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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: K.E.S. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: A.O., MOTHER : No. 826 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Decree, May 12, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County
Orphans’ Court Division at No. O.A. No. 14-2015
IN RE: O.R.S. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: A.O., MOTHER : No. 827 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Decree Entered May 12, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County
Orphans’ Court Division at No. O.A. No. 15-2015
IN RE: K.S., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: A.O., MOTHER : No. 851 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Order Entered May 11, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County
Domestic Relations Division at No. CP-10-DP-0000118-2008
IN RE: O.R.S., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: A.O., MOTHER : No. 852 WDA 2016
J. S83015/16
Appeal from the Order Entered May 11, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County
Domestic Relations Division at No. CP-10-DP-0000117-2008
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., SHOGAN AND STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 16, 2016
A.O. (“Mother”) appeals from the decrees dated May 10, 2016, and
entered May 12, 2016, in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County,
granting the petitions of Butler County Children and Youth Services
(“BCCYS”) and involuntarily terminating her parental rights to her dependent
children, son, K.E.S., born in April of 2005, and daughter, O.R.S., born in
November of 2003 (collectively, “Children”), pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b).1 Mother further appeals the orders
dated May 10, 2016, and entered May 11, 2016, changing Children’s
permanency goal to adoption pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351. After
review, we affirm.
Children were taken into custody and placed in foster care on
January 29, 2014, after Mother was arrested on drug-related charges the
day prior and Father admitted to BCCYS that he used heroin the day prior
and to using and selling from the home, where Children resided. In
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
By the same decrees, the trial court additionally involuntarily terminated
the parental rights of Children’s father, Ku.E.S. (“Father”). Father has not
filed an appeal and is not a party to the instant appeal.
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addition, there was a family history with BCCYS; and Mother’s 17-year-old
daughter, who also resided in the home,2 overdosed one to two weeks
previous. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 47-51, 59-60.) Children’s
detention was upheld at a hearing the following day, January 30, 2014.
(Notice of detention and hearing, 1/30/14.)
Thereafter, Children were adjudicated dependent on February 6, 2014.
Critically, at the adjudication hearing, Mother admitted the following:
That on January 28, 2014 she was arrested on
drug-related charges and placed in the Butler County
Jail. She remains incarcerated and unable to care
for her children; that her older child, age 17, also
overdosed on heroin and that she has a history with
Butler County Children and Youth.
Id. at 59-60. Further, Father admitted “[t]hat on January 28, 2014, he used
heroin, admitted same to Caseworker Loverick, and he also has a history
with Butler County Children and Youth.” (Id. at 60.) The trial court held a
disposition hearing on February 26, 2014; and on February 28, 2014,
Children were placed in their current pre-adoptive home. (Id. at 143, 154,
158.)
On April 17, 2015 , BCCYS filed petitions to involuntarily terminate
parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b),
and on April 4, 2016, to change Children’s permanency goal to adoption
pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351. The court then conducted combined
2
Father is not the biological and/or legal father of this child. (Notes of
testimony, 4/11/16 at 51.)
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termination and goal change hearings on April 5, 2016, and April 11, 2016.
In support thereof, BCCYS presented the testimony of the following
witnesses: Janice Knapp, Ph.D., licensed psychologist, who conducted a
bonding assessment with regard to Children, Mother, and Father, and
pre-adoptive resource parents;3 Brian Emerson Dick, Program Manager of
Outpatient Services, Family Pathways; Cindy Ann Webreck, addictions
counselor; Ellen O’Brien Geiser Outpatient Treatment Center;
Jonibeth Loverick, CYS caseworker; Mary Lou Klemencic, Gateway Rehab;
Lyndsay Marie Burrik, Clinical Director, The Care Center; Jessica Dickey,
Totin Family Services; Michelle Matthews, Totin Family Services;
Duncan Robb, case manager and/or facilitator, Family Pathways; and
Laura Gellner, CYS caseworker. Mother and Father each testified on their
own behalf. Mother additionally presented the testimony of Y.O., Children’s
older half-sister; and S.O., Children’s maternal grandmother.
On May 11, 2016 and May 12, 2016, the trial court entered orders
changing the permanency goal to adoption and decrees involuntarily
terminating Mother’s parental rights to Children, respectively. Thereafter,
on June 8, 2016, Mother, through appointed counsel, filed timely notices of
appeal, along with concise statements of errors complained of on appeal
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b), which this court consolidated
sua sponte on June 29, 2016.
3
Dr. Knapp’s report, dated November 22, 2015, was marked as Exhibit 2.
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On appeal, Mother raises the following issues for our review:
1. Did the Orphans’ Court commit an error of law
when it determined that the [BCCYS] proved
by clear and convincing evidence all the
elements of [23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1)], thus
justifying the termination of the Appellant’s
parental rights?
2. Did the Orphans’ Court commit an error of law
when it determined that the [BCCYS] proved
by clear and convincing evidence all the
elements of [23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2)], thus
justifying the termination of the Appellant’s
parental rights?
3. Did the Orphans’ Court commit an error of law
when it determined that the [BCCYS] proved
by clear and convincing evidence all the
elements of [23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(5)], thus
justifying the termination of the Appellant’s
parental rights?
4. Did the Orphans’ Court commit an error of law
when it determined that the [BCCYS] proved
by clear and convincing evidence all the
elements of [23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8)], thus
justifying the termination of the Appellant’s
parental rights?
5. Did the Orphan’s Court commit an error of law
when it determined that [] there was sufficient
evidence to support a finding that the
termination of parental rights served the best
interest and welfare of the child pursuant to
[23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b)]?
6. Did the Juvenile Court commit an error of law
when it approved the Change of Goal from
reunification to adoption for K.E.S. and O.R.S.
as recommended by [BCCYS]?
Mother’s brief at 9-10.
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In matters involving involuntary termination of parental rights, our
standard of review is as follows:
The standard of review in termination of parental
rights cases requires appellate courts “to accept the
findings of fact and credibility determinations of the
trial court if they are supported by the record.”
In re Adoption of S.P., [] 47 A.3d 817, 826 (Pa.
2012). “If the factual findings are supported,
appellate courts review to determine if the trial court
made an error of law or abused its discretion.” Id.
“[A] decision may be reversed for an abuse of
discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or
ill-will.” Id. The trial court’s decision, however,
should not be reversed merely because the record
would support a different result. Id. at 827. We
have previously emphasized our deference to trial
courts that often have first-hand observations of the
parties spanning multiple hearings. See In re
R.J.T., 9 A.3d [1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010)].
In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013). “The trial court is free to
believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented and is likewise free to
make all credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.”
In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa.Super. 2004) (citation omitted). “[I]f
competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we will affirm even if
the record could also support the opposite result.” In re Adoption of
T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa.Super. 2003) (citation omitted).
The termination of parental rights is guided by Section 2511 of the
Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated
analysis of the grounds for termination followed by the needs and welfare of
the child.
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Our case law has made clear that under
Section 2511, the court must engage in a bifurcated
process prior to terminating parental rights. Initially,
the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
seeking termination must prove by clear and
convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct
satisfies the statutory grounds for termination
delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court
determines that the parent’s conduct warrants
termination of his or her parental rights does the
court engage in the second part of the analysis
pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the
needs and welfare of the child under the standard of
best interests of the child. One major aspect of the
needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and
status of the emotional bond between parent and
child, with close attention paid to the effect on the
child of permanently severing any such bond.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa.Super. 2007) (citations omitted). We
have defined clear and convincing evidence as that which is so “clear, direct,
weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.”
In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197, 1201 (Pa.Super. 2000) (en banc), quoting
Matter of Adoption of Charles E.D.M. II, 708 A.2d 88, 91 (Pa. 1998).
In this case, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8), as well as (b). We
have long held that, in order to affirm a termination of parental rights, we
need only agree with the trial court as to any one subsection of
Section 2511(a), as well as Section 2511(b). In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380,
384 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en banc). Here, we analyze the court’s decision to
terminate under Sections 2511(a)(8) and (b), which provide as follows:
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§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination
(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in
regard to a child may be terminated after a
petition filed on any of the following grounds:
....
(8) The child has been removed from
the care of the parent by the court
or under a voluntary agreement
with an agency, 12 months or
more have elapsed from the date
of removal or placement, the
conditions which led to the removal
or placement of the child continue
to exist and termination of parental
rights would best serve the needs
and welfare of the child.
(b) Other considerations.--The court in
terminating the rights of a parent shall give
primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of
the child. The rights of a parent shall not be
terminated solely on the basis of
environmental factors such as inadequate
housing, furnishings, income, clothing and
medical care if found to be beyond the control
of the parent. With respect to any petition
filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8),
the court shall not consider any efforts by the
parent to remedy the conditions described
therein which are first initiated subsequent to
the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8), (b).
We first address whether the trial court abused its discretion by
terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8).
In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8), the following factors
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must be demonstrated: (1) The child has been
removed from parental care for 12 months or more
from the date of removal; (2) the conditions which
led to the removal or placement of the child continue
to exist; and (3) termination of parental rights would
best serve the needs and welfare of the child.
In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1275-1276 (Pa.Super. 2003).
“Notably, termination under Section 2511(a)(8)[] does not require an
evaluation of [a parent’s] willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that
led to placement of her children.” In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502,
511 (Pa.Super. 2006) (citations omitted) (emphasis in original).4
Instantly, the trial court found that Children have been removed from
Mother’s care for a period exceeding 12 months and Mother has not
remedied the conditions that brought Children into care. (Trial court
opinion, 8/16/16 at 9.) Likewise, the court reasoned that it would be in
Children’s best interests to terminate Mother’s parental rights, given her
inability, along with Father, to provide for Children’s safety and stability.
(Id. at 10.) In finding that BCCYS established grounds for termination of
Mother’s parental rights under Section 2511(a)(8), the court concluded:
4
We observe that Sections 2511(a)(8) and (b) both require a court
considering a termination petition to assess the needs and welfare of the
relevant child or children. However, the needs and welfare analysis required
by Section 2511(a)(8) is distinct from the needs and welfare analysis
required by Section 2511(b), and must be addressed separately. See In re
C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999, 1009 (Pa.Super. 2008) (en banc) (“[W]hile both
Section 2511(a)(8) and Section 2511(b) direct us to evaluate the ‘needs and
welfare of the child,’ . . . they are distinct in that we must address
Section 2511(a) before reaching Section 2511(b).”)
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The credible and undisputed facts indicate by
clear and convincing evidence that the children have
been removed from the care of the parents by the
Court and that 12 months or more have elapsed
from the date of removal or placement, the
conditions which led to the removal or placement of
the children continue to exist and termination of
parental rights would best serve the needs and
welfare of the child. The children have been in
placement for twenty-one months. Children were
detained due to drug use by both parents and their
inability to care for their children and their special
needs. . . . Mother completed some drug and
alcohol treatment and mental health treatment while
in prison. Since her release from prison, Mother has
not consistently attended treatment for drug and
alcohol or mental health and has had two relapses
since November 2015. Mother and Father continue
to struggle with the same issues of drug and alcohol
and mental health that predicated the removal of the
children from their home.
Mother and Father cannot provide safe, stable,
or long-term care for Children. They are not
involved in mental health counseling, they have
histories of drug abuse, recent positive drug screens,
and no strong social support group. These children
require a high degree of structure, which Mother and
Father are not able to provide as they are not even
aware that they are not so providing. There is a high
risk of return to protective care if Children are
returned home to their Mother and Father. They
have been at the [resource family] home for twenty-
one months in a very structured environment. Since
their placement, there has been a dramatic
improvement of Children at home and school.
Therefore, [BCCYS] has proven by clear and
convincing evidence that the statutory grounds of
§ 2511(a)(8) have been met, and the Court turns to
a review of whether terminating Father[’s] and
Mother’s parental rights would meet the needs and
welfare of Child[ren].
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Children have a bond with Mother and Father,
especially their Mother. The children also have a
close bond with the resource family. However,
Children do not feel safe in their parent’s care and
Mother and Father are unable to provide Children
with the high level of structure they require. Their
behavior has improved dramatically since they have
been with [their resource family], and Children are
close with their foster parents and their foster
siblings. The children have expressed that they love
their [M]other, but would also be happy to be
adopted by [their resource family]. The evidence
would support that there would be some emotional
harm to Children in terminating the bond, however,
the benefits of permanency and stability through the
adoption by the resource family outweighs any harm.
The Court has given primary consideration to
the developmental, physical, and emotional needs
and welfare of Children and determines that the
needs and welfare of Children are best met by the
termination of Father[’s] and Mother’s parental rights
and subsequent adoption by the resource family. As
such, it is in Children’s best interest that Father and
Mother’s parental rights are terminated to allow for
adoption by the [resource family].
Trial court opinion, 8/16/16 at 9-10.
Mother, however, argues that the conditions that led to the removal of
Children from her care no longer exist. (Mother’s brief at 24.) Mother avers
that she completed that which was required of her during her incarceration
and after her release. (Id. at 24-25.) She states that she “has clearly
resolved the issues that led to the detention of the children as she is no
longer incarcerated, has maintained her anxiety medication and remains in
drug and alcohol treatment. There was no evidence to establish that the
conditions that led to the children’s detention still exist.” (Id. at 26.)
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Moreover, Mother contends that termination of her parental rights
would not best serve Children’s needs and welfare. (Id.) Mother references
that, while it was reported that Children expressed safety concerns as to
Mother and Father, no concerns were actually related to Mother. 5 (Id. at
26-27.) Similarly, Mother maintains that no evidence was presented to
corroborate a lack of structure in her home. (Id. at 27.) We disagree.
Upon review, the record supports the trial court’s termination of
Mother’s parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(8). The record
substantiates that Children have been removed from parental care for a
period exceeding 12 months and that the reasons for removal persisted.
Children were removed from Mother and Father’s care on January 29, 2014,
a period of over two years at the time of the hearing, due to drug-related
issues. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 47-51.) Although Mother
completed drug and alcohol treatment while incarcerated, Mother had not
completed either drug and alcohol or mental health treatment subsequent to
her release from incarceration in July 2015. (Id. at 142, 148-149, 162-163,
198-199.) Mother had not completed and was not enrolled in mental health
treatment, having been discharged in December 2015 for attendance
5
Children conveyed concerns related to lack of structure, yelling and
cursing, smoking, scary movies, and Father’s drinking. (Exhibit 2 at 25;
notes of testimony, 4/5/16 at 50, 87.)
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issues.6 (Id. at 19-20, 29-30, 149.) However, while Mother completed a
drug and alcohol evaluation and was enrolled in an outpatient drug relapse
prevention program, Mother had been placed on medical leave; and
although scheduled to return to group and individual sessions in the weeks
prior to hearing, Mother failed to appear and/or cancelled these sessions. 7
(Id. at 43, 148-149, 164-165, 200-201.) Significantly, Mother’s counselor,
Cindy Webreck, testified to Mother’s “struggle with attendance and
minimization and denial.” (Id. at 40.) Further, Ms. Webreck noted that the
fact that Mother had undergone a recent surgery created a “significant risk”
to her recovery and was unable to provide a prognosis. (Id.) In addition,
not only did Mother admit to a drink of alcohol in the beginning of November
2015 and test positive for opiates on two occasions, once in November 2015,
and then again in January 2016,8 Mother missed several drug screens during
this time period. (Id. at 41, 106-109.) Moreover, aside from two screens
conducted by her drug relapse prevention program, which were negative,
6
As Mother had been prescribed medication for anxiety while incarcerated, it
was recommended that she seek mental health treatment for medication
management. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 148-149.) In spite of
Mother’s dismissal of the necessity for therapy, Family Pathways required
therapy sessions as a part of their program. Moreover, Mother was not
discharged without consultation with BCCYS. (Id. at 20, 25-26, 29-30.)
7
At the time of hearing, Mother was scheduled to return later that week.
(Id. at 43, 201.)
8
Mother admitted to taking pain medication that had been prescribed prior
to her incarceration. (Id. at 205-206.)
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Mother presented for only one other drug screen in the beginning of March
2016.9 (Id. at 41, 43, 110.) Mother again tested positive due to medication
from a recent surgery. (Id. at 150.)
Likewise, the record supports the trial court’s finding that terminating
Mother’s parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of Children.
Critically, despite a bond with Mother, Dr. Knapp opined this was not a
secure attachment due to a “lack of rules or structure” and “inability to
provide safe, stable and appropriate long-term care.” (Notes of testimony,
4/5/16 at 49-52, 86-87, 98.) As a result, Dr. Knapp observed Children were
“at a rather high risk of requiring placement back in the protective care
should they return home. . . .” (Id. at 52.) Dr. Knapp, however, indicated a
strong, secure attachment to pre-adoptive resource parents, with whom
Children, both of whom have special needs,10 had been placed for over two
years and who provided Children “a very stable and structured environment,
very supportive.” (Id. at 53.) In fact, improvements were noted with
regard to Children’s behavior and performance in school. (Id. at 16-17, 53)
This positive relationship was echoed by Family Pathways case manager,
Duncan Robb, who monitored Children’s placement, and CYS caseworker
9
Mother was required to be drug tested weekly through Totin Family
Services. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 171-172.)
10
Both children have been diagnosed ADHD. Additionally, K.E.S. has been
diagnosed with anxiety disorder, and O.R.S. has been diagnosed on the
autism spectrum. (Exhibit 2 at 9; notes of testimony, 4/5/16 at 17-18.)
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Laura Gellner. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 127-129, 130-131, 135,
154-158.) Regardless of any harm that would result from terminating
Mother’s parental rights, Dr. Knapp emphasized Children’s positive
relationship and bond with pre-adoptive resource parents and the stability
and safety they afforded Children. (Notes of testimony, 4/5/16 at 56.)
Dr. Knapp testified as follows:
Q. In your observations and information that
you’ve gathered, if the Court were to terminate
parental rights of the birth parents, would the
bond and the security that the children have
with the resource family outweigh the trauma
or stress experienced by the children?
A. It does appear, from everything -- from all of
the data I have collected, that the children do
feel very secure and safe with [resource
parents], that they feel very bonded, that they
have a close relationship. It will --
undoubtedly would be -- would, you know,
cause some distress to the children. They do
both love their parents. But it does appear
that they would feel much more safe and
secure with [resource parents].
Id.11 Thus, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights to Children pursuant to
Section 2511(a)(8).
11
While Dr. Knapp testified that this assessment was completed with Mother
and Father residing together as a couple, subsequent to Mother’s release
from incarceration (notes of testimony, 4/5/16 at 88-89), no evidence was
presented that Mother and Father’s reported separation would change her
opinion.
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We next determine whether termination was proper under
Section 2511(b). With regard to Section 2511(b), we have stated as
follows:
Section 2511(b) focuses on whether termination of
parental rights would best serve the developmental,
physical, and emotional needs and welfare of the
child. As this Court has explained, Section 2511(b)
does not explicitly require a bonding analysis and the
term “bond” is not defined in the Adoption Act. Case
law, however, provides that analysis of the emotional
bond, if any, between parent and child is a factor to
be considered as part of our analysis. While a
parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is a
major aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest
analysis, it is nonetheless only one of many factors
to be considered by the court when determining
what is in the best interest of the child.
[I]n addition to a bond examination, the
trial court can equally emphasize the
safety needs of the child, and should also
consider the intangibles, such as the
love, comfort, security, and stability the
child might have with the foster parent.
Additionally, this Court stated that the
trial court should consider the
importance of continuity of relationships
and whether any existing parent-child
bond can be severed without detrimental
effects on the child.
In re Adoption of C.D.R., 111 A.3d 1212, 1219 (Pa.Super. 2015), quoting
In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa.Super. 2011) (quotation marks and
citations omitted).
As explained above, our review of the record confirms that terminating
Mother’s parental rights will best serve the needs and welfare of Children.
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As indicated, evidence was presented that Children, both of whom have
special needs, lacked a secure attachment with Mother, due to a lack of
safety and structure, which Children possessed with pre-adoptive resource
parents, with whom they had resided for over two years. (Notes of
testimony, 4/5/16 at 49-53, 56, 86-87, 98.) Since placed with pre-adoptive
resource parents, improvements were noted with regard to Children’s
behavior and performance in school. (Id. at 53.) Further, Children had a
high likelihood of once again being placed in protective custody if returned
home. (Id. at 52.) As this court has stated, “a child’s life cannot be held in
abeyance while a parent attempts to attain the maturity necessary to
assume parenting responsibilities. The court cannot and will not subordinate
indefinitely a child’s need for permanence and stability to a parent’s claims
of progress and hope for the future.” R.J.S., 901 A.2d at 513.
Accordingly, based upon our review of the record, we find no abuse of
discretion and conclude that the trial court appropriately terminated Mother’s
parental rights under 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8) and (b).
Lastly, we turn to the question of whether the trial court appropriately
changed the permanency goal to adoption. In so doing, our standard of
review is the same abuse of discretion standard as noted above. See
In the Interest of L.Z., 111 A.3d 1164, 1174 (Pa. 2015), citing In re
R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010), for the proposition that the abuse of
discretion standard applies in a dependency matter. Further, following an
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examination and findings of factors provided in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f) and
(f.1), regarding matters to be determined at the permanency hearing, the
trial court must also find that a goal change is in Children’s best interests.
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(g); In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179 (Pa. 2010).
The primary purpose of the disposition of a dependent child is to
examine what is in the best interest of the child. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(a);
In the Interest of Z.W., et al., 710 A.2d 1176, 1178 (Pa.Super. 1998).
See also In re Tameka M., 580 A.2d 750, 753 (Pa. 1990) (stating, “In
ordering a disposition under Section 6351 of the Juvenile Act, the court acts
not in the role of adjudicator reviewing the action of an administrative
agency, . . . rather the court acts pursuant to a separate discretionary role
with the purpose of meeting the child’s best interests,” quoting In re
Lowry, 484 A.2d 383, 386 (Pa. 1984)).
In the case at bar, Mother posits that the trial court should not have
changed Children’s permanency goal to adoption, as “the main rationale
behind the goal change was the fact that the Court issued an order
terminating [Mother]’s parental rights.” (Mother’s brief at 30.) Mother
avers that there was a lack of evidence supporting those factors set forth by
Section 6351(f). (Id.) However, upon review of the record, Mother’s claim
lacks merit. The record reveals that a change of the permanency goal to
adoption was in Children’s best interests. Mother had “relapsed” and tested
positive for drugs, and had not successfully completed drug and alcohol
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J. S83015/16
and/or mental health treatment. (Notes of testimony, 4/11/16 at 41, 43,
106-109.) Moreover, Dr. Knapp testified that Children, who both have
special needs, lacked a secure attachment with Mother, referencing an
absence of safety and structure, which Children enjoyed with their
pre-adoptive resource parents. (Notes of testimony, 4/5/16 at 49-53, 56,
86-87, 98.) Therefore, the record supports that a goal change was in the
best interests of Children. Accordingly, after review of the record, we again
discern no abuse of discretion, and conclude that the trial court properly
changed Children’s permanency goal to adoption.
Based on the foregoing analysis of the trial court’s termination of
Mother’s parental rights and change of Children’s permanency goal, we
affirm the decrees and orders of the trial court.
Decrees and orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/16/2016
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In Re: K.E.S., Appeal of: A.O., mother
Combined Opinion