Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 78
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-16-336
Opinion Delivered February 8, 2017
CITY OF BETHEL HEIGHTS
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE BENTON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 04CV-15-487-2]
GREGORY A. KENDRICK HONORABLE BRAD KARREN,
REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST DATED JUDGE
OCTOBER 5, 2012, AND SHELLY
KENDRICK AFFIRMED
APPELLEES
N. MARK KLAPPENBACH, Judge
The City of Bethel Heights appeals from the trial court’s order granting summary
judgment to appellees on its breach-of-contract claim. Bethel Heights argues that a contract
existed between the parties and that appellees breached the contract. We affirm.
Appellees, the Gregory A. Kendrick Revocable Living Trust and Shelly Kendrick,
owned three tracts of land in Bethel Heights comprising approximately eighty-six acres.
Bethel Heights is adjacent to Springdale. Appellees wanted their property to be annexed into
Springdale and attempted to get the two cities to agree to this. In December 2014, appellees’
attorney sent a letter to Bethel Heights providing a “formal statement and request for services
pursuant to Act 779 of the 1999 legislative session, as revised and codified as A.C.A.
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14-40-2001, et seq.,” in the event that an agreement was not reached.1 The service appellees
sought from Bethel Heights was “municipal sewer service sufficient to provide not less than
an eight (8) inch service main sufficient for industrial use to the property.” The letter alleged
that the “step sewer system” operated by Bethel Heights had no ability to provide the
requested eight-inch service main.
In January 2015, Bethel Heights responded by letter, stating in part as follows:
I have been authorized to inform you that the City of Bethel Heights does
hereby commit to provide services adequate to service the needs of your client. At
the present time there is adjoining the property a forced main wastewater line that our
engineers have determined will actually service more volume than the capacity of an
eight inch (8") gravity flow service which your clients claim to need. The City will
provide an eight inch connection to that line at the time needed by your client or will
stub out such a connection within the 180 day time period within which substantial
steps are required to be made by Act 779.
As the line is already located adjacent to the property and the line will handle
the flow of an eight inch line, the service requested by your client is already available.
In your letter you referenced “industrial use” of the property. . . . The City
respectfully requests that additional information be provided to the City in order that
zoning and use issues may be considered and a determination made as to whether any
proposed use of the property may even be acceptable under the zoning and
development requirements of the City. Such a basic determination in the normal and
customary course of development is vital to determining the services necessary not
only with wastewater but also with water, electric, and gas and such information will
surely be available in determining the required capacity and availability of those
1
Arkansas Code Annotated section 14-40-2002 (Repl. 2013) provides the procedure
by which a landowner seeking additional municipal services may have its land detached from
the municipality in which it is located and annexed into another municipality that borders
the land. Before annexation is allowed, the municipality in which the land is located shall
have an opportunity to provide the additional services. Ark. Code Ann. § 14-40-2002(a)(2).
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services.
Appellees did not respond to Bethel Heights’s request for additional information.
In March 2015, Springdale passed an ordinance annexing appellees’ property into the
city, and in April 2015, Bethel Heights filed suit against Springdale and appellees. In its
complaint, Bethel Heights sought a declaratory judgment declaring the ordinance void ab
initio, sought to appeal the ordinance, and alleged breach of contract by appellees. Bethel
Heights claimed that the two letters exchanged by the parties formed a contract and that
appellees had breached the contract by failing to provide reasonably requested information
to Bethel Heights and by having Springdale annex the property without notice to Bethel
Heights. Bethel Heights requested that the court require specific performance of the contract
or, alternatively, award damages for loss of tax revenue.
Appellees and Springdale filed a joint motion to dismiss, and the trial court dismissed
all of the claims except for the breach-of-contract claim against appellees. Appellees
subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment asserting that the letters exchanged by the
parties did not form a contract; that even if there was a contract, appellees did not breach the
contract; and that it was impossible for them to perform any such contract now that the
property had been annexed. The trial court granted summary judgment to appellees, and
Bethel Heights now appeals.
On appeal, this court need only decide if the grant of summary judgment was
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appropriate based on whether the evidentiary items presented by the moving party in support
of the motion left a material question of fact unanswered. Dev. & Constr. Mgmt., Inc. v. City
of N. Little Rock, 83 Ark. App. 165, 119 S.W.3d 77 (2003). The burden of sustaining a
motion for summary judgment is on the movant. Id. All proof submitted must be viewed
in the light most favorable to the party resisting the motion, and any doubts or inferences are
resolved against the moving party. Id. Once the moving party has established a prima facie
entitlement to summary judgment by affidavits or other supporting documents, the opposing
party must meet proof with proof and demonstrate the existence of a material issue of fact.
Id.
The essential elements of a contract are (1) competent parties, (2) subject matter, (3)
legal consideration, (4) mutual agreement, and (5) mutual obligation. City of Dardanelle v.
City of Russellville, 372 Ark. 486, 277 S.W.3d 562 (2008). This court cannot make a contract
for the parties but can only construe and enforce the contract that they have made; if there
is no meeting of the minds, there is no contract. Id. Moreover, the terms of a contract
cannot be so vague as to be unenforceable. Id. The terms of a contract are reasonably
certain if they provide a basis for determining the existence of a breach and for giving an
appropriate remedy. Id.
The trial court found that (1) no mutual agreement or meeting of the minds existed
between the parties; (2) appellees’ letter was not an offer and that even if the response from
Bethel Heights could be considered the basis of any contract, it was at most a counteroffer;
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and (3) there were no definite terms, consideration, or mutual obligations. This court agrees.
Bethel Heights contends that appellees’ request for services was an offer that it
accepted by committing to provide the requested services. Appellees, however, contend that
there was no meeting of the minds because Bethel Heights offered to provide a different,
although comparable, service in response to appellees’ request for a specific service. Thus,
appellees contend that the response was at best a counteroffer that they never accepted. As
stated above, appellees requested “municipal sewer service sufficient to provide not less than
an eight (8) inch service main sufficient for industrial use to the property.” In response,
Bethel Heights committed to provide “services adequate to service the needs of your client.”
More specifically, Bethel Heights said that it would provide an “eight inch connection” to
“a forced main wastewater line that . . . will actually service more volume than the capacity
of an eight inch (8") gravity flow service.” Thus, Bethel Heights did not agree to provide
what was requested by appellees, but instead made an alternative, or counter, offer. We
agree with appellees that there was no meeting of the minds and that the letter from Bethel
Heights lacked reasonable certainty as to what type of wastewater service line was to be
provided; thus, there were no definite terms to form a contract.
Even if the service Bethel Heights committed to provide was equal to what was
requested by appellees, the alleged contract also lacked mutual obligation. Bethel Heights
argues that appellees were obligated to provide information to Bethel Heights and to not seek
annexation into Springdale “unless and until said services were not provided.” As appellees
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note, however, they did not commit to do these things in their letter. This is proof that a
second element of a contract, mutual agreement, is missing. Furthermore, because appellees
were never contractually obligated to provide requested information or to give notice to
Bethel Heights prior to annexation, failing to do these things could not constitute a breach
of contract as Bethel Heights alleged.
Although Bethel Heights claims that appellees were statutorily obligated to provide
requested information, the statute does not create a contract where one does not exist.
Pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 14-40-2004, Bethel Heights filed a petition
in the circuit court to challenge appellees’ compliance with the statute. However, in
response to the motion to dismiss, the trial court found that this claim was not timely filed.
Bethel Heights does not challenge that finding on appeal. As such, the only issue is whether
the trial court appropriately granted summary judgment to appellees on the
breach-of-contract claim. We hold that it did and affirm.2
Affirmed.
HARRISON and WHITEAKER, JJ., agree.
Hall, Estill, Hardwick, Gable, Golden & Nelson, P.C., by: Robert K. Rhoads and M. Scott
Hall, for appellant.
Watkins, Boyer, Gray & Curry, PLLC, by: Bill Watkins and Jennifer E. Gray, for
appellees.
2
In City of Bethel Heights v. City of Springdale, 2017 Ark. App. 81, also handed down
this day, Bethel Heights appeals the subsequent rezoning of appellees’ property.
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