J-S83032-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
TOR ANTHONY STANKO, :
:
Appellant : No. 477 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 5, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-63-CR-0003156-2014
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., SHOGAN, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED JANUARY 11, 2017
Tor Anthony Stanko (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered following his guilty pleas to numerous counts including
dissemination and possession of child pornography.1 In addition to
challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence, Appellant challenges
his classification under the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act
(SORNA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.41. We affirm in part, vacate in part,
and remand for proceedings consistent with this memorandum.
The trial court has provided the following summary of the history of
the case.
1
Appellant purports to appeal from the order that denied his post-sentence
motions, but his appeal properly lies from the judgment of sentence. See,
e.g., Commonwealth v. Lawrence, 99 A.3d 116, 117 n.1 (Pa. Super.
2014). We have corrected the appeal paragraph accordingly.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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On November 10, 2014, the Pennsylvania Office of
Attorney General’s [(“OAG”)] Bureau of Special Investigations -
Child Predator Section in the Western Regional Office filed a
criminal complaint against Appellant that contained the following
charges: one count of sexual abuse of children (distribution of
child pornography), 18 Pa.C.S.[] § 6312(c), ten counts of sexual
abuse of children (possession of child pornography), 18 Pa.C.S.[]
§ 6312(d), one count of criminal use of a communication facility,
18 Pa.C.S.[] § 7512 (a), one count of manufacturing of a
controlled substance, 35 Pa.C.S.[] § 780-113(a)(30), and one
count of possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance,
35 Pa.C.S.[] § 780-113(a)(30). The charges arose as a result of
an investigation that Agents of the [OAG] (“Agents”) were
conducting on October 9, 2014, which led Agents to locate a
computer that was sharing files of suspected child pornography.
Agents of the [OAG] identified the IP address as belonging to a
Mr. Mark Stanko, Appellant’s father. On November 10, 2015,
Agents from the [OAG] and the Pennsylvania State Police
executed a search warrant at 24 Grove Lane, Monongahela,
Pennsylvania. Agents and Officers conducted a search of the
residence. Multiple computers and other electronic media were
among the items recovered from the residence. After a preview
of some of the devices and/or media, apparent child
pornography media files were discovered. Agents also
discovered several mason jars and other containers filled with a
substance appearing to be marijuana. After the search, the
Appellant admitted to searching for, downloading, and viewing
child pornography on his computer.
On November 10, 2015, [] Appellant was arraigned on the
above charges, and his bail was set as $25,000 unsecured. A
condition of Appellant’s bail was that he not have unsupervised
contact with minors and that he have no unsupervised use of the
internet. On December 10, 2014, a preliminary hearing was
held before Magisterial District Judge Mark Wilson, and all
charges were bound over to the Washington County Court of
Common Pleas. On February 2, 2015, the Commonwealth filed a
bill of information against [] Appellant, which contained the
same charges as the criminal complaint. On May 1, 2015, []
Appellant appeared before the [trial court] for plea court and
indicated that he wished to enter an open plea. On July 21,
2015, Appellant entered an open plea to counts 1-12 and count
14, and the Commonwealth agreed to withdraw count 13 at
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sentencing. Appellant appeared before the [trial court] for a
sentencing hearing on [November 5], 2015. At said time,
Appellant was sentenced [to an aggregate term of 18 to 60
months of incarceration, and found to be a Tier III offender for
purposes of SORNA].
Trial Court Opinion, 5/27/2016, at 1-3 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Appellant timely filed a post-sentence motion to modify sentence,
which ultimately was denied by operation of law. Appellant timely filed a
notice of appeal, and both Appellant and the trial court complied with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents this Court with three questions:
A. Whether the trial court’s rote statement of the factors to
be considered in sentencing was an inadequate statement
on the record of the trial court’s reasons for the sentence
imposed, which Pa.R.Crim.P. 704(C)(2) requires?
B. Whether the trial court’s statement, in the opinion
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) “that undue risk existed that
[] Appellant would commit another crime were he
sentenced to a period of probation or partial confinement”
is unsupported by the record?
C. Whether the trial court erred by classifying [Appellant] as
a Tier III offender, concluding that [his] pleas of guilty to
one count of dissemination of child pornography and ten
counts of possession of child pornography within the same
criminal information constitute “two or more convictions”
of Tier I or Tier II sexual offenses under section
9799.14(d)(16) of the sentencing code where [Appellant]
was engaged in one logically-related act from which he has
had no opportunity to reform?
Appellant’s Brief at 3 (trial court answers and unnecessary capitalization
omitted).
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Appellant’s first two questions challenge the discretionary aspects of
his sentence. We consider those questions mindful of the following.
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.
Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record,
that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias
or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
***
When imposing sentence, a court is required to consider
the particular circumstances of the offense and the character of
the defendant. In considering these factors, the court should
refer to the defendant’s prior criminal record, age, personal
characteristics and potential for rehabilitation.
Commonwealth v. Antidormi, 84 A.3d 736, 760-61 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
An appellant is not entitled to the review of challenges to the
discretionary aspects of a sentence as of right. Rather, an
appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence
must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction. We determine whether the
appellant has invoked our jurisdiction by considering the
following four factors:
(1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of
appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the
issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a
motion to reconsider and modify sentence, see
Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a
fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether
there is a substantial question that the sentence
appealed from is not appropriate under the
Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
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Commonwealth v. Samuel, 102 A.3d 1001, 1006-07 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(some citations omitted).
Here, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal after filing a motion to
modify sentence, and his brief contains a statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
2119(f). We thus consider whether Appellant has presented a substantial
question for our review.
“To convince us a substantial question exists, an appellant needs to
advance a colorable argument that the sentencing court’s actions were
inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code or violated a
fundamental norm of the sentencing process.” Commonwealth v. Feucht,
955 A.2d 377, 383-84 (Pa. Super. 2008).
The first issue Appellant presents is that the trial court failed to state
on the record the reasons for the sentence imposed. As such a statement is
required by Pa.R.Crim.P. 704(C)(2), Appellant has raised a substantial
question. Commonwealth v. Hlatky, 626 A.2d 575, 583 (Pa. Super.
1993). Appellant’s second question presented contends that the trial court’s
finding that he presents a risk of reoffending if not subjected to total
confinement is not supported by the record. Appellant’s second claim also
presents a substantial question. Accord Commonwealth v. Walker, 666
A.2d 301, 310 (Pa. Super. 1995) (holding substantial question raised by
claim that factual findings as to restitution were not supported by the
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record). Accordingly, we will examine the merits of both2 of Appellant’s
questions.
The trial court addressed Appellant’s issues as follows.
The [trial c]ourt in the above proceeding found, and the
record supports, that undue risk existed that [] Appellant would
commit another crime were he sentenced to a period of
probation or partial confinement. On the record, the prosecution
and the defense both presented arguments regarding the
Appellant’s internet use. The Commonwealth explained,
“[Appellant] has still maintained [i]nternet activity. That’s
something that’s problematic to the Commonwealth in these
types of cases.” The Defense acknowledged that [] Appellant
continued to use the internet, but that “he has indicated to the
Court that he has not looked at any such images and will not do
so in the future.” [] Appellant also testified to continuing use of
the internet. When questioned as to whether [] Appellant
understood the nature of the offense of which he was charged,
he stated, “I understand that looking at it, that helps, I guess,
helps the people want to put more out and I understand that … I
don’t want to help them put more out. So I’m definitely not
going to look at it again.”
The record also supports that Appellant did not obtain
treatment or counseling on his own. Appellant answered
affirmatively that he would undergo counseling if the [trial c]ourt
were to order any counseling or psychological treatment. As
pointed out by the Commonwealth, however, Appellant did not
seek counseling or treatment on his own accord between the
time the charges were filed and the sentencing proceeding.
2
In his 2119(f) statement, Appellant includes other issues that are unrelated
to the questions he presents for our review and that are not developed in
the argument section of his brief. See Appellant’s Brief at 13 (stating, inter
alia, that his sentence is “so manifestly excessive as to constitute too severe
a punishment”). We do not consider those issues in conducting our
substantial-question analysis. See Pa.R.A.P. 2116(d) (requiring any issues
related to discretionary aspects of sentence to be included in the statement
of questions presented); Commonwealth v. Hallock, 722 A.2d 180, 181
(Pa. Super. 1998) (providing that this Court will not consider issues that are
not raised and developed in briefs).
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The Commonwealth further explained that “[a]s per the Sexual
Offender Assessment Board’s [(SOAB)] evaluation, which is part
of the record now, Your Honor, you will note that in that
evaluation, they discuss the types of offenses that we are
dealing with here, the likelihood for re-offense and things along
those lines that would suggest to us that taking responsibility is
at the forefront of changes in this behavior … actually changing
the behavior and not maintaining access to the [i]nternet is part
of how to curb this behavior and prevent any type of re-offense
in the future.” Furthermore, in the Pre-Sentence Investigation
Report [(PSI)], which was admitted during the sentencing
proceeding, Appellant made a statement that not only did he
know that the pornography that he was downloading contained
images of underage children, but that he looked at it because “it
was different.” When he was questioned as to whether he had
looked at any [pornography] since his arrest, he answered,
“Some. Not much. Not any underage.” Therefore, the record
indicates that Appellant neither terminated his use of the
[i]nternet nor did he seek any type of treatment such that a
sentence of total confinement would be unreasonable.
Testimony was also provided during the sentencing
proceeding regarding Appellant’s physical and mental state.
Appellant testified regarding his paraplegia, which resulted from
a car accident when he was seventeen years old. Appellant
described his condition as follows:
Defense Attorney: Do you have any feeling
anywhere in your legs?
Appellant: I have some feeling, but I can’t feel like a
determination of hot and cold. I can feel like
when somebody touches my toe or something,
you know, I can feel the pressure, I guess.
Defense Attorney: How about from the waist up?
Appellant: I have some dead spots like in my mid-
section, but I, basically, can feel like from here
up (indicating), like feel decent.
Defense Attorney: You are indicating from your mid-
chest up?
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Appellant: Up, yeah.
Defense Attorney: Do you have disability in your
arms?
Appellant: No, not really.
Defense Attorney: Do you have any difficulty with
your hands?
Appellant: Yes.
Defense Attorney: What is that?
Appellant: I’ve got tendon damage in my right hand
and I have a hard time, like - - sometimes
opening them, I have a hard time.
The record also reflects that the Court reviewed the [PSI]
that was prepared by Mr. Jeremy Crow. The [PSI] recognizes
that Appellant had no prior record. It further acknowledges that
Appellant only consumed alcohol occasionally, and that he used
marijuana daily prior to being arrested. The [PSI] also notes
that there are no problems in the areas described in the [PSI] as
sexual, psychological or assault. It also recognizes that
Appellant is wheelchair bound, but that he no longer does
physical therapy or takes any medication. The [trial c]ourt
stated, on the record, that in sentencing [] Appellant, it took into
consideration “the [PSI] prepared by Mr. Crow … [and] the
physical disabilities of [Appellant].”
***
In the present sentencing, the record, in its entirety,
reflects the necessary elements such that the court was aware of
the various factors affecting [] Appellant and his sentence. The
[trial c]ourt stated on the record:
So in imposing sentence, the court is taking
into consideration the Pennsylvania Sentencing
Guidelines … the [PSI] prepared by Mr. Crow; the
rehabilitative needs of the Defendant; the physical
disabilities of the Defendant; the particular
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circumstances and gravity of the offense; the impact
on the community; and the need for deterrence.
After carefully weighing all of these factors, the court
concludes that a sentence of total confinement is
appropriate and that any lesser sentence would
depreciate the seriousness of this crime.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/27/2016, at 8-11 (footnotes and citations omitted).
Our review of the record reveals that Appellant’s challenges to the
discretionary aspects of his sentence warrant no relief from this Court. First,
the transcript of the sentencing hearing reveals that the trial court did in fact
state the reasons for its sentence on the record, see N.T., 11/5/2015, at 58-
60, after considering the information in the PSI as well as the mitigating
circumstances testified to by Appellant and argued by defense counsel at the
sentencing hearing, see id. at 24-35, 45-49. Thus, there is no merit to his
claim that the trial court failed to comply with its duty under Pa.R.Crim.P.
704(C)(2).
Second, the trial court’s conclusions are supported by the record.
While the SOAB report indicated that there was insufficient evidence to
conclude that Appellant suffered from a personality disorder or mental
abnormality such as paraphilia that is associated with continued offending
behavior, SVP Assessment, 10/5/2015, at 13, it also indicates that “[a]bsent
treatment, there is no reason to believe that [Appellant] has the skills to
manage his sexual abusive behaviors.” Id. at 11. Further, the PSI indicates
that Appellant not only continued to use the internet after his arrest, but
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continued to view pornography. PSI, 9/23/2015. From this, and the gravity
of the offenses,3 the trial court acted within its discretion in concluding that a
period of total confinement was warranted. Commonwealth v. Johnson,
125 A.3d 822, 826 (Pa. Super. 2015) (explaining that, to demonstrate an
abuse of sentencing discretion, “the appellant must establish, by reference
to the record, that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision”).
Appellant’s remaining claim is that the trial court erred in classifying
him as a Tier III sexual offender. Under SORNA, a person convicted of a
Tier I offense must register for 15 years. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.15(a)(1). The
registration period is 25 years for a Tier II offense. 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9799.15(a)(2). Lifetime registration is required upon conviction of a Tier
III offense. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.15(a)(3).
While Appellant’s individual convictions were all either Tier I or Tier II
offenses under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.14, subsection (d)(16) provides that two
3
The transcript of Appellant’s guilty plea proceeding is not in the record
before us, but the affidavit of probable cause in the criminal complaint
indicates that Appellant was charged with possessing videos showing
prepubescent girls engaging in oral and vaginal sex with boys or adult men,
as well as file sharing of a video of a young child (between the ages of eight
and 12) removing her underwear and touching her genitals. As our
Supreme Court has explained, “each image of child pornography creates a
permanent record of a child’s abuse, which results in continuing exploitation
of a child when the image is subsequently viewed.” Commonwealth v.
Davidson, 938 A.2d 198, 219 (Pa. 2007).
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or more Tier I or II convictions result in classification as a Tier III offense.
In sentencing Appellant in the instant case, the trial court applied this
Court’s determination that guilty pleas entered simultaneously counted as
multiple convictions for purposes of sex offender registration.
Commonwealth v. Merolla, 909 A.2d 337, 345 (Pa. Super. 2006).
However, while this appeal was pending, our Supreme Court held that the
statute at issue “requires an act, a conviction, and a subsequent act to
trigger lifetime registration for multiple offenses otherwise subject to a
fifteen- or twenty-five-year period of registration.” Commonwealth v.
Lutz-Morrison, 143 A.3d 891, 895 (Pa. 2016).
Under Lutz-Morrison, Appellant is a Tier II offender, not a Tier III
offender, under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.14, and is subject to 25 years of SORNA
reporting rather than lifetime reporting. Therefore, although we affirm
Appellant’s judgment of sentence in all other respects, we vacate that
portion of the sentencing order that classifies him as a Tier III offender and
remand for entry of an order that classifies him as a Tier II offender.
Judgment of sentence affirmed in part and vacated in part. Case
remanded for proceedings consistent with this memorandum. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/11/2017
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