J-A28041-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
HAKIF NAMANI & SADIJE NAMANI IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellants
v.
BEZARK, LERNER, & DEVIRGILIS, P.C. AND
STUART WINEGRAD, ESQUIRE
Appellees No. 3453 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Order October 15, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Civil Division at No.: November Term, 2013, No. 2456
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., SHOGAN, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED JANUARY 05, 2017
Appellants, Hakif Namani and Sadije Namani, appeal from the order
entering summary judgment in favor of Appellees, Bezark, Lerner, &
DeVirgilis, P.C., and Stuart Winegrad, Esquire,1 in this legal malpractice
action. We affirm.
We take the factual history from the trial court’s February 4, 2016
opinion.
On December 23, 2004, [Appellant Hakif], suffered a
work-related injury to his left arm and hand. In January 2005,
an [Electromyography (EMG)] and the subsequent report by Dr.
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*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
We have amended the caption to reflect the name of both defendant
Appellees in this matter, and to reflect that both Appellants have appealed.
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Robert Kreb confirmed injury to his arm and hand, but doubt[ed]
a significant disc herniation.
On March 29, 2005, [Appellant Hakif] retained Appellees to
obtain workers’ compensation benefits as a result of his work-
related arm and hand injuries. Appellees were successful in
obtaining benefits for Appellant[ Hakif’s] initial complaint, but did
not pursue any other potential ancillary injuries.
On May 1, 2006, Appellees sent a letter to Appellants
explaining that benefits would be terminated if a Workers’
Compensation Judge (WCJ) did not believe that [Appellant Hakif]
was in need of continued treatment. Appellees’ letter further
suggested that Appellant [Hakif] should settle because no doctor
[was] keeping [him] from performing full duty work.
[I]n an order dated November 27, 2006, a WCJ found no
evidence of ongoing disability as of June 21, 2005, terminating
[Appellant Hakif’s] workers’ compensation. The WCJ’s order was
affirmed by the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) on
August 22, 2007. The Board’s order was affirmed by the
Commonwealth Court on [January 16, 2008]. [(See Namani v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board, 2008 WL 9399107
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2008) (unpublished memorandum)).]
In February 2008, Dr. Andrew Freese, M.D., Ph.D.
reviewed the 2005 EMG and found cervical strain and disc
herniations that he concluded were the result of [Appellant
Hakif’s] workplace injury. Dr. Freese suggested surgery, which
Appellees allegedly encouraged.
In light of Dr. Freese’s report, Appellees filed a reinstated
petition on November 11, 2008[,] claiming that [Appellant Hakif]
neither knew, nor should have known about his cervical strain
and disc herniations until February 6, 2008. The petition was
denied by a WCJ in March 2011 and affirmed by the
Commonwealth Court on December 6, 2011. [(See Namani v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board, 32 A.3d 850 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2011)).]
Appellants allege fraudulent misrepresentations by
Appellees for having assured success of the workers’
compensation claim and informing Appellants that their right to
benefits had not concluded after the WCJ terminated the matter
in 2006.
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(Trial Court Opinion, 2/04/16, at 3-4) (record citations and quotation marks
omitted).
On November 22, 2013, Appellants brought the instant legal
malpractice action against Appellees asserting claims for professional
negligence, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and loss of
consortium. On January 15, 2015, the trial court sustained Appellees
preliminary objections in part and struck Appellants’ claims for fraud and
loss of consortium. On August 3, 2015, Appellees filed a motion for
summary judgment on the remaining negligence, breach of contract, and
breach of fiduciary duty claims, arguing that Appellants filed their claims
after the statutes of limitations, and that Appellants could not prove
malpractice as a matter of law.
On October 8, 2015, the trial court granted Appellees’ motion with
respect to Bezark, Lerner, & DeVirgilis. On October 15, 2015, the court
amended its order to include Stuart Winegrad, Esq. This timely appeal
followed.2
Appellants raise two issues on appeal:
1. Pursuant to the appropriate standard upon summary
judgment, did the [trial court] commit reversible error as a
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2
Pursuant to the court’s order, Appellants filed their statement of errors
complained of on appeal on December 9, 2015. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
The trial court entered its opinion on February 4, 2016. See Pa.R.A.P.
1925(a).
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matter of law by granting [Appellees’] motion for summary
judgment as to the statute of limitations?
2. For preservation purposes, did the [trial court] err when it
granted summary judgment as to the statute of limitations
pursuant to the “continuing representation rule”?
(Appellants’ Brief, at 10) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Our standard of review on an appeal from the grant of a motion for
summary judgment is well-settled.
[O]ur scope of review of a trial court’s order granting or
denying summary judgment is plenary, and our standard of
review is clear: the trial court’s order will be reversed only where
it is established that the court committed an error of law or
abused its discretion.
Summary judgment is appropriate only when the record
clearly shows that there is no genuine issue of material fact and
that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
The reviewing court must view the record in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party and resolve all doubts as to
the existence of a genuine issue of material fact against the
moving party. Only when the facts are so clear that reasonable
minds could not differ can a trial court properly enter summary
judgment.
Markovsky v. Crown Cork & Seal Co., 107 A.3d 749, 755 n.4 (Pa. Super.
2014), appeal denied, 125 A.3d 1202 (Pa. 2015). Further, “[s]ummary
judgment may properly be entered in favor of a defendant when the
plaintiff’s cause of action is barred by the statute of limitations.” Brooks v.
Sagovia, 636 A.2d 1201, 1202 (Pa. Super. 1994) (citation omitted).
Appellants argue that their complaint was timely filed pursuant to the
doctrines of equitable tolling based upon the discovery rule and fraudulent
concealment, and therefore it should not have been barred by the statute of
limitations. (See Appellants’ Brief, at 18-24). They argue that the
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discovery rule should apply because Appellant Hakif, “a highly
unsophisticated, non-English speaking, working class immigrant from
Kosovo[,]” did not understand the litigation process and only when his
appeal was denied in 2011, did he understand that Attorney Winegrad did
not include his neck injury in his original claim. (Id. at 23). Appellants also
claim that Appellees fraudulently concealed malpractice by telling them that
their case had not concluded after the 2006 denial of benefits, and the
statutes of limitations should toll for that reason as well. (See id. at 23-24).
We disagree.
[A]n action for legal malpractice may be brought in either
contract or tort. . . . [I]t is undisputed that the two-year
limitations period applies to the negligence claim and the four-
year limitations period applies to the breach of contract claim.
42 Pa.C.S.[A.] §§ 5524(3), 5525.
Wachovia Bank, N.A. v. Ferretti, 935 A.2d 565, 570–71 (Pa. Super.
2007) (case citations omitted). A two-year statute of limitations period also
applies to breach of fiduciary duty claims. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5524(7).
“[T]he trigger for the accrual of a legal malpractice action, for statute of
limitations purposes, is not the realization of actual loss, but the occurrence
of a breach of duty.” Wachovia Bank, N.A., supra at 572.
Here, the trial court explained that:
In this case, the alleged breach of duty, which is the trigger for
the statute of limitations, is the date that Appellees submitted
the workers’ compensation claim without filing a claim for
cervical strain and disc herniation in 2005. The actual date that
Appellees submitted [Appellants’] claim does not appear in any
of the filings before this [c]ourt.
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Notwithstanding the absence of the date of submitting
[Appellant Hakif’s] claim, that date can be no later than
November 27, 2006, the date when benefits were terminated.
Appellant[s] filed their complaint on November 22, 2013, nearly
seven years after their loss. Appellants’ claims are therefore
barred by the four-year and two-year statutes of limitations
unless an exception applies and tolls the statute.
(Trial Ct. Op., at 6).3
An exception to the occurrence rule “is the equitable discovery rule
which will be applied when the injured person is unable, despite the exercise
of due diligence, to know of the injury or its cause. Lack of knowledge,
mistake or understanding, will not toll the running of the statute.”
Wachovia Bank, N.A., supra at 572 (citations omitted). “As the discovery
rule has developed, the salient point giving rise to its application is the
inability of the injured, despite the exercise of reasonable diligence, to know
that he is injured and by what cause.” Fine v. Checcio, 870 A.2d 850, 858
(Pa. 2005) (citation omitted).
Here, Appellants, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, should have
known that they were injured when Appellant Hakif’s benefits were
terminated in 2006. See id. Appellant Hakif’s lack of understanding about
the workers’ compensation appellate process does not toll the running of the
statute. See Wachovia Bank, N.A., supra at 572. Therefore, we conclude
that the discovery rule does not apply in this case.
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3
Our review of the certified record also reflects an absence of
documentation of the date that Appellees submitted Appellant Hakif’s initial
workers’ compensation claim.
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The statute of limitations may also be tolled if a defendant fraudulently
conceals facts from plaintiff. See Lange v. Burd, 800 A.2d 336, 339 (Pa.
Super. 2002), appeal denied, 818 A.2d 504 (Pa. 2003). “The defendant
must have committed some affirmative independent act of concealment
upon which the plaintiffs justifiably relied. Mere mistake or misunderstanding
is insufficient. Also, mere silence in the absence of a duty to speak cannot
suffice to prove fraudulent concealment.” Id.
Here, Appellants have not proven that Appellees fraudulently
concealed relevant facts. See id. Rather, as the trial court observed,
Appellees’ statement that Appellant Hakif’s right to benefits had not
concluded in 2006, was “true, as evidenced by the subsequent five years of
motions and appeals filed by Appellees on Appellants’ behalf.” (Trial Ct. Op.,
at 8). Therefore, we conclude there is no evidence of fraudulent
concealment that would toll the statute of limitations. See Lange, supra at
339.
We discern no error of law in the trial court’s conclusion that
Appellants’ claims were barred by the statutes of limitations. See
Markovsky, supra at 755 n.4. Appellants have not set forth any evidence
that would prove that they filed their complaint within the statutes of
limitations period, nor have they proven that an exception would apply that
would toll the statutes. See Wachovia Bank, N.A., supra at 572; Lange,
supra at 339; 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5524(7). Accordingly, we agree with the trial
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court that summary judgment was proper on this basis. See Brooks,
supra at 1202. Appellants’ first issue does not merit relief.
In their second issue, Appellants argue that this Court should adopt
the continuing representation rule with respect to the trigger for the accrual
of a legal malpractice claim for statutes of limitations purposes. (See
Appellants’ Brief, at 25). Appellants acknowledge that this Court has
declined to adopt the continuing representation rule. (See id.);
Gleenbrook Leasing Co. v. Beausang, 839 A.2d 437, 441-42 (Pa. Super.
2003), affirmed, 881 A.2d 1266 (Pa. 2005) (“[i]n Pennsylvania, the method
used to determine when the statute begins to accrue is the occurrence rule
or the discovery rule when appropriate.”) (citation omitted). Thus, the trial
court correctly applied the law when it did not adopt the continuing
representation rule. Appellants’ second issue does not merit relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/5/2017
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Namani, H. v. Bezark, Lerner & DeVirgilis, P.C.
Combined Opinion