Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion

Se&rotary of State Austin, Texas Attention: Mr. Horace B. Seasiona, Seaurities Commiasloner Dear Sir: Opinion No. O-6311 He: The Texas Seaurlties Act Is applicable to an employees retire- ment plan sponsored by a private aorp- oration. We have reoeived your recent request for an opinion, and quote same as followa: "We have reoently received a request for an opinion oonoerningthe applioabilltyof the Texas Seourlties Aat to the solicitationof oontributions in an employee8 retirement plan. "The essential provisions of the retirement plan are: "(1) Eligibility of all employees with five or more years of servloe vlth the aorporationto a-e under the Plan. "(2) Participationin the Plan oPtIona with the employees, and to be evidenced by an enrollment form agreeing to the provisions of the Plan, author- izing salary deduationsand naming a beneficiary. “(3) Normal retirement at age 65, with earlier retFrement optional in certain instances. "(4) Emplogees~ contributionshould be 2$ of salary up to $3,000, and 4% of salary ln'excesa of $3,000. . Secretary of State, Page 2 (o-6311) “(5) Rmployee's deposit to be returned with 2$ Interest In any event. “(6) Past service benefits for years prior to institution of Plan In excess of five, and aurrent servloe benefits after Institution of Plan, both to be paid in accordancewith formula set forth under the Plan. “(7) Action as to the manner of reoeiving the retirement lnaome provided from past and ourrent servFoe benefita, in aoaordanoe tith pro- visions of the Plan. “(8) Admlnistratlonof the Plan by a Retirement Plan Committee appointed by Board of Dlreators. "(9) Guarantee by employer to contributesuffl- oient funds to return employees' depoalts with 2% interest acmpoundedannually, but no guarantee by employer corporationIn exceaa of such amount. "(10) HodlfFcatFon or terminationof the Plan at wFl1 of corporatlon,exoept a8 to provlsion for repayment of the employees' contributionsplus @ interest oompoundedannually. "The essential provisions of the +PruatAgreement under which the funds depoarltedunder the Plan are to be administeredare: "(1) Deposit with the Trustee at the dlreotion of thee.RetirementPlan Gemmlttea of the funds deposited by the employees apd the employer ourporation. "(2) Payments of the funda of the Plan to bene- fialarle6thereunder at the dLreation of the Retirement Plan Committee. “(3) Investment of the trust funds by the Trustee in seaurities which are at the time legal investmentsfor life insurance aompanies under the laws of the State of Rev York, except Apia othertise dlreoted by the,Board of Direatora of the corpoPatiOn. "(4) Hodifioation of the Trust Agreement In aooordanae with the provisions of the Retirement Plan at the will of the employer oorporation. Secretary of State, Rage'3 (O-6311) "(5) Report by the Trustee to the oorporatlon annually oovering its investmehts,reoelptslanddls- bursements of the trust fund. 'We have been unable to find any Texas oases or an opinion of,the Attorney General whioh would assist us In determiningwhether or not seourlties,iasuedunder suoh plan might be exempt under one of the speciflo ex- emptions contained in Seatlons 3 and twenty three of the Texas SeauritiesAct. It does not appear that any of ,the spealflc exemptions contemplatedan organizationof this oharaater,and slnoe Ft appears that there will be a number of plans of a sFmFlar nature organized and operated in Texas, we should appreciate an opinion from you concerning whether aontributlonsto suoh,a plan would require registration or whether such securFtSes might be exempt from the neoessity of registrationunder one of the exemptions provided by Section 3 and 23 of the Act. "We enclose herewith a copy of the proposed retire- ment plan and trust agreement under which the funds of the plan will be administeredfor your considerationIn oonneotionwith this request for an oplnton, and we should appreciatethe return of these Instrumentsafter you have finished with them." We understand from additional oommunicatlons~wlthyou, that the corporationreferred to In your Inquiry is a private oorporatlonoperating under a charter or permit in this State for profit. Subsection (a), Se&ion 2, of Article 600a, V. A. C. S., (The SecuritiesAat) gives the following.deflnltlon: "The term 'security'or 'securities'shall in- clude any share, stock, treasury stock, stock certif- ioate under a voting trust agreement, collateral trust certlfloate,equipment trust oertiflcate,pre- organizationcertlfloateor receipt, subscriptionor reorganizationcertificate,note, bond, debenture, mortgage certificate or other evidence of Fndebted- ness, any form of commeroialpaper, oertifioateIn or under a proffFtsharing or participationagree- ment, certificateor any Instrumentrepresenting any interest in or under an oil, gas, or mining Searetary of State, Page 4 (O-6311) , lease, fee or title, or any oertlfioateor ln- strument representingor seoured by an interest in any or all of the aapital, property, assets,,' profits or earnings of any oompany, investment contract, or any other instrument commonly known as a seourlty, whether similarto those herein referred to or not." It Is apparent that the first question raised by your query is whether or not the proposed rstFrement plan oomes wlthin the definltlon of "security"or "securltLesH. Inwol. 38, Words and pbraaem, on pages 470 and 471, the following Is said; "@enorally,any form of instrumentused for purpose of financing and promoting eWterpPl.aesj whloh is designed for investment,Is a ‘security’ within statute authorizinginvestigationsby Attorney Gieneralof apparent fraud In sale of securities." General Business Law, paragraph 352, subd. 1. In re Waldstein, 291 hX3. 697, 160 Miaa. 763. "The term 'seouritylhas no exactly defined legal definition. Qenerioally,the word has refer- enoe to written Instruments,usually for the pay- ment of money or bvldenoes of a debt, and being more than a mere promise of the debtor of a general lia- bility on his part, but having as collateralto it a pledge of property or some addFt$onal obligation. Blackstone speaks of a bill of exchange as a secur- ity, which he says was originallyInvented among merchants~In different countries for the more easy remlttanoe of money from one to the other. In aalling it a security,probably he bad in mind the fact that a bill of exohange may oonsist of several personal obllgatlons,which makes more certain or seaure the primary obligation. By common usage,' however, the term has acquired a much broader sig- nlfiaation. It is now generally used to refer to Instrumentsfor the payment of money, or evidencing title or equity, with or without some collateral obligation,and whioh are aemmeply dealt In for the purpose of flnanolng and investment. By modern business methods, those instrumentswhich are used to facilitatedealing in aommodities,suoh as short term notes, bills of lading, bills of ex- obange and all the other Inventions of the commercial Seerotary of State, Page 5 (o-6311) banker, are not referred to as seooritiea,al- though.theymay be collaterallyscoured in some WY. Those lnstrnments,however, secured or unseoured,whioh are~used for the purpose of financing enterprisesand promoting a distrl- bution of rights in or obligationsof such en- terprises,and whloh are designed as a meana of investment,are termed seaurities. Thus, oertlfioatesof stock are now regarded as seourFtles,although they but represent a share of the ,oapltalstock of a corporation,the Interest of the owner in the management of the corporation,and his interest in its surplus assets upon Lts dissolution. In generaiL,, It may be said that any form of Instrumentused for the purpose of finanoing and prcmotFng enterprises,and which is designed for invest- ment, is a seaurltg acoording to the modern meaning of that ,term.' We believe the Issuance of said enrollment forms of agreement to partialpateIn the Retirement Plan, constitutes issuanae of "seaurltles",as that term Is defined In The SecuritiesAot. Surely they are "evidenceof indebtedness", inasmuch as the terms of said Plan provide that in no case shall a partialpantbe entitled to less than his deposits s interest thereon at two per cent per annum oompounded mally; ual h 1 d heth he with& aws his member- ship voluntar?ly(l d~e~"~~~or~e!,itse~isbenefitsbefore maturity of the Plan. In oase he participatesuntil maturity, he stands to realj.zea substantialreturn on his investment,but thla return Fs by no means certain. The prime purpose of the Plan is to "aeaure"the participanta return or profit on his In- vestment. Section 5 of said Artic,le6ooa provides, in part, as follows: "Blodealer, agent or salesman shall sell or offoF for sale any securitiesissued after the passage of this Act; except those which come wlth- in the alasses,enumerated in Subdivisions (a) to (q), both inclusive, of Section 3 of this Act, or Subdivisions (a) to (F), both inclusive of Section 23 of this Aat, until the issuer of such securities 'shallhave been granted a permit by the Secretary Secretary of State, page 6 (O-6311) of State, and no such permit shall be granted by the Searotary of State until the issuer of suoh aeaurities shall have filed with the Secretary of State a sworn statement verified under the oath of an executive officer of the Issuer and attested by the Secretary thereof, setting forth the following Information: . . ." Seation 3 of said Artlale 600a, provides as follows: "Exempt transactiona. Except aa hereinafterin this Act speciflcallyprovided, the provl~ions of this Aot shall not apply to the sale of any security when made In any of the following transactionsand under any of the following conditions,and the company OF person engaged therein shall not be deemed a dealer within the meaning of this Aot; thatis to nay, the provisions of this Aot shall not apply to any aale, offer for sale, solicitation,subsorip- tion, dealing In or delivery of any seaurlty under any of the following transactionsOF oonditiona: "(a) At any judioial, exeoutaP'a,administrator's, guardian's OP oonservatcrlsnale, or any sale by a re- aelvesr OP truatee in Insolvency or bankruptoy. e sale by or for the account of a pledge holdet(z ZEPtgagee selling or offering for sale cr delivery in the ordinary course of business, to liquidate a bona fide debt, of a seourity pledged in good faith as seourity for such debt. "(c) Sales of securitiesmade by, or in behalf of a vendor In the ordinary couPpIeof bona fide personal investment of his personal holdings, or change of such investment,If such vendor ia not otherwiseengaged either permanentlyor temporarily in selling securities,provided, that In no event shall suoh sales or offeringsbe exempt from the provls$ons of this Act when made or intended,either directly or Fndireatly,for the benefit of any com- pany or aorporationwithin the purview of this Act. "(d) The distributionby a corporationof securities direct to its stockholdersaa a stook dividend or other distributionpaid out of earnings OP surplus. Secretary of State, Page 7 .(p6311) "(e) The sale of,au increase of eapltal steak of a ,ooFporatlononl,yto its,sto,ckholders and wlth- out payment of any aoximissioa or expense to any officer, employee, broker or agents, and without incurring auy liablllty for any expenses whatsoever In aonneotlonwith such distribution. "I ~The issue'iu good faith of securitiesby a company to its seaurity holders, or creditors,In the process of a bona fide reorganizatFonof the company made In good faith, or the issue Fn good faith of securitiesby a company, organ$zed solely for the purpose of taking over the assets and con- tinuing the business of a predeoessorccaspany,to the seaurity holders OP creditors of suah predecessor company, prmvlded that in either such case such aecur- ities are issued in exahange for the securities~of such holders or claim of suah creditors, or both, and in either such aase such securFty holders OP creditors do not pay or give OP promise and are not obligated to pay or give any considerationfor the seourities so issued other than the securities of OP olaims against sald company OP its predecessor tben held OP owned by them. "(g) The transfer or exchange by, or on account of, one corporationto another or 'to its stockhold- ers of their or Its own securitiesin connectionwith a proposed consolidationOF merger of such corpora- tlon, or in oonnectlonwith the change of par value stock to non-par value stock or vice versa, OP the exahange of outstandingshares for a greater or smaller number of shares, provided that in such case such stockholdersdo not pay or give or promise and are not obligate'dto pay OP give any consideration for the securities so transferredor exchanged other than the securities of said aorporationthen held by them. "(h) The sale by a domestic corporationof Its stook forfeited for a delinquentassessment,acaord- lng to law. "(I) The sale'to any~bank, trust company~,loan and brokerage corporation,building and loan associ- ation insurance company, surety or guar,antyaompany, ~savingainstitution or to any registered dealer, provided such dealer is actually engaged in buying and selling securities. Secretary of State, Page 8 (o-6311) "(j) The sale by any domestla corporationof its stoak or other seauritiesissued in good faith and not for the purposeiof avoiding the provisions of this Act, 80 long a8 the total number of stock- holders and seourity holders of said corporation does not and will not after such sale exceed twenty-five (25) and the securitiesare issued and disposed of without the use of advertisements, olraulars,agents, salesmen, sollcltors,or any form of publia solicitation. "(k) The sale of an interest In any partner- ship, pool, or other company, not a corporation,~ the total membership of which does not and will not after such sale exaeed ten (lo), and the organizationexpenses of which do not or will not exceed two (2) per cent of the total invested capital of such company. "(1) Subscriptionsto aapital stock necessary to qualify for incorporationwhen subscribedby not more than fifteen (15) Fnaorporatorsin a pro- posed Texas oorporatlon. "(m) Wherein the seouritleadisposed of con- sist exclusively of note8 or bonds secured by mortgage or vendor's lien upon'real estate or tangible personal property, and the entire mortgage is sold or transferredwith all of the notes or bonds seoured thereby in a single transaatlon. "(n) Any security or membership issued by a oorporationorganizedexcluslveLyfor eduaational, benevolent,fraternal, oharitable,OP reformatory purposes and not for peaunlary profit, and no part of the net earning8 of whloh inures to the benefit of any atookholder,shareholder,or individual member, and where no commission or remunerationis paid OP given or is to be paid or given in con- neation with the dispositionthereof. "(0) The sale by the issuer, itself, of any securitiesthat are issued by a State or NatiQnal Bank, by a trust company, or building and loan association organizedand operatingunder the laws of the State of TOXaB and subjeat to the super- vlslon of the Commissionerof Banking of the State of Texas, OP Federal Loan and Savings Aasoaiation, Seoretary of State, Page 9 (O-6311) or a oompany aubjeat to the supervisionof ~the Banking Commissionerunder Senate Bill No. 1.65, Forty-seaondLegislature. Provided, however, that all salesmen aoting for any bank, trust aampany, or oompany subjeat to the supervision of the Banking Commissionerunder Senate Bill Eo. 165, Forty-sbaondLegislature, in the sale of such seouritieswithin this State, shall be liaensed as provided in thLs Aot. "(p) The sale, by the issuer itself, of any seouritiesthat are issued by the United ,States, any political subdivision or agenay thereof, any territory or insular possession of the United States, the State of Texas, any State of the United States, the D$atriot of Columbia,,or by any aounty, oity, munioipal corporation,dlstriat or politiaal subdivisionof the State of Texas or any authorized agency of the State of Texas. "(q) The sale and laauanae of any seourities issued by any farmers1 oooperativeassoclatlon organized under Chapter 8 of Title 93, Artiales 5737-5764, lnolusive,Revised Civil Statutes of Texas as amended; and the sale of any securities Issued by any farmers' cooperativesooletg organ- izdd under Chapter 5 of Title 46, Artiales 2514- 2524, inalusive,Revised Civil Statutes of Texas. Provided, however, this exemption ahall not~be applicableto agents and salesmen of any farmers' oooperatlveassoelation of farmers' cooperative sooiety when the sale of such aecurlties is made to non-members,OP when the sale of auah securities Is made either to members OP non-membersand a aanmlssionis paid 'orcontractedto be paid to the said agent or salesmen." Se&Ion 23 of said Artlale 6ooa, provides as followzr "Exaept with referenae to exempt transactions profided for in Section 3 of this Aat, it shall be unlawful for any dealer, agent 0~ salesman to sell any securities or to issue or publish withln this State any oiroular, advertisement,pamphlet, pros- peotus, program, or other matter in conneotlonthere- with, oonoerningany seourlty or seauritles which suoh dealer handles or proposes to sell until suah Searotary of State, Page 10 (O-6311) dealer shall have been registered or temporary permission obtained as in this Act providedj provided however, that any suoh airaular, ad-' vertisement,pamphlet, prospeotus,program, or other matter in aonnectinntherewithmay include the names of non-registereddealers who have partlalpatedwith registered dealer3 in the original purohaae or underwrItIngof suoh secur- ities without being deemed to be in violation of this'Act, but if the mines of non-registered dealers are lnoluded thereon, then suoh oircular, advertisement,pamphlet, program or other matter in oonneotiontherewith shall bear a legend tbere- on in plain and legible type, stating that such seouritiesare being offered within the State of Texas only by such persons whose names are sub- scribed thereon as are registered dealers withlri the State of Texas. Unless the same ha8 reference to an exempt transaotionprovided for in Section 3 of this Aot, OP refers to any of the seaurltlea hereinafterexpressly exempted from this provision, It shall be unlawful for any dealer, agent or ~aales- man to Issue or publish within this State any oiroular,advertisement,pamphlet, prospectus, or other matter In oonneotiontherewith concerning any security or securitiesto be sold or offered for sale In this State unless the name of the dealer is subscribedthereto or rinted thereon and unless a true copy of such cfPcular, advertise- ment, pamphlet, prospectus or program, or other matter in connectiontherewith has first been filed in the office of the Secretary of State by the person or company about to Issue or publish the same OP baa been deposited In a United States Post Offioe, properly enclosed In an envelops addressed to the Secretary of State at Austin, Texas, with the postage duly prepaid thereof; provided, however, that In the Case of an ad- vertisementto be published In a newspaper OP other perlodioal,a oopy of 8uch advertisement taken from said publicationmay be mailed to the Searotary of State within twenty-four (241)hours after the first publiaationthereof; provided, further, that when offered for sale, or Bold, or dealt in by a registered salesman of a regis- tered dealer, this provision shall have no appllaationto any security Included within any of the following classes~ Seoretary of State, Page 11 (O-6311) "(a) Any seourity Issued or guaranteedby the United States or by any territory or insular pos- session thereof; or by the District of Columbia, or by any State or municipal corporationok poll- tiaal subdivlslonor agency thereof having the power of taxation or assessment. "(b) Any security issued or guaranteedby any foreign government with which the United State8 is atthe time of the sale, ok offer of sale thereof, maintaining diplomatiarelations, OP by any State, provlnae or political subdivlslonthereof having the power of taxation or assessment,which security is recognized at the time it Is offered for sale in this State as a valid obligationby such foreign government or by such State, province, or political subdivisionthereof Issuing the same, provided, how- ever, that such securitiesmust be on the list ap- proved by the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States. "(0) Any seourlty Issued by and representing an interest In ok a direct obligationof a natlonal bank, or of a governmentalagency created or exist- ing by an Act of Congress of the United States other than corporationscreated or existing under the Code of Laws for the District of Columbia OP under the Code of Law3 for any territory or possession of the United States. "(d) Any security issued OF guaranteedeither a8 to prinalpal, interest, or dividend, by a torpor- ation owning or operating a railroad OP any other public service utility; provided, that such corpora- tion is subject to regulation or supervisioneither as to its rates and charges or as to the issue of its own securitiesby the Railroad Commisslon of Texas, OP by a public comml33lon,board of officers, having like powers, of the Government of the United States, or of any State, Territory, or insular possessionthereof, OP of the DistrFot of Columbia, or of the Damlnion of Canada, or any province thereof; also equlpnent trust certificate3or equipment notes or bonds based on chattel mortgages, lease3 or agree- ments for conditionalsale of cars, motlve power or other rolling stock mortgages, leased or sold t0 OP furnished for the use of OP upon a railroad or other public service utility corporation,provided that such corporationis subjeot to regulation or super- Secretary of State, Page 12 (O-6311) vision as above;~or equFpment trust certificates, or equipment notes or bonds where the ownership or title of suoh equipment is pledged or retained in accordance with the provlsions of the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory or Insular possession thereof, or of the District of Columbia, or the Dominion of Canada, or any prov- inoe thereof, to secure the payment of such equip- ment trust oertifloates,bonds or notes. “(e) Any security Issued and sold by a domestic corporationwithout capital stook and not organFzed and not engaged in business for profFt. “(f) Securities whioh at the time of sale have been fully listed upon the New York Stock Exchange, the Chioago Stock Exchange, the Boston Stock Exohange, or upon any other recognized and responsible stock exchange whioh has been previously approved by the Secretary of State as hereinafterin this Section provided, and also all securitiessenior to, or if of the same issues, upon a parity with any securities so listed or representedby subscrlptlonrFghts whloh have been so listed, or evidence of indebtedness guaranteed by any company any stock of which Is so listed, such securitiesto be exempt only so long as such listing shall remain in effect and only so long as the exchange upon which such securitiesare so listed remains approved under the provisions of thFs Section, applicationfor approval by the Secretary of State may be made by any organized stook exohange In suoh manner and upon such forms as may be pre- soribed by the Secretary of State, but no approval of any such exchange shall be gFven unless the facts and data supplled with the applicationshall be found to establish: “(1) That the requirement8for the 1Fstlng of securitiesupon the exchange so seeking approval are such as to effect substantiallythe reasonable pro- tection to the public now existing In the case of exchanges herein approved. “(2) That the governing constitution,by-laws, and/or regulations of suoh exohanges shall require: 8earetary of State, Page 1,3 (O-6311) "1st: An adequate examination into the affaairs of the timer of the ssouritles which are to be listed before permitting trading thorein. '2nd: That the issuer of such securities,80 long as they be listed, shall periadicallyprepare, make public and furnish promptly to the exohange, appropriate fLnanala1, insame and profit and loss statements. "3rd: Securities listed and traded in on such exohange to be restrioted to those of ascertained, sound asset and/or inoornevalue. "4tht A reasonable surveillanoeof Its members, lnoludlng a requirement for periodical financial statements and a determinationof the financialre- sponsibilityof its members and the right and obli- gation in the governing body of suah exchange to suspend and/or expel any member found to be flnanoially embarrassed or irresponsibleor found to have been guilty of aisoondoot in his business dealings, or oonduot prejudiolalto the rights or Interests of his oust~s. 'The approval of any such exchange by the Secretary of State shall be made only after a reasonable hearing and investigation,and shall be by an order of approval upon a finding of faot substantiallyin aooordanoe with the requirements hereinabove ovidbd. The Secretary of State, upon ten (10$ days' notice and hearing, shall have power at any time to withdraw approval there- tofore granted by him to any such stock exohange, and thereupon securitiesso listed upon suoh exchange shall be no longer entitled to the bane-' fit of such exemption exoept upon the further order of said Secretary of State again approving such exohange. "(g) Ang secmltg issued or guaranteedbyand/or representingan Interest in or a direst obligationof a state bank or trust onmpany lnoorporatedunder the laws of and subject to the examination,8uperviaFon and control of any state or territory of the United Secretary of State, Page 14 (o-6311) Statesorany insular possession*.therebf;- or issued or guaranteed by any building and loan associationor savings Institution or by any Fnsuranoe company under the supervisionor control of the Banking or InsuranceDepartment of this State. "(h) Negotiable promissorynotes or commercial paper Issued in good faith and in the usual course of carrylng on and conductingthe business of th.e issuer, provided that such notes or commercial paper mature In not more than twelve (12) months from the date of issue. "(1) Notes, bonds, or other evidence of Fndebted- ness or certificatesof ownership which are equally and proportionatelysecured without reference or priority of one over another, and which, by the terms of ,the instrumentcreating the lien, shall continue to be so seoured by the deposit with a trustee of recognized responsibilityapproved by the Secretary of State of any of the seourltles specified in subsections (a) and (b), or of any of the securities,other than stock, specified in subseotlon (d) of this Section 23, such deposited securities,if of the classes desoribed in subseotlons (a) and (b) hereof, having an a gre ate par value of not less than one hundred and &en y 110) percent of the par value of the securities thereby seoured, and If of the class specified in sub- section (d) hereof, having an aggregate par value of not less than one hundred and twenty-five (125) per cent of the par value of the securitiesthereby scoured." We have carefully examined the statutoryexemptions above set out and are unable to find therein authority for exempting the issuer of the securitiesinoident to the pro- posed Retirement Plan from the requirementsof Section 5 of Article 600a, supra, other than that expressed in subsection (j) of said Section 3 of Art. 600a, wherein domestic oorpora- tions are allowed to sell their stook or other securities Issued in good faith and not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of the SecuritiesAct, so long as the total number of stockholdersand security holders of said corporationdoes not and will not after suoh sale exoeed twenty-five(25) and the securltlesare issued and disposed of without the use of ad9ertlsementscirculara,agents, salesmen, soll.cFtors, or any form of publio solioitation~ This is the only one of the statutory exemptionsthat might apply to the Retirement Plan in question. Seoretary of State, Page 15 (0-6311) Trusting the foregoing fully answera your inquiry, we herewith retnrn the instrumentssubmitted by you. Yours very truly, ATTORNEYGENERALOFTEXAS BY /s/Robert L. Lattimore,Jr. Robert L. Lattimore,Jr. Assistant RLL:rt:rpjs Attach. APPROVED FEB. 19, 1% 4%3~%%~2 ATTORNEYGENERAL APPROVED OPINION COMMITTEE BY /a/ JAR CHAIRMAN