Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion

"~FHEA~ORNEYGENERAL OF TEXAS Honorable Olin Culberson, Chairman Railroad Ccsmnissionof Texas Austin, Te'exas Dear Sir: Opinion No. O-7068 Rer Application of Rule 37 and other conservation regulations to unproven territory. Receipt is aoknowledged of your letter of January 29, 1946, which reads as follm: "The Railroad Commission has a statewide spacing rule that is applicable until such time as special field rules can be promulgated after discovery of oil by wildcat operations. "This rule provides that no well shall be drilled nearer than 330 feet to lease or property line and requires wells to be s'paoedno closer than 933 feet on tie same lease. These same statewide rules also provide for cas- ing rules and other rules governing the drilling and operation of such lease in the event no special field rules are requested by the operator. "In the Kemp area of Kaufman County, different operators owning town lots that are only 50 feet by 150 feet in area are filing notices of intention to drill on such small tracts. The policy of the Commission has always been to set donm for hearing any notice of intention to drill a wildcat well which is pearer than 330 feet to a property or lease line as an ax- oeption to Rule 37, which is the spacing rule. "QUSSTIO~;l: V&herethe notice of intention to drill shows the location to be nearerthan 330 feet to a property or lease line, is the Commission, under the statewide spacing rule, required to set such notice of intention to drill for hearing as an exception to Rule 37? 'QUESTION 2% Can the Commission require more than the filing of notioe of intention to drill in an area that does not yet have production. "In view of the fact that different operators are insisting that they do not have to wait for hearing on exceptions to drill by reason of their claiming wildcat operations, may the Consnisnionnot ask for an emergency ruling on the question and that you imnediately give us your decision." As we understand your first question, you desire to be advised whether or not Rule 37, the statewide spacing rule, has application 'co Hon. Olin Culberron, page 2 (o-7068) wildcat operations. This rule was originally promulgated on November 26, 1919, and, as amended Nay 29, 1934, January 25, 1940, January 1, 1942, February 18, 1943, and Eay 1, 1944, reads as follows: "Section (a). ISowell for oil or gas shall hereafter be drilled nearer than nine hundred thirty-three (933) feet to any well completed in or drilling to the ssme horizon on the same tract or fans, and no well shall be drilled nearer than three hundred thirQ (330) feet to aqy proper* line, lease line or subdivision line; provided that the Connnission,in order to prevent waste or to prevent the confiscation of property, may grant exceptions'to pennit drilling within shorter distanaes than above prescribed when the Commission shall determine that such exaeptions are necessary either to prevent waste or to prevent the confisoation of property. mhen exoeption to such rule is desired, application therefor shall be made by filing Form 1 in duplicate, completely filled out, with the Deputy Supervisor of the Railnoad Commission in the Commission District where the well or wells are located, which appli- cation shall be aoeompanied by a plat or sketch drawn to the scale of one (1) inch equalling four hundred (400) feet, accurately showing to scale the property on which permit is sought to drill a well under an exception to this rule, and accurately showing toscale all other completed, drilling and permitted wells on said pncpperty;and aocurately showing to scale all adjoining surrounding properties and wells. Such a;lplicationshall be veri- fied by some person acquainted with the facts, stating that all facts therein statedsre within the knowledge of the sffiant true and that the accompanying plat is accurately drawn to scale and correctly reflects all pertinent and required data. Such exception shall be granted only after at least ten (10) days' notice to all adjaoent lessees affected thereby has been given, and after public hearing at which all interested parties may appear and be hesrd, and after the Commission has determined that an exoeption to such rule is necessary either to prevent waste or to protect property belonging to the applicant from confiscation. All pending applicants shall be amended to conform to this rule before being acted upon. "SECTION (B). In order to prevent waste or to prevent the confiscation of property, the Railroad Commission of Texas may upon its own motion or order, izsuc or grant a permit or permits for the drilling of anywells or wells for oil or gas nearer than nine hundred thirty-three (933) feet to any well completed in or drilling tc the same horieon on the same tract or farm, and nearer than three hundred thirty (330) feet to any property line, lease line or subdivision line as hereinbefore prescribed whenever the Commission shall determine that the drilling o P any such well or wells is necessary to pre- vent waste or to prevent the confiscation of proper@. When in the opinion or judgment of the Conmission waste or confiscation of property is reasonabl;r imminent or is taking place on any leasehold, the Commission may, on its own initiative or motion, order a hearing for the purpose of determining whether such waste or confiscation of property is taking place. Such permit or per- mits shall be issued or granted only after at least ten (10) days' notice to the owners of said leasehold and to -11 a4jaoentlessees affected thereby has been given, and after public hearing at which all interested parties may appear and be heard and after the Conmission has determined that the drilling ,- Ron. Olin Culberson, page 3 (O-7068) of sny well or wells for oil or gas is necessary either to prevent waste or to protect the cnmersof said leasehold from confiscation. "SECTION(C). In filing BERM 1 as hereinabove provided ,it shall not be neo- essary to file more than one plat. "SECTION ,D). In the interest of protecting life, andfor the purpose of preventing waste and preventing the oonfiscation of property, the Connnission reserves the right in particular oil and gas fields .to enter special orders increasing or decreasing the minimum distanoes provided by this rule. "SECTION (E). No well' drilled in violation of this rule without special per- mit obtained, issued or granted in the manner presoribed in said rule, and no well drilled under suoh speoial permit or on the Cons&&on's own order which does not oonfonn in all respects to the terms of suah permit shall be permitted to produce either oil or gas, and aqy such well so drilled in vio- lation of said rule, or on the Commission*s own order shall be plugged. "SECTION (F). This rule shall in no wise^resaind, abrogate or modify the provisions of special orders applicable to the spacing of wells in partiou- lar fields requiring minWnn spacing distanoes either greater or smaller than provided herein. "SECTION (G). This rule shall become effective February 18, 1943, and so remain until changed by order of the Ccmnnission. "In the adoption and promulgation of this order, it is here deolared that the Commission intends to adopt eaoh phrase, sentence and paragraph separ- ately and independently of each other such phrase, sentence and paragraph and if any portion of this order or alrgportion of the rule hereby adopted shall be declared invalid, such declaration and suoh invalidity shall not affeot any other portion." w special order dated May 29, 1934, known as the "subdivision rule," the Railroad Commission provided* "IT IS ORDERED lhe Railroad Commission of Texas, That in applying Rule 37 (Spacing Rule 7 of Statewide application and in applying every special rule with relation to spacing in every field in this State, no subdivision of property made subsequent to the adoption of the original spaoing rule will be oonsidered in determining whether or not any property is being confiscated within the terms of such spacing rule, and no subdivision of property will be regarded in applying such spicing rule or in determining the matter of oonfiscation if such subdivision took place subsequent to the promulgation efldadoption oftie original spaoing rule. "IT IS SO ORDERRD, This the 29th day of&y, Ad. 1934." It is observed from a carefuf reading of Rule 37 that there is no express provision in the rule which would limit its operation to oil fields Zen. Olin Culberson, page 4 (o-7068) or proven territory. It is obvious that if the rule is not so limited, then by its very terms and provisions, awons desiring to drill a well for oil or gas anywhere in the State of Texas must comply with the rule, and if the pro- posed looation of the well is nearer than 350 feet of am property line, lease line, or subdivision line, then such wsll may be drilled under onsof the exoep- tions to the rules By its terms the Commission has stated that such an exomp- tion will be granted only after notiae and hearing. The notice provision of the rule is in oomplianbe with Art. 6036a, Vernon's Annotated Civil Statutes, and is mandatory. Rabbit Creek Oil Company vs. Shell Petroleum Corporation, 66 S. E. (2d) 737; Sun Oil Company vs. Railroad Comnission, 68 S.W. (2d) 609, reversed on other grounds, 126 Tex. 269, 84 8.W. (2d) 693; Gulf Land Company VS. Atlantic Refining Company, 134 Tex. 59, 131 S.W. (2d) 73. The view that the rule has no application to unproven territory seems to have orieinated in the eqressions of Assooiate Juetioe Blair of the 3rd Court of Civil Appeals. In his opinion in the Rabbit Creek Oil Compaw case, supra, page 739, he states: "Exceptions are only neeeasary after the particular field has been proved. . . .s (Emphasis ours) The foregoing expression in the Rabbit Creek Oil Company ease, however, in the opinion of this Beparhaent, is merely diotum not necessary to a decision of the Case. This for the reason that the applioation in that ease was for an exception in the East Texas Oil Field after its disaovery, and the case deals with the matter of goving notioe to interested parties of hearings held on such-exceptions. It holds that the issuanoe of a pensit tithout notice and hearing is invalid. Again, in Er. Justice Blair's dissenting opinion insthe case of Sun Oil Company VS. Railroad Commission, 68 S.W. (2d) 609, 614-622, the follow- ing expressions are founds "In each oil and gas circular promulgated bythe oonrmissionsince the above amendment in March, 1923, rule 37 has been designated as a 'general rule," althoueh it has always exempted proven salt dome fielda and'-hasalways been ~. 't. eonstrued by the oonsni&sionas having no.appliontion to'unproven or wildoat - fields. . . ." (Emphasis ours) "Sinoe'this is true. and sinoe saoh rules neoessarily vary in different oil fields, and sinoe they are subject to frequent variations and ohange at aq time end have no application to 'unproven fields,* the rules in foroe at the time the oil is souaht to be produoed should be auplieiI: and the aommis- sion has always so construed and applied its spaoing rules and regulations. The oommission has never assumed the power or authority to deprive any owner of his oil and gas estate in land by any spacing rule for oil wells, Eaoh such rule has from its inception and as a part of it provided for an exaep tion 'to protect vested rights.'" (Emphasis ours) . - Hon. Olin Culberson, page 5 (o-7068) “If the majoritg view is correct, and 5-fappellees in these suits were required to take cogniaranceof and contraot with reference to rule 37 as promulgated in 1919, then they would be compelled to ascertain whether their lands were locab ed in an unproven oil field, or whether, if in an oil field, it was a 'salt dome field,' because in either instance rule 37 would have no application under its own terms and the oonstrcotion uniformly given it. But, nokithst&&ing the rule has no application to unproven fields, or salt dome fields, nor the faot that no oil field RYM in prospeat or had been though of where the lands of appelles are situated until long after rule 3'7was adopted, still the major- ity view requires that they or that 'all parties leasing land subsequent tc its promulgation . . . must contract with reference to this settled rule.' . o .I1 These expressions of Mr. Justiae Blair are found in a dissenting. opinion and do not refleot the viem of the majority. The holding of the major- ity was that the lease of a 2.59 acre portion of a much large traat of land, capable of development in compliance with the spacing rule. maa an unlawful subdivision in derogation of the spaoing rule. The 2.59 awe traot was held not entitled toconsideration as a traot separate and apart frcmthe larger tract frcmwhioh it was divided. The dicta of Mr. Justioe Blair expressed in the Rabbit Creek ease and in the Sun Oil Company ease seem to have orystallised in his holding in Shell Petroleum Corporation VS. Railroad Ccnm&ssion, 116 S.W. (2d) 439, writ dismissed. In his opinion in that oaee, the broad statement is made that: "Neither rule 37 of the so-called state-wide application as promulgated by the Railroad Commission in 1919, nor 8~ amendment thereto, nor any special rule 37 has a~ applioation to territory not known nor antioipated to be productive of oil or gas; and the rule inhibiting voluntary subdivision of lands which could have been developed as a whole in order to ciroumvent the provisions of rule 37 has no application to subdivisions of lands prior to the discowry of oil and gas in the terr%tary where the lands are located. . . . "The Railroad Ccmnission has oontinueusly interpreted rule 37 as having no appli- oation to unproved territory. It did promulgate an order in Ray, 1934, wherein it is prcvided that no subdivision of lands after the so-called state-wide rule 37 was prcmulgated in 1919 would be considered in determining whether or not urncerty is being 'confiscated* within the meaning of that t.nn as used in the spacing rule. Whatever construction may be plaaed upon this order as applying to subdivisions after 1919, it is operative only as to oil fields that have been discovered prior to the time of +be subdivision, because in 1932 the Legislature enacted a statite, declaratory or expository in its nature, whiah provided in effect that the Railroad Commission is without authority or power to restrict or in aqy manner 1Mt the drilling of wells for the purpose of ex- ploring for oil or gas in territory not known to produce either oil or gas. Chapter 2, section 2, Ahats 1932, 42nd Leg., 4th c.S. p. 3, and wended in other partioulars by Acts 1935, 44th Leg., oh. 76, section 3, p. 180, Vernon's Am. Civ. St. art. 6014a. So it is immaterial whether this act be regarded as expository, expressang the view of the Legislature that the commission has never had the power or authority to restrict the drilling of wells in terri++ery - . Hon. Olin Culverson, page 6 (o-7068) not kncmn to produce oil and gas3 or whether the aot be considered as of that time withdrawing from the Railroad Ccnmxissionthe pcwer to apply a spacing rule regulating aella in a fvritory not tican or anticipated to be productive of either oil or gas3 bemause uuder eitherview, the ocemnissicnis without authority to restriatwells for ail or gas in territory not kucwn to be produc- tive of oil or gas." Takenat faoe value, this statement muld seem to be a dire& ens- wer to your first question. It is not heli~ed, however, that the court intend- ed to announce an interpretation of Rule 37 so far reaohing. On m&ion for re- hearing in this case, F&. Justioe Raugh stated: "The writer concurs in the disposition of thi8 appe&l made in the original opin- ion herein by Associate Justioe BLAIR; and in his conelusion that the voluntary subdivision rule originally announced by this court in Deomnber, 1933, and Janu- ary, 1934 (see the several rule 37 ease8 reported in68 S&'2d 609-628, supra), should not and does not apply to inatrnoes where one in good faith acquires fee title to land in unproven territorg~ and suoh aoqnisition was not in contempla- tion of oil d-?WelopmeBt. Hcmever, the writer does not acnstrus the prcvisionr of chapter 2, section 2, Acts 1932, 4th Cd. 42Bd Leg., as amended by Acts 1935, 44th Leg., c. 76, g 3, VerBoB*s Ann. Civ~ St. art. 6014a, as limiting or govern- ing the rules and regulationacf the Railroad Cemnissio~ in itu administration of the conservation lam. I awour in the oonstmiot;lonof these acts given %y Chief Justioe MoLendon, in R& 8670, TI P. rash et alslv. Shell Petroleum Cor- poration et al., Tex. Give App., SoWe 2d -, this day decided. I deem it advisable to nake this stct that there mey he ac misapprehension about the respective views of ttfiedifferent members of this court." It mill be noted that Mr. Justioe Eangh limited his hciding (that the rule does not apply to unproven territory) to inataneas where one in good faith aoquires fee simple tc land in unprcvemterritory and suoh acquisition is not in contemp~tiOB of oil development* He fui+lmr h&lb that Art. 6014a, Vernon's Am. Civ. Stat., referred ta by Rr. Justice Raugh, isnot to be inter- preted as limiting the Railroad Colmaissionin its applioation of the spaoing rule. The views of Chief Justiae M&lend-, also sitting on the 3rd Court of Civil Appeals at that ime, are given in the eaee of Nash VS. Shell Petrole- 2d) 522, writ dismissed. His holding is limited to um Ccrporation, 127 S.H. t; the voluntary subdivision-rule. It is thatnhere title to a tract of land is segregated by deed conveying fee simple title on Rcvember 14, 1929, about a year before the discovery of oil in the East Terrs Field, such land is not with&n the subdivision rule and an applicant is W&itled as a matte r of law to drill one well on the tract. Chief Justice McClendon further held that he did not cocur in tie holding of Mr. Justioe Rlair in Shell Petroleum Corporation VS. Railroad Commission, supra, that Art. 6014a deprived the Ccumdssion of the power to apply rule 37 to other than proven territory. Hon. Olin Culberson, page 7 (O-7068) Another ease decided by the 3rd Court of Civil Appeals is also perti- nent to your f'rst question. In Shell Petroleum Corporation vs. Railroad Comm- ission, 133 6. # . (2d) 194, write refused, Mr. Justioe Ibgh held that where lands are leased expressly for the purpose of oil development, Rule 37 and the subdivi- sion rule are appliaable to such lands, notwithstanding that the area involved is not proven territory. He said: s. . . lbtwhere lands are leased expresslyfor the purpose of oil developent, an entirelv different situation is Dresented. In the latter instance. whether the lease -ke in proven territory or-not, the~oonservation laws bsacmeWa~ ble tothe subsequent develoment thereof; and the rights of the parties become referable to the rubs and regulations of the Conmission governing the develop- ment of the urowrtv ** - which the lessor himself contemnlated and whhiohhe reauiied of the lessee. Nash v. Shell Pet. Corp., supra. Wier these oiroumstanoe;, application of the provisions of the rule, as a conservation msa*ure, is asesssn- tial in a given area before the disaovery of oil as it would bs after such dis- oov6ry.s (Emphasis ours) Further illustrating the 314 Court of Civil Appeals'interpretation of the sukdivision rule is the following: * . . . IIIoonsequenee, puestlon '1' must be answered in the negative under the several deoisions holding t II. 2d 439. error dismissedx Rash v. Shell Pet. Corp., Tex. Civ. App.. 120 S.H. 522, error dismissed; Shell Pet. Cor . v. Railroad‘C&ission, T&i Civ. App., 120 S.H. 2d 526, error dismissed." PEmphasis ours) (Wenolcervs. Railroad C&&sion of Texas, 149 S.H. (2d) 1009) The attention of the Commission is invited to the statement in each of Judge Blair's opinions to the effect that "the Railroad Cammission has oontinuo- usly interpreted rule 37 as having no application to unproven territory." Long standing administrative interpretation of rules and regulations is persuasive in passing upon the intent of the regulatory body. Ws have not been advised by the Conmission as to the aoeuracy of such expresssions, and note the statement in your letter to the effect that, "The polioy of the Commission has always been to set down for hearing any notice of intention to drill a wildcat well whioh is nearer than 330 feet to the properly or lease line as an exception to Rule 37, which is the spacing rule." All of Judge Blair's expressions are found in his opinions prior to the opinion of the majority of tha Court in Shell Petroleum Corporation VS. Railroad Consaission,133 S.H. (2d) 194, which opinion was ap- proved by the Supreme Court by its refusal of a writ of error. The holding in the Shell cmee is clear, and we therefore assume that the Consaissionhas had no such administrative interpretation of F&&e 37 since the date of the Shell opin- ion, hbvmber, 1939. Hen. Olin Culberson, Page 5 (O-7068) It is believed that the praatieal effeot of these holdings may be stated a8 follows: (1) that ths vekntarg division rule does not apply to the oonveyanoe of lend by fee transfer ooourring prior to ,*e disowery of oil, when not nude in contemplation of oil development: (a) that when an interest in the subsurface estate in land is conveyed by lease or other means oontsm- plative of oil development, whether the oonveyaxxoe%e in ~reven territory or not, the aonservation law8, inoluding Rule 57 and the suWivi+sion rule, be- come applioable to the subsequent develoIssentof'the land. Therefore, in answerto your first quo&ion, me hold and you are ad- vised, that a lessee under an oil and gae leaee may a& undertaketo drill a weI1 on a tract of land not susoeptible of deveeat in keeping nit% the spaoiag distanoes reoited in statewide Rule p7 without first applying to the Con&s&on for a permit under an exoeption to Rule 37 and having notioe issue and hearing held as therein provided. libhoId thie to bs true notwithstanding the evidence adduced at the hearing may show that such le8ree is entitled to drill such well as a matter of right. This for the reaaoa that the Legislature has designated the Railroad Cwmission as the body whose duw~it is-primarily to determine suoh faots. Gulf Land Company VS. Atlantio Refining Company, 134 Ten. 59, 131 S.11; (2d) 7% It is believed that the answer to your second question, whether the Commission may require more then the filing of a notiee ef intention to drill in an area that does not yet have production, is to some extent, at least, emIn-aoed *i&in our an*wer to your first question. Railroad Cmmuis8ion Rule Roe 9 presently in foree and effeot reads as follow§: "(a) NOTICE OF INTENTION TO DRILL OR DEEPEB. Rotioe shall begiven to the Railroad Commission of the state of Tezmnsof the intention to drill or deepen any oil or gas ~11 and of the exaot location of each andevery suoh well. Suoh notioe shall be given by filing in duplioate Fans 1 of the Connsission,attaahed hereto end made a part hereof with the Deputy Supervisor of the Railroad Consmissionin the ConsaissionDistrict where the well or wells are looated. The location of any wild- oatwell shall be given by specifying the distsnoe of same from at least two (2) of the lines of the survey within which it is to ‘bedrilled. In no oase shall drilling operations be commenced until the expiration of at least five (5) days after the filing of Form 1 hereinabrat mentioned. Ro permit to drill ary well or wells for oil or gas shall be required by the Cosssissionexcept for such wells as may be drilled under exoeptions to Rule 57 of statewide application or as-exceptions under special field rules governing the drilling of any well or wells which have been or may hereafter be @opted %y the Railroad Cummission. *It is further ordered that all notioes of intention to drill or deepen aqy well or wells under and as exceptions to Rule 37 of statewide application, or speoial rules governing the drilling of any well or aells in ary partioular oil field, or under any amendments thereto, shall be filedem Form 1, hereby adopted as a part of this order, with the Deputy Supervisor of the Railroad Colmnissionin the ConmxLs- sion district where the well or wells ars located. ,4 Hon. Olin Culherson, page 9 (o-7068) ePrwided further that it shall not be necessary to file more than one plat or sketah as provided for in Form 1 hereinahwe mentioned, and adopted by the corn- mission." B :addition t0 ':henotice of intention to drill required by rule g, there are maqy other rules and regulations that have been established v the Railroad CosmuLssionof statewide application that are intended to govern drill- ing operations in the event no speoial rules for a partioular area have been promulgated. We have examined many of these rules and regulations a& find in none of them an exception limiting their operations to proven territory. Para- phrasing Mr. Justice Saugh in Shell Petroleum vs. Railroad Commission, supra, it would seem tc be just as important from a conservation standpoint that these rules be applied in a given area before the discovery of oil as it would be after such discovery. The interests of the State to be subserved, the prevention of fire hasards,the proteation of underground strata and the surface of land from percolating waters, and the proteotion of adjoining proprty owners, would seem to be the same. It is just as~important so far as the oonservation polioies of the State ars oonoerned that its conservation Paivsand rules and regulations of the Railroad Commission be applied to the first or wildcat operations in a field as to subsequent operations after the field has bean proved. We interpret your second question, therefore, as asking whether or not the Railroad Consnissionhas been delegated authority bythe Legislature to make such regulations.effective in tild- aa& areas. The only limitation imposed by the Legislature we have found is that contained in Art. 6014a of Vernon's Ann. Civ. Stat. reading as follows: "Rothing in this Act shall be construed as granting to the Comnission aqy power or authority to restrict, or in any manner limit the drilling of wells for the purpose of exploring for arude petroleum oil or natural gas or both in territory not known to produce either suoh oil or gas." The act referred to in the foregoing quotation is Chapter 2 of the Acts 42nd Leg., 4th C.S. pages 3-10. That act was a very comprehensive one amending several of the artioles appearing in Title 102 >f the Revised Civil Statutes of Texas, 1925, conferring broad authority upon the Railroad Conmission in the mat- ter of regulating the production, storage, end transportation of oil and gas. Two of the articles amended by the act of the 42nd Legislature were Articles 6014 and 6829, the former defining what shall constitute "waste," and the latter speo- ifying the duty of the Railroad Commission to make and enforce rules, regulations, and orders for the oonsnrvation of oil and gas for a number of stated purposes. As stated in answer to your first question, a majority of the present Court of Civil Appeals has held that the limitation contained in Art. 6014a has no application to the Railroad Conmission Rule 37, the Court stating: "The purpose of this amendment was clearly to deny the Corsnissionpower to pre- vent or restrict oil development in unproven territory. The spacing rule is not a. in any proper sense a prevention or restriotion upon drill! It is merely one of a number of regulations towhich all ene*aged in oil development must conform. To apply the amendment to the spacing rule would make it possible by dividing up leases into small tracts in advance of drilling to circumvent the rule entirely . - Hon. Olin Cul.berson, page 10 (O-7069) in subsequently proven territory. It IS not lmliemd that the amendment map- ifests any such~legislative intent.' lQssh7.vb+~On&rW.en, fZ0: S.W, (2d) 522&mS:dimissed) (Gphasis am) & even more limited Interpretation of &t. 60148 is contained in the opinion of Mr. Justioe Baugh in Shell Petrolti Corporation VII.Railroad Comnie- sion, 116 S.W. (2d) 439, 441, wherein he statesa . . .R (Fbphasis ours) In answer tu your seaond question, in vimf of Art. 6014a, we advise you that if a partioular rule of statewide applic8tioa dees not have ihe effeot of pre- venting or unreasonably restrioting drilling,eper&ic%w interritorg not known to produce either 011 or w, tthw suak rule or ngnlat%ao'applles to such territory even in unproven territory unlbss,~‘bgi%e terms and prwlaiins,:.it is clear that the Railroad Comuissioa had a oontnary inteab Tours very truly ATTORUEY aExEF& OF TJsxhs &y /8/ JPme# D. Smuller! APPROVED F'EB6, 1946 /s/ Carlos Ashley James D.~Smullen FIRST ASSISTART A Aaeistanf ATTORNFX GEMERAL JDS:jtregw