Case: 14-13095 Date Filed: 02/10/2017 Page: 1 of 5
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 14-13095
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cr-20588-RWG-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ARTHUR SCHLECHT,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
________________________
(February 10, 2017)
Before WILLIAM PRYOR, MARTIN and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Case: 14-13095 Date Filed: 02/10/2017 Page: 2 of 5
Arthur John Schlecht appeals his convictions for attempting and conspiring
to commit mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1349, and for wire fraud, id. § 1343. Schlecht
argues that he is entitled to a new trial based on improper contact between third
parties and several jurors. Schlecht also argues that the district court should have
given his proposed jury instruction about good faith reliance on advice provided by
legal counsel. We affirm.
The district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Schlecht’s
motion for a new trial based on communications that his friends initiated with
jurors. Statements from the foreperson and several jurors created a colorable
showing that the jury had been exposed to extrinsic contact and that the contact
was “about the matter pending before the jury.” Remmer v. United States, 347 U.S.
227, 229 (1954). One juror described being approached by a defense witness who
attempted to start a conversation about the weather, and three other jurors
described how a “black body builder” whom they had noticed among the
spectators of the trial announced that Schlecht was a “good guy” and attempted to
“feel out” the jury’s opinion of Schlecht. These interactions called into doubt the
jurors’ impartiality and entitled Schlecht to a presumption that he had been
prejudiced by the extrinsic contact. See United States v. Siegelman, 640 F.3d 1159,
1182 (11th Cir. 2011). But the United States rebutted the presumption of prejudice
and established that the extrinsic contact was harmless. See id. Each juror stated
2
Case: 14-13095 Date Filed: 02/10/2017 Page: 3 of 5
that he or she ended the conversation quickly, if not immediately, and those jurors
approached by the body builder did not respond to his comments. Each juror also
stated that he or she could proceed with deliberations fairly and impartially.
Schlecht and the prosecutor composed a curative instruction, which the district
court gave, that directed the jurors to base their “decision . . . only on the evidence
presented”; “not [to] be influenced in any way by either sympathy for or prejudice
against the defendant or the government”; and to “continue to be fair and impartial
to both sides” during deliberations. Immediately following that instruction, the
jurors confirmed a second time that they did not harbor “any reservations” about
their impartiality. We presume that the jury followed that instruction, see United
States v. Lopez, 649 F.3d 1222, 1237 (11th Cir. 2011), and responded honestly to
the inquiries by the district court. Schlecht argues that the improper contact was
particularly damaging because it gave the appearance that “he was involved behind
the scenes and caused others to act on his behalf,” but after expressing similar
concerns at trial, he did not request a mistrial or contest the decision to have the
jury resume its deliberations. Schlecht also did not object to the questions that the
government wanted the district court to ask the jury, and Schlecht declined to make
any additional inquiries on the basis it “[might] well be counterproductive.” Most
notably, Schlecht consented to have the jurors determine his guilt and waited to
pursue the issue after the jury returned an unfavorable verdict. Under these
3
Case: 14-13095 Date Filed: 02/10/2017 Page: 4 of 5
circumstances, we cannot say that the district court abused its discretion when it
denied Schlecht’s posttrial motion.
The district court also did not abuse its discretion when it refused to give
Schlecht’s proposed jury instruction. A “refusal to give a proffered instruction only
constitutes reversible error if: (1) the requested instruction was a correct statement
of the law, (2) its subject matter was not substantially covered by other
instructions, and (3) its subject matter dealt with an issue . . . that was so important
that failure to give it seriously impaired the defendant’s ability to defend himself.”
United States v. Dean, 487 F.3d 840, 847 (11th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation
marks and citation omitted). Schlecht was not entitled to an instruction about good
faith reliance on the advice of counsel because he failed to prove that he fully
disclosed to his attorney all material facts related to his business dealings. See
United States v. Hill, 643 F.3d 807, 851 (11th Cir. 2011). Schlecht, a broker,
solicited investors to purchase precious metals and then used the funds to purchase
“rolling spot contracts” for precious metals and to pay for personal expenses.
Schlecht’s wife testified that an attorney advised Schlecht to become a broker and
drafted documents for some of Schlecht’s businesses, but she did not attend their
meetings and admittedly did not know the actual substance of their conversations.
Her testimony fell far short of establishing that Schlecht relied on advice from his
attorney to sell precious metals on margin; to conceal from investors that they were
4
Case: 14-13095 Date Filed: 02/10/2017 Page: 5 of 5
purchasing margins on instead of actual precious metals; and to misappropriate his
clients’ money. See Dean, 487 F.3d at 847.
The district court “substantially covered” in its instructions Schlecht’s
defense theory that he lacked the intent to defraud and acted in good faith with his
investors. See id. The district court instructed the jury that “[g]ood faith is a
complete defense to a charge that requires intent to defraud”; “[t]he government
must prove intent to defraud”; “[a]n honestly held opinion or . . . belief[, even if
mistaken,] cannot be fraudulent intent”; and “a mistake [in] judgment, an error in
management[,] or carelessness cannot establish fraudulent intent.” Schlecht cannot
establish that the failure to give his proposed jury instruction “seriously impaired
his ability to defend himself.” See id.
We AFFIRM Schlecht’s convictions.
5