till UL\y i c
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 73643-4-1
Respondent,
v.
PAVID JAMES EIMER, UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant. FILED: December 12, 2016
Verellen, C.J. — David Eimer appeals his conviction for second degree rape.
hlie contends the trial court violated his right to due process by denying his requests for
discovery of the victim's mental health and substance abuse treatment records or for in
Camera review. But Eimer failed to make a concrete connection between his theory of
the case and the potential evidence he hoped to find in the victim's records. Eimer also
contends the court erred in limiting cross-examination of the victim about her mental
health disorders in order to establish her bad memory. The court allowed Eimer to
cross-examine the victim on her bad memory, anxiety, and drug use. But in the
absence of any established basis for Eimer's proposition that the victim's disorders
^ffect a person's ability to form and recall memories, the court reasonably found the
Ijkelihood of unfair prejudice to the victim from such testimony outweighed any minimal
relevance.
No. 73643-4-1/2
Finally, Eimer contends the admission of his jail telephone call recordings
violated his right to privacy under article I, section 7 of the Washington State
Constitution and should have been suppressed. But Eimer had no reasonable
expectation of privacy under these facts, and the communications were therefore not
private affairs" deserving article I, section 7 protection. Therefore, we affirm.
FACTS
After investigating an unrelated matter at the Great Bear Motel on the evening of
April 23, 2013, Tukwila Police Officer Michael Richardson noticed A.P., a 23-year-old
\jvoman, walking through the parking lot crying. Officer Richardson asked A.P. if
"everything was okay."1 A.P. told him that she left her phone in room 206 at the motel.
Officer Richardson noticed David Eimer and Nathan Everybodytalksabout walking
nearby and asked A.P. if they also had been in room 206. A.P. responded affirmatively
?s she crouched down and continued to cry.
A.P. was distraught because of events that transpired after meeting Eimer and
Everybodytalksabout earlier that day. A.P., who was homeless and addicted to heroin,
had been sitting outside of a library in Kent, visibly upset. It was the eve of her 21st
birthday and she felt lonely. Eimer noticed her and the two began to talk.
During their conversation, A.P. called her mother to ask if she could come home,
but her mother refused. A.P. told Eimer that she wanted to find some money to rent a
hotel room and get some sleep. As the two continued to talk, a group of Eimer's
friends, including Everybodytalksabout, arrived and stated they were headed to a party
in Tukwila. A.P. told the men her birthday was the next day, and they invited her to join
1 RP(Apr. 1,2015) at 655.
No. 73643-4-1/3
tnem to celebrate. A.P. agreed, and the group boarded a bus to Tukwila. After buying
beer, the group rented room 206 at the Great Bear Motel and began drinking.
Eventually, one of the men left and returned with a bottle of vodka. The men prepared a
rfiixed vodka and juice drink for A.P. and encouraged her to consume it.
Afterward, Everybodytalksabout told A.P. to undress. A.P. refused, but
Everybodytalksabout persisted. A.P. felt trapped in the motel room and ultimately
undressed. Everybodytalksabout then told A.P. to perform oral sex on Eimer. A.P. again
refused, but felt compelled to comply with Everybodytalksabout's demands and kneeled
d>n the ground. Eimer grabbed A.P. by her hair and forced his genitals into her mouth,
causing her to gag. The other men watched. A.P. told the men she did not want to
Continue. She asked where her phone was, but the men told her not to worry about it.
Eimer then grabbed A.P. by the shoulders and pushed her onto the bed. He tried
to kiss A.P., who was now crying. When A.P. heard a knock on the motel room's door,
sihe tried to stand up, but Everybodytalksabout told her to sit down and called her a
"stupid bitch."2 Everybodytalksabout grabbed the bottle of vodka and told A.P. to "put
your legs up."3 He spread A.P.'s legs apart and, ignoring her pleas to stop, inserted the
itieck of the open vodka bottle into her genitals. Eimer continued to try to kiss A.P. and
play with her hair, as Everybodytalksabout repeatedly penetrated her with the bottle.
Finally, Everybodytalksabout stopped and A.P. tried to convince the men to let
her leave, promising she would not tell anyone what happened. When one of the men
Eventually opened the motel room's door, A.P. fled, leaving her phone behind. Once
2RP(Apr. 15, 2015) at 1385.
3 Id.
No. 73643-4-1/4
cj)utside, A.P. noticed several police cars in the parking lot, and it was there that Officer
Richardson approached her.
The police detained Eimer and Everybodytalksabout and searched room 206.
hey found A.P.'s phone and an empty vodka bottle inside the room. At the scene, A.P.
tbld Officer Leslie Shuck, "[Tjhey're going to kill me. They're going to find me, and they
^re going to kill me."4 When Officer Shuck asked A.P. why she feared they would kill
fjier, A.P. responded that Eimer told her "notto tell anyone, or else."5
An ambulance transported A.P. to the hospital, where a sexual assault nurse
Examined her. The nurse noticed bruises on A.P.'s shoulders, leg, and knee, as well as
redness in her genital area.
The Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory analyzed the vodka bottle. DNA6
recovered from the mouth of the bottle matched A.P.'s profile. The laboratory also
recovered a DNA mixture on the outside of the bottle that included both A.P.'s profile
^nd a male's, but the trace male DNA was too limited to match.
The State charged Eimer and Everybodytalksabout by amended information with
ci>ne count of second degree rape and one count of indecent liberties by forcible
compulsion.7 A jury convicted Eimer as charged. The trial court vacated the count of
ihdecent liberties to prevent a violation of double jeopardy principles and imposed a
Standard range indeterminate sentence of 119 months to life.
4RP(Apr. 2, 2015) at 828.
5ld
6 Deoxyribonucleic acid.
7 Everybodytalksabout resolved his case by guilty plea before Eimer's trial. See
Respondent's Br. at 2 n.1.
No. 73643-4-1/5
Eimer appeals.
ANALYSIS
Discovery Requests and In Camera Review
Eimer argues the trial court violated his due process rights by denying his
rhotions for discovery of A.P.'s mental health and substance abuse treatment records or
for in camera review. He argues due process required the court to examine the
requested records to determine if they contained potentially exculpatory information.8
Before trial, Eimer moved for an order compelling the production of A.P.'s mental
health and substance abuse treatment records and for in camera review. Eimer argued
he had "reason to believe" A.P.'s allegations "may have been affected by mental health
eind/or substance abuse issues" because her "allegations came suddenly and without
yvarning after she had willingly accompanied the defendants to the motel room in
(jiuestion for purposes of partying."9
As to A.P.'s mental health treatment records, Eimer based his motion on the
presumption that A.P. "likely had some type of mental health issue(s)" because she was
in tears during her encounter with the defendants, she was still distraught after gaining
the protection of the police, she reported to hospital staff that she had "no" and/or
unknown" mental health history,10 and she refused to answer a question during a
8 See Pennsylvania v. Richie, 480 U.S. 39, 57, 107 S. Ct. 989, 94 L. Ed. 2d 40
{1987).
9 Clerk's Papers (CP) at 8.
10 It appears A.P. or a member of the hospital's staff filled out a hospital intake
fp-rm the night of the incident stating A.P. had "no" mental health history. It also appears
another intake form was filled out that night, stating A.P. had "unknown" mental health
fiistory. The record indicates that the State provided Eimer with copies of these medical
No. 73643-4-1/6
pretrial defense interview as to whether she had a history of mental health problems.11
King County Superior Court Judge Suzanne Parisien found these instances were
insufficient to justify infringing on A.P.'s privacy interest in her mental health records.
As to the substance abuse treatment records, Eimer cited to A.P.'s explanation
that she successfully undertook such treatment in the weeks after the charged incident.
His motion was grounded in the assertion that he needed "to know if [A.P.] is correct in
asserting that as of May 2013, she no longer has a substance abuse problem" and if
s;he accurately characterized her substance abuse history.12 Judge Parisien denied
Earner's motion for A.P.'s substance abuse records beyond those already contained in
rjier hospital records from the date of the incident.
Before trial, Eimer moved to "relitigate" Judge Parisien's rulings before Judge
(fcayce on the basis of "new information."13 This "new information"14 was a single
instance in a recorded interview with a police detective during which A.P. attributed her
inability to remember the specific color of the mixed drink she consumed inside the
records during discovery, but that Eimer did not seek to admit either of the records in
Support of his motions. See RP (Sept. 20, 2013) at 5.
11CPat8.
12 CP at 10.
13 See RP (Mar. 23, 2015) at 130 ("But, now recognizing that it exists, I feel
Compelled to reurge the motion on the basis that that comment was made by her.").
See also Appellant's Br. at 14 n.1 ("Counsel for Mr. Eimer was simply asking for re
consideration of an earlier pre-trial ruling in the same case.").
14 The defense acknowledged it possessed this information at the time of its
initial motion, yet asserted "it was not recognized by the defense at that time."
RP (Mar. 23, 2015) at 130.
No. 73643-4-1/7
motel room to "borderline personality disorder and anxiety and [posttraumatic stress
disorder] and some of my drug use"15 affecting her memory.
Judge Cayce held a hearing on the motion. Focusing on A.P.'s "emotional state"
upon first encountering Eimer and later, the police, Eimer argued A.P.'s records were
relevant because "an explanation for [A.P.j's emotional state may well be related to her
mental health history, as opposed to being raped, and we would want to be able to, if
there's evidence that supports thatposition, make use of it"™ Judge Cayce wanted
some authority for Eimer's proposition that borderline personality disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder affect a person's ability to form and recall memories.
EEimer declined to present any such sources, stating, "Well, at this point I can only say
she attributed her bad memory at least in part to that."17 Judge Cayce denied the
motion.
We review a decision whether to conduct an in camera review of privileged18
rfecords for an abuse of discretion.19 Before a court infringes on a rape victim's privacy
interest in her privileged records, "the defendant must make a particularized showing
that such records are likely to contain material relevant to the defense."20 Evidence is
15 Defense Pretrial Ex. 8 at 30.
16 RP (Mar. 23, 2015) at 131 (emphasis added).
17 id at 128.
18 Mental health care records are deemed to be protected from general rules of
discovery and admission at trial pursuant to RCW 5.60.060(9), RCW 18.225.105, and
RCW 18.83.110. Records of an individual's treatment for drug addiction are, like mental
fiealth records, afforded heightened protection from discovery. See RCW 70.96A.150.
19 State v. Kalakoskv. 121 Wn.2d 525, 547-50, 852 P.2d 1064 (1993).
20 Id. at 550.
No. 73643-4-1/8
material only if there is a reasonable probability that it would impact the trial's
outcome.21
In State v. Kalakosky, the court denied a defendant's request for discovery or in
ckamera review of the victim's counseling notes.22 The defense request stated only that
the "notes may contain details which may exculpate the accused or otherwise be helpful
to the defense."23 The trial court questioned whether the defense's request was "simply
a fishing expedition."24 In the absence of a particularized showing that the records likely
contained material relevant to the defense, the court refused to invade the victim's
privacy by ordering either disclosure or in camera review of her counseling records.25
Similarly, in State v. Diemel, the defendant requested in camera review of the
rjape victim's counseling records, arguing that she may have told her counselor
nformation about the encounter that he could use for impeachment.26 This court found
that the defendant failed to make the "particularized factual showing" required to meet
the Kalakosky threshold.27 As the court stated in Diemel, merely making a "claim that
privileged files might lead to other evidence or may contain information critical to the
defense is not sufficient to compel a court to make an in camera inspection."28
21 State v. Gregory. 158 Wn.2d 759, 791, 147 P.3d 1201 (2006).
22 121 Wn.2d 525, 529-30, 852 P.2d 1064 (1993)
23 Id, at 544.
24 \± at 550.
25 kL at 549-50.
26 81 Wn. App. 464, 466, 914 P.2d 779 (1996).
27 jd, at 468-69.
28 \± at 469.
8
No. 73643-4-1/9
Eimer attempts to distinguish these cases on the basis that a defendant has
greater need of privileged records when a case turns on the credibility of the witness.
o this end, he cites State v. Gregory, where our Supreme Court reversed the trial
Court's denial of an in camera review.29 In Gregory, the defendant alleged that he and
the victim had consensual sex for money.30 The victim, who had a prior conviction for
prostitution, was involved in an ongoing dependency proceeding.31 The defendant
moved for in camera review of the dependency records because they might show
relevant prostitution activities of the victim.32 Key to the court's holding, the defendant
made a "concrete connection between his theory of the case and what he expected to
f|nd in the dependency files."33
Unlike Gregory, where the victim's history provided a plausible basis for the
Assertion that she consented to have sex for pay, Eimer provided no established basis
for his assertion that the mental health or substance abuse treatment records might
impeach A.P.'s allegations of sexual assault. The record contains no particularized
showing that the victim's disorders affect a person's ability to form and recall memories.
Further, the record contains no showing that Eimer had reason to doubt A.P.'s post-
incident substance abuse treatment success or her acknowledgement of long term
abuse of drugs before that time. Without such showings, it was not reasonable to
29 158 Wn.2d 759, 794-95, 147 P.3d 1201 (2006).
30 \± at 779.
31 Id at 779-80.
32 id at 794-95.
33 Id. at795n.15.
No. 73643-4-1/10
believe that A.P.'s mental health or substance abuse treatment records would contain
material evidence.
We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in requiring some showing
6f a connection between borderline personality disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder
smd a person's memory, or between substance abuse treatment and a person's
rpemory, to warrant in camera review of A.P.'s privileged treatment records.
Cross-Examination
Eimer also contends the trial court erred in limiting cross-examination of A.P.
4bout her mental health disorders. We disagree.
Decisions regarding the scope of cross-examination are normally left to the
s^ound discretion of the trial court.34 "A trial court abuses its discretion when its decision
i£ unreasonable or based on untenable grounds."35
Eimer sought permission to cross-examine A.P. about her recorded statement to
k police detective that her "borderline personality disorder and anxiety and PTSD and
siome of my drug use" affected her memory.36 The court allowed Eimer to cross-
eixamine A.P. on her bad memory, anxiety, and drug use. But before allowing questions
regarding any mental disorders, the court wanted authority for Eimer's proposition that
borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder affect a person's ability
to form and recall memories.
34 Falkv. KeeneCorp.. 53 Wn. App. 238, 247, 767 P.2d 576 (1989).
35 id
36 Defense Pretrial Ex. 8 at 30.
10
No. 73643-4-1/11
We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion. Eimer failed to provide
the court with any information suggesting that borderline personality disorder or
posttraumatic stress disorder has any effect on a person's memory. Further, the trial
court did not preclude Eimer from inquiring into A.P.'s bad memory, and A.P. even
aomitted to her bad memory.37
Jail Phone Call Recordings
Eimer argues that the admission of his jail telephone call recordings violated his
right to privacy under article I, section 7 of the Washington State Constitution. Because
Epimer had no reasonable expectation of privacy, his argument fails.
Article I, section 7 of the state constitution provides that "[n]o person shall be
disturbed in his private affairs .. . without authority of law." To determine ifa certain
interest is a private affair, "'a central consideration is the nature of the information
siought—that is, whether the information obtained . . . reveals intimate or discrete details
cj>f a person's life.'"38
In State v. Archie, this court held that this privacy interest does not protect
agreed to recordings or to the dissemination of a jail inmate's calls."39 In State v. Hag,
this court explained that "the holding in Archie was based on the defendant's limited
privacy rights as a detainee, combined with warnings of possible recording."40
37 RP (Apr. 15, 2015) at 1475 ("Sometimes, you know, like I don't remember very
rhuch and then I do remember some stuff. It comes up, like that's just how it goes.");
ftP (Apr. 16, 2015) at 1513 ("my memory isn't perfect").
38 State v. Hag. 166 Wn. App. 221, 256-57, 268 P.3d 997 (2012) (alterations in
Original) (guoting State v. Jorden, 160Wn.2d 121, 126, 156 P.3d 893 (2007)).
39 148 Wn. App. 198, 257, 199 P.3d 1005 (2009).
40166 Wn. App. 221, 257-58, 268 P.3d 997 (citing id at 203-05).
11
No. 73643-4-1/12
In Archie and Hag, signs posted near the telephones warned the inmates that the
dalls would be recorded, and a recorded message at the beginning of the phone calls
provided a similar warning.41 In those cases, the trial court's admission of jail telephone
qiall recordings did not violate the defendants' privacy rights.
Similarly, Eimer was a detainee at the King County jail. Before he placed a call,
4 recorded message informed him that the call was "subject to monitoring and
recording."42 Eimer had to "press one to accept this policy or press two to refuse and
rjiang up."43 When the recipient answered the phone, a recorded message stated,
Hello this is a prepaid debit call from . .. David[,] an inmate at the King
County Detention Facility. To accept this call press zero. To refuse this
call hang up. . . . This call is from a correctional facility and is subject to
monitoring and recording. After the beep press one to accept this policy
or press two to refuse and hang up.[44]
Consequently, admitting the telephone recordings into evidence did not violate Eimer's
privacy right.
Statement of Additional Grounds
Eimer raises 14 issues in his pro se statement of additional grounds under
fkAP 10.10. He repeats verbatim the issues already raised in his motion for arrest of
judgment and/or for a new trial.45 The State filed a response to Eimer's motion below.
he trial court agreed with the State's analysis and denied Eimer's motion.46
41 Archie. 148 Wn. App. at 201; Flag, 166 Wn. App. at 258.
42 Exhibit 12 at 1.
43 id at 2.
44 id
45 See CP at 353-61.
46 RP (June 23, 2015) at 3 ("The motion for arrest of judgment and or a new trial
is denied. I agree . . . with the State's analysis of that.").
12
No. 73643-4-1/13
This court limits its review of issues raised in a statement of additional grounds to
issues that inform the court of the nature and occurrence of the alleged errors.47 Eimer
fails to address the standard of review for the trial court's denial of his motion. He also
fails to explain why the trial court's decision is incorrect, or to provide any new basis for
his claims on appeal.
Accordingly, we affirm.
WE CONCUR:
Iff c/Kc y cA&g-g,
47 State v. Calvin. 176 Wn. App. 1, 26, 316 P.3d 496 (2013).
13