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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
ROBERTO DONES CRUZ, :
:
Appellant : No. 447 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 15, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-22-CR-0004936-2015
BEFORE: OTT, DUBOW, AND PLATT, JJ.*
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED DECEMBER 23, 2016
Appellant, Roberto Dones Cruz, appeals from the Judgment of
Sentence of 18 to 60 months’ incarceration entered by the Dauphin County
Court of Common Pleas following his conviction by a jury of Robbery.1 After
careful review, we affirm.
The relevant facts, as gleaned from the trial court’s June 22, 2016
Opinion and the certified record, are as follows. On July 16, 2015, Neida
Melendez (“Melendez”) withdrew $60 from a Western Union in Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania. As Melendez left the store, she was clutching the $60 in her
hand. Appellant, who observed Melendez enter and exit the Western Union
while sitting on the steps outside, approached Melendez from behind.
*
Retired Senior Judge Assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S. § 3701(a)(1)(v).
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Appellant grabbed the $60 from Melendez’s hand, touching her hand while
forcibly removing the money and startling her. Appellant took the money
and ran in the opposite direction.
Melendez specifically testified that Appellant physically grabbed her
hand when taking the money out of her grip, and that she was aware of
Appellant’s actions. Melendez knew Appellant from the neighborhood as one
of her grandson’s friends.
On March 15, 2016, the jury convicted Appellant of Robbery (force
however slight). The trial court immediately sentenced Appellant to a term
of 18 to 60 months’ incarceration.
Appellant filed a timely Notice of Appeal. Both Appellant and the trial
court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents one issue for our review:
Whether the evidence presented by the Commonwealth was
insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant
committed the crime of robbery where the Commonwealth failed
to prove that Appellant removed property from the complaining
witness (Neida Melendez-Reyes) utilizing force however slight.
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
We review challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence by considering
whether, “viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most
favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the
fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Commonwealth v. Melvin, 103 A.3d 1, 39 (Pa. Super. 2014).
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The trier of fact—while passing on the credibility of the witnesses and
the weight of the evidence—is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence. Id. at 40. Moreover, the trier of fact may base a conviction solely
on circumstantial evidence. Id. In conducting this review, the appellate
court may not weigh the evidence and substitute its judgment for that of the
fact-finder. Id. at 39-40.
The Crimes Code defines Robbery, in relevant part as follows:
§ 3701. Robbery
(a) Offense defined.—
(1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a
theft, he:
* * *
(v) physically takes or removes property from the person of another
by force however slight[.]
18 Pa.C.S. § 3701(a)(1)(v).
This Court has previously explained the contours of “force however
slight” as follows:
Any amount of force applied to a person while committing a theft
brings that act within the scope of the robbery statute. This
force may be actual or constructive. Actual force is applied to
the body; constructive force is use of threatening words or
gestures, and operates on the mind. The degree of actual force
is immaterial, so long as it is sufficient to separate the victim
from his property in, on[,] or about his body.
* * *
Specifically, our Courts have distinguished between cases where
a person is able to remove property from a victim by stealth and
those cases where the victim is aware of the removal and any
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force required to do so in determining whether the evidence is
sufficient to support a robbery conviction under section
3701(a)(1)(v).
Commonwealth v. Bedell, 954 A.2d 1209, 1213 (Pa. Super. 2008)
(citation omitted).
The trial court addressed Appellant’s sufficiency challenge in its
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) Opinion as follows:
In the instant matter, [Appellant] in the process of stealing
[Melendez’s] money literally grabbed the money out of her hand
and then fled from the scene. Her testimony alone proved all of
the requisite elements of robbery. As such, based on the
evidence brought forth at trial, the Commonwealth met its
burden on sufficiency of the evidence. The victim was fully
aware that [Appellant] was taking her money. This evidence,
which was found credible by the jury sitting as the finder of fact,
together with the inferences therefrom, was sufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that [Appellant] removed property
from the person of another by force, however slight. Therefore,
[Appellant’s] action was sufficient to establish the crime of
robbery.
Trial Court Opinion at 5-6. We agree with the trial court’s assessment.
The victim was aware of Appellant’s taking by forcibly grabbing the
money from her hands. Appellant’s actions did not constitute a theft by
stealth falling outside the ambit of Section 3701(a)(1)(v). Appellant’s
arguments to the contrary are unavailing. Appellant essentially asks us to
view the evidence in the light most favorable to Appellant, which is improper
under our standard of review.
Viewing the totality of the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth as the verdict winner, it is clear that the Commonwealth
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proved each element of the offense. Appellant’s sufficiency challenge, thus,
fails.
Judgment of Sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/23/2016
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