1
As urged by plaintiff, we have considered the plaintiff’s “brief in support” of his
complaint, and the attachments thereto — all filed simultaneously with plaintiff’s complaint. We
note also that defendants have also placed considerable reliance on both plaintiff’s “brief in
support” and the attachments thereto, thus waiving any objection to our consideration. Indeed,
the attachments are probably more helpful to defendants than to plaintiff.
2
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With respect to Dr. Henderson and plaintiff’s right shoulder, plaintiff argues
that Dr. Henderson failed to schedule surgery notwithstanding the recommendation
of three orthopedists. Plaintiff’s primary claim against Dr. Henderson is that he
ordered physical therapy instead of surgery that he alleges was recommended by
the third and most recent orthopedist, Dr. Martel. Dr. Martel’s report, dated
November 9, 2009, stated that plaintiff “most likely will need” surgery on the right
shoulder. However, the next sentence of the report provided: “F/U p-n basis at
this time. Continue Naproxen 325 . . . PT for ROM exercises (R) shoulder.”
Plaintiff argues that Dr. Martel intended the physical therapy to follow the surgery.
We conclude that Dr. Henderson is entitled to qualified immunity. A reasonable
doctor in Dr. Henderson’s shoes could have read Dr. Martel’s recommendation to
mean that, although surgery would most likely be needed, at that time it was
appropriate to continue the Naproxen 325, prescribe physical therapy, and see if
surgery could be avoided.
Plaintiff has made similar allegations against Dr. Ajibade, who succeeded
Dr. Henderson in caring for plaintiff’s medical needs at Johnson. Like Dr.
Henderson, Dr. Ajibade prescribed physical therapy rather than immediate surgery.
Because Dr. Ajibade, like Dr. Henderson, could reasonably have read Dr. Martel’s
report as recommending physical therapy rather than immediate surgery, and
3
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because plaintiff was refusing to take the physical therapy, we conclude that Dr.
Ajibade is also entitled to qualified immunity.
We turn now to plaintiff’s deliberate indifference claims against Dr. Ayers
and Nurse Practitioner Brown. They provided medical care for plaintiff at Calhoun
Prison from July 2008 to October 2009. The district court dismissed as improperly
joined plaintiff’s claims against Dr. Ayers and Nurse Practitioner Brown, and it did
not abuse its discretion in doing so. Plaintiff’s claims against Dr. Ayers and Nurse
Practitioner Brown go toward their decision to order an additional consultation, the
one with Dr. Martel, rather than ordering an immediate surgery. Plaintiff’s claims
against Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ajibade go toward their decision to rely on Dr.
Martel’s report and order physical therapy instead of surgery. The district court
did not abuse its discretion in finding that the claims against Dr. Ayers and Nurse
Practitioner Brown did not “arise out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series
of transactions or occurrences,” Fed.R.Civ.P. 20(a), as the claims against Dr.
Henderson and Dr. Ajibade. Moreover, even aside from the joinder issue, we
would not have concluded in any event that Dr. Ayers’ and Nurse Practitioner
Brown’s ordering a third consultation – rather than immediate surgery –
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constituted a violation of a clearly established constitutional right under the
circumstances here2
Finally, we turn to plaintiff’s claim of denial of visitation rights against
Warden Morales and Deputy Warden Jones. For several reasons, we conclude that
Morales and Jones are entitled to qualified immunity. Plaintiff’s allegations are
conclusory with respect to any direct involvement by these defendants. And there
are no factual allegations on which to base supervisory liability. Moreover, there
are insufficient non-conclusory allegations of fact to support a finding that the
mere lack of response on the part of these defendants to plaintiff’s particular
complaints about visitation rights would put a reasonable official in the shoes of
these defendants on notice that they were violating plaintiff’s clearly established
constitutional rights. Plaintiff’s particular complaints fall far short of any binding
case law cited by plaintiff, and we cannot conclude that there is anything close to
2
Plaintiff also alleges deliberate indifference as to all four medical defendants because
they declined to order an MRI on plaintiff’s left shoulder. We conclude that plaintiff’s claim
with respect to his left shoulder is wholly without merit. His allegations with respect to the left
shoulder are conclusory. Even more significant, his claim is based on the following isolated note
in Dr. Baggett’s report: “(L shoulder MRI).” In other words, Dr. Baggett’s report includes only
this ambiguous parenthetical notation about the left shoulder in a report focused entirely on the
right shoulder. A reasonable doctor in the shoes of these medical defendants could reasonably
construe Dr. Baggett’s report as not making a recommendation that an MRI was absolutely
necessary on the left shoulder, but rather as responding to plaintiff’s complaints about that
shoulder, such that the x-ray of the left shoulder, which was ordered, would be appropriate. We
note that, although plaintiff asserts that the x-ray showed problems, his allegations in this regard
are wholly conclusory.
5
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obvious clarity that the actions of these defendants violated plaintiff’s
constitutional rights. 3
However, with respect to the deliberate indifference claims against Dr.
Henderson and Dr. Ajibade, and with respect to the visitation claims against
Warden Morales and Deputy Warden Jones, we conclude that in light of our policy
of construing pro se complaints liberally, see Powell v. Lennon, 914 F.2d 1459,
1463 (11th Cir. 1990), and our policy of “liberally permitting amendments to
facilitate determination of claims on the merits,” Shipner v. E. Air Lines, Inc., 868
F.2d 401, 407 (11th Cir. 1989), the district court should afford plaintiff an
opportunity to amend his complaint in an effort to allege non-conclusory facts
which might constitute deliberate indifference with respect to the two medical
defendants, 4 and which might constitute an arbitrary restriction by Morales and
Jones of plaintiff’s visitation rights in violation of the First and Eighth
Amendments. With respect to these claims, we cannot conclude that this record
clearly demonstrates that plaintiff cannot plausibly plead facts which would
3
Plaintiff’s primary claim is that Morales and Jones violated the prison’s standard
operating procedure with respect to visitation rights. However, a mere violation of a state rule or
law does not constitute a constitutional violation.
4
This right to amend applies to plaintiff’s deliberate indifference claim with respect to
his right shoulder on which the briefs primarily focused, but also even to plaintiff’s claims with
respect to his left shoulder and neck and back. We cannot absolutely preclude the possibility that
there may be non-conclusory facts which plaintiff’s pro se status in the district court led him to
omit, but which can be pled consistent with Fed.R.Civ.P. 11.
6
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constitute such violations. On the other hand, we do conclude that any such re-
pleading with respect to Dr. Ayers and Nurse Practitioner Brown would be futile.
We so hold because we cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion
in severing Dr. Ayers and Nurse Practitioner Brown and then concluding that they
should be dismissed for improper venue. We cannot perceive how plaintiff could
plead around these deficiencies.5
Accordingly, 6 the judgment of the district court is affirmed with respect to
Dr. Ayers and Nurse Practitioner Brown. With respect to Dr. Henderson, Dr.
Ajibade, Warden Morales and Deputy Warden Jones, the judgment of the district
court is affirmed, but the case is remanded to the district court with instructions to
permit plaintiff an opportunity to amend.
AFFIRMED and REMANDED with INSTRUCTIONS.
5
In light of our rulings with regard to Dr. Ayers and Nurse Practitioner Brown, we need
not address the argument that plaintiff’s claims against them are barred by the statute of
limitations.
6
Any other arguments by plaintiff on appeal are either moot in light of our rulings or
without merit and warrant no further discussion.
7