NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 15-4061
___________
FREDY ALBERTO JIMENEZ RAMIREZ,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent
____________________________________
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
(Agency No. A073-721-259)
Immigration Judge: Honorable Leo Finston
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
August 11, 2016
Before: CHAGARES, KRAUSE and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 20, 2016)
___________
OPINION *
___________
PER CURIAM
*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
Fredy Alberto Jimenez Ramirez, proceeding pro se, petitions for review of an
order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing his appeal of a decision of
an Immigration Judge denying his application for relief from removal. For the reasons
that follow, we will deny the petition for review. 1
Ramirez, a 26-year old native and citizen of Guatemala, entered the United States
in 1992 without inspection with his mother. Ramirez’s father came to the United States
separately. In 1997, an Immigration Judge found Ramirez and his mother deportable and
granted them voluntary departure, but they did not leave the country. In 2009, Ramirez,
at the age of 19, violated the law and was removed to Guatemala based on the prior
deportation order. He illegally reentered the United States in 2010. Ramirez violated the
law again and his deportation order was reinstated in 2013. Ramirez expressed a fear of
harm in Guatemala and his case was referred to an Immigration Judge (“IJ”). Ramirez
was not eligible for asylum, but he applied for withholding of removal and relief under
the Convention Against Torture.
Ramirez, then represented by counsel, testified before the IJ that when he was
deported in 2009, a taxi driver agreed to help him call his family in the United States.
The driver asked Ramirez about his tattoos and whether he was in a gang. Ramirez told
him that his tattoos were not gang-related. The driver took Ramirez to a location where
men forced him out of the car and struck him with a gun. A man brought him into a
1
Ramirez was referred to as Fredy Jimenez in his administrative proceedings. He has
used the name Fredy Alberto Jimenez Ramirez in his filings in this Court.
2
house, told him to strip down, and accused him and his family of belonging to a gang.
Ramirez said that the men hit him and told him that they wanted money.
Ramirez gave the men his father’s telephone number and they demanded a
$10,000 ransom. Days later, the men placed him in the trunk of a car and told him they
were taking him to his father. When the trunk opened, Ramirez got out and ran. He did
not go to the police because the men had threatened to find him if he did. The men, who
Ramirez believed were gang members, also told him that they had connections to the
police. Ramirez got a ride to the Mexican border. He lived on the streets in Mexico for
several months until someone helped smuggle him into the United States.
Ramirez’s father testified that the kidnappers called him for the ransom and told
him that they would kill Ramirez if he spoke to authorities. Ramirez’s father stated that
he went to Guatemala and that men dressed in airport security uniforms met him at the
airport. He took a bus to another location where policemen met him and took him to a
house. A man came for the money, threatened him with a gun, and told him that Ramirez
had run away. He did not see Ramirez when he was in Guatemala. 2
The IJ assumed that Ramirez was credible and denied withholding of removal
because Ramirez did not establish that he faces mistreatment or that he was mistreated on
2
Dr. Jacqueline Moyerman, a psychologist, also testified. She stated that she examined
Ramirez when he was detained and that he was, among other things, distraught and
depressed. In light of this testimony, the IJ made a finding that Ramirez was competent.
3
account of a protected ground. 3 The IJ stated that Ramirez did not articulate the basis of
his persecution claim, but he hypothesized that Ramirez claimed that he would be
persecuted on account of his membership in a particular social group of “Americanized
deportees who are wrongly identified as gang members.” IJ’s Decision at 8. The IJ ruled
that such a group does not constitute a “particular social group,” that Ramirez was not
singled out because of these characteristics, and that he was a victim of crime.
The IJ denied relief under the Convention Against Torture because Ramirez did
not show that his mistreatment was perpetrated by or with the acquiescence of a public
official. The IJ noted that some of the persons involved were dressed in official clothing,
but stated that neither Ramirez nor his father determined if there was a connection
between the kidnappers and a Guatemalan government official. The IJ also did not find it
more likely than not that Ramirez would be tortured by or with the acquiescence of a
public official if removed. The IJ noted that, unlike when he was removed in 2009,
Ramirez would not necessarily arrive in Guatemala without any assistance.
The BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision. With respect to the withholding of removal
claim, the BIA stated that Ramirez had not shown that a protected ground was a central
reason for the claimed persecution. The BIA noted that he had not meaningfully
discussed any of the protected grounds on appeal or challenged the IJ’s decision in this
3
See Gonzalez-Posadas v. Att’y Gen., 781 F.3d 677, 684 (3d Cir. 2015) (an alien seeking
withholding of removal must show that he will more likely than not be persecuted on
account of his race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion).
4
regard. The BIA also concluded, for reasons similar to those given by the IJ, that
Ramirez had not shown that it is more likely than not that he will be tortured by or with
the acquiescence of a public official. This petition for review followed.
We have jurisdiction to review the final order of the BIA pursuant to 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252. Gonzalez-Posadas, 781 F.3d at 684 n.5. Ramirez asserts that we should review
the IJ’s decision because the BIA adopted that decision. The BIA, however, did not state
that it adopted the IJ’s decision. Rather, the BIA affirmed and reiterated certain
determinations of the IJ in its decision. We review those determinations of the IJ along
with the BIA’s decision. Sandie v. Att’y Gen., 562 F.3d 246, 250 (3d Cir. 2009).
Read liberally, Ramirez’s pro se brief appears to argue that he should have been
granted withholding of removal because he established that he was persecuted by gang
members affiliated with the police on account of his perceived gang membership.
Ramirez contends that in light of his past persecution, his future persecution is presumed.
Ramirez, however, did not argue in his brief on appeal to the BIA that he was persecuted
on account of his perceived gang membership. Through counsel, Ramirez argued only
that the extreme mistreatment he suffered when he was removed in 2009 established a
clear probability that his life or freedom would be threatened if removed again. As noted
above, the BIA stated in its decision that Ramirez had not meaningfully discussed any of
the protected grounds on appeal.
Ramirez now asserts that he was persecuted on account of his perceived gang
membership, but we agree with the Government that we lack jurisdiction to consider this
5
issue because he did not raise it before the BIA. Lin v. Att’y Gen., 543 F.3d 114, 119-21
(3d Cir. 2008). Although we have jurisdiction to consider issues addressed by the BIA
sua sponte, id. at 123-24, even if the BIA’s decision can be construed as affirming the
IJ’s ruling that “Americanized deportees who are wrongly identified as gang members”
does not constitute a particular social group, Ramirez does not challenge this legal
conclusion.
Ramirez also argues in his brief that the BIA failed to consider all of the evidence
presented in support of his appeal. Although Ramirez does not identify the evidence he
contends the BIA did not consider, the BIA stated in its decision that Ramirez had
presented documents on appeal, that it does not consider evidence in the first instance,
and that it would not remand the matter to the IJ to consider the evidence because
Ramirez had not shown that it would affect the outcome. To the extent Ramirez is
referring to these documents, he has not shown any error by the BIA. The documents
include new affidavits that primarily appear to corroborate evidence of his kidnapping.
Ramirez also states that the IJ did not “articulate adequately” why he did not meet
his burden of proof for relief under the Convention Against Torture. Pet. Brief at 9. To
the extent this statement also may be construed as directed to the BIA, the BIA gave
several reasons why Ramirez did not meet his burden of proof. Ramirez has not
explained why these reasons are inadequate or otherwise addressed this claim for relief.
Absent any discussion of this claim, we do not consider it. Kost v. Kozakiewicz, 1 F.3d
176, 182 (3d Cir. 1993).
6
Accordingly, we will deny the petition for review.
7