Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion

A.. ,P

OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAE
AUSTlN .,
a@-=- -., i. + ;'
---
c !i,,j!

Eonomble C. E. Miller,QoPollorloner
'Peas UnemploymentComp8nratlonCoxnlasio
Austin,T8xae

mnhation of ihe aommiity inrrofar
imint ooasiw& or 0 hcm8 offsoe

the distristnmagei are ~auperihteadsnte,
rour ok Plm in nvciber.Wk'eaah anger-
intendsntis a group of Ladustrialag6ntsaop-
sieting of roux or five men, The mtmqger ia
responsiblerot the whole aietmt. mm mlper
inten&di is respuneiblefop a Mvlsfcrnof the
HonorableC. R. Miller,Pa&a 13

dlotrlot . The ageat ia responolblefor a
oubdiri~loa
of the euperlntrndent’r -.a.
*$aohageat is f'uraiahed with a debit
book whioh oontaln6the a8506 ana aaaresreo
of all poliop holaerawithin his aeblt or
axea of operatdm~. ae well a8 the polloy
numbersof all of the pollolssthe prduma
on whiah he is 0bargea with the duty of ool-
leothg. The debit book is &man& in mmh
a wuy uo to sot forth the aetaal route over
whloh the agent Dravelain the eolleotlon
or ihe px+utt~.
"On Xonduy,Tuaedayand t?Mawdny af
eaoh week, the ageat -8 oolluotlon& ZIe
odlr upon t&o polloyholder lndloatsab the
ilrst p&go ot his debit book) jðea OaL
upon the peraoaladleateaby the aemad go,
uad 60 on& Ha tramls over hla
route bLaay maaaa availableto E%&,-
1eots.t weekly pranlumr: dae. The ia88 that
ha la 80 engagedon thwo duyo does not mama
that he lr not llkewlsoohargednlth tha duty
or 8aUi.aalaouranoe,ba8h Aadu8trhl ema
0- lasuraaos,aathe~daysaade*rry
08her day. 0aThWJde.Y BrfddlJrand BatWlUY
the *gmt devote8 his &a #mra&ly 00 the
0d0 0t insurao~e or bath tppee. ot3 ~atiuday,
however,at least the t%rfit halr oi the day
is devotedto offioawork. This Sa8ucdag@f-
floe work ooasieteof.ths,ageatl*s ssttfagap
of his new bu&nea8, putMa& euah sew buaiaero
on rolto oheetrla.hlsfolio aaa sora~
igf of the register his la 866 s#bHw. Thuee
latter sheetaare eheets~ Iith nferelaoato
bueiaeesw&oh is dead beeaueeof the poXlay
holdat*sfailureto pay pa?embus. Liktise
on Saturdaymeming pAloh are plum4 la
ulveLq+esalong with reoslptbooks, aad toUoe
are btim06a to arrive at the amoua8 of the
debit or the agent ror the week bs.@uhe the
followlagltoaday morala& The amtuat.orthe
agent'8debit lrrarrivedat by aubtruofiag
his lapsedbuelaesofrom his new busina~&
HOaOZ?ablO
CL R. X%ller,.?88e5

"Jkohmorning,exo8ptXoaday'mrPing,
the agsnf 1s relulredto be preaent&t a
meetlagheld at 7r45 a.m. At euoh meeting
the agent take8 hls plooe nt hle a681~0a
de&c In the con&mayofrloloc,to be aiblres6ed
by the alatrlatmanagerand two other ladl-
rldualeaonmoted with tha oampaayselected
by the maaagerror the purpose. At theso
aeotiqe a roll call ie rlrst had. F.ch
ageat responds to hls nama with, that a
statmeat of tba mount or ladustrlalia-
eurauae writtenon ths pm~~o.0~~ day (in term
of the amountof weeklyprmlune)~ eeooad,
the amountof ordinaryla6uranoewrltteaon
the prwleue dayi third,oo&laotloa600.la--
duetrbl pollalesfor tha revieu~~ day; an$,
roourth,a0u00ti0nr 0110rdL-
ior the previousday. Ih additionto t%im
statmeate, the agent la required to annouam
snddoeetumounoehispledge of aoocng+llohma$
footha daydor~whiohhrir aa~Ml&
Thw, he anaouneeeoa Tuordayo and
we&edaye the emalatof ool.laatloMbB er-
peota to make on thoee daya, 80 well a8 the'
a5CUntOf iWWeaOar he.slgeotS to write, On
Thursdaya,Aldiiysand Satur&Qa,ha amiourieeu
mar&y hix pledgepuota or mrgsoiwd buslaesr
In the matter of wLJ.S.nalnsumno0, lx!mirrc
enco baingpada to oolleotloas, becauseool-
leotlonduty aover only the first three deya
as the week. If an agent is late la arrlring
a&e~w~:t~ he ie held up to ridiaule by
. If it Is n~oe~aerpfor him tie3
be abeaatfrcnnruoh meotlnghe oommaloatm
that feotito the maaager by telepjiomcm
other Jm6nE*
Upon the aajournraeatof this llbw?&~
burla&whloh the managerkm8 n&de urgentre-
quaat that the eupsrlntendentaand agents
got bueineas,eaoh rruper5ntsndelrt
ordLnaril,y
gatherawith 6 group of agmats la a rmtaurent
for ooffelso.Atthietima bueiacloa Lergcb.
afsouaaedana each agent la tola by the m&per-
ln%endentthe elaot tima aaa the mot place
 HonorableC. R. Mlliller,
Pago 4

at.whlohhe, the e~rintendULt, riu reti
the agent on the agent'8route that day.
The agent then goes to his delineatedarea
t0 p8d0?3 hi24motions, hi8 route =r=gea
for hIa by the arrangementof the pa@8 in
Me debit book. Thoee pages latlioate to him
the next addressat whioh to ofii Th@ debit
book ocntaIns80 many paean that aelleotiona
6r8 0~ mr 00Tema 01). the tir8t atcf,LEono
day, the remaining~ortlonebelt@ oovorod 00.
TWSdaJ. The manager as well a8 the super-
lntandantand agent,1s psrfeotlyramiitttr
wsth the debit area Inbloatedby saoh debit
book.
"me agent maea hi8 e&l otion an8 08eQ~
the f3uperint~a0ntattha~po%tedtfme aad
p&as, ct w&ioh tW he adv see with the eu ar-
intenaentaeto ark parti~.oullr pmblepla ofi
ooafroatsU In come inatanovsthe eupar-
inteaaentoffer8and giroa aeilotenoeIn then
matter or tranepor0lag the agaut to SOW ad-
dress at whloh the agent hae prevloueljoalled
la hle morningrouad8 but iallmd to ooll~ot~
At tinee polioyvholdere 91ovadtram the'.deblt
area of one asent do the debit area of .azMthr)r.
In suoh lnetanc~~s the auperintend6nt may teke
tha agentrithh&ta the& on mohrsrnrrrrl
and the new looatieri Or th4 pQllOy holdOr*
The agent than oolleotothat weok's prendum,
ibe polioylater being transferredto the
debit of tha agent in whorwrterritory the
polioyh0iaer has nmfly looatea.
"kfterlaavfiy the ~crrintendentthe
agent thea gooe on with his oolleotionls.
This oolleotlonduty ordinarilyra;iuireer
that the agent work until approximately 100
pa eaoh night. This Is due to the fao0 that
an agent,to retain his oonnection with the
Bpletproduos95% ool.l~ot~ons, &S&u8a
$%f'"3::a laorease la his buelwse. The a-
emat of r-quuirea inoreoaola bueineesIs eat
by the ooaqmny,wually $1.00 pm week of
premlumeoollaotible,The oae aontsotwith
ths supedit~~~aent mentioned a008 not mean

e.
 HonorableC. IL Miller,Pam %

that tba agentwill not be OOO~~O~O~ a&
duringthe day. The euparintandont ir fa-
miliarwith eaah agent*sdebit to the pofnt
Or h0~1ng aQprOdmste4 where thb agad 2.S
xorklncat any particulartime. Very ofte~~
the superlntentlent the a ent
ags%n aontaoti3
ytu, that he is s.otually porfoxyming
h&l
.
wn Wednetdayamrnlngof oaoh weak bhr
flnal oolleotiondutlsoem done, thatla,
all oollsotions not mad0 on Mm&ay or Tua-
day ore attempted86 be made an wdaeedey
tWl%ing. Cm Wednellday afternoonthe pgcmt
~0rvt?rzthe 00pip~ 0rf208 0h00w gp hi8
At that time ha turn8 in the
mr~~p &oh he ha0 00m0tiea du.mg that

tiollu.This aooouatis babno~d agaInattkw

6 Thus, if an agent 6d.b a.palioythe
premium for w@ioh lr 25# pcrrweek, he ie
oreditedon the books of the oonpanpwith
twentytlaee 23#*, wtnrfm, when he oollsotr
the 8%~ per week he I#, on eaoh ooo+*ion
oredltedwith twenty pesoont, oi 2Wi T&i.

P
 HonorableC. R. Eiller,Page 6

apparentasset on the a&sntrsreoord. ulth
the oompanyi8 offsetbJ a o!mrge-baokto
the a&ant of twenty times his lapsedbueineas.
THUS, if e .?3#grdu iS due on a pOliOy
which lagaas,that la, ia not oolleotodulth-
in thirty'daysOf the due date of the weekly
prtmlum,the agtmt*aroaordwith the oompauy
rerlttota a ohar60to him or twenty timesi 2Sg.
Thea0 a-8 are inzportantin. 43rrivl.q at
the agantt6wagee whloh, ror any prirtloular
week, are aotuallyfigurqdon Wedneedeyu.
The statementabate is pimllrledby the fur- .
ther 6tatementthat the a2bnt ie not aotual-
6 the mll amount or twentytlnms his
%b f"it xaeitead, he i6 aid a stipulatedpert
oentGe thawof, probabBy lS$. Tha Woe
isheldbythe 0-y to his oredit.
*Ea)Caoh
week the agent is oh&reedwith an
ampunt uuudly two or thrm dollars,whioh
ia hd.4 out 0r his tmgee and is pbmd in
what ie termedtho a@nt*s bond aooount. Ho
actualbond ia issued,but the oompauybuilds
up a bond aoaountin order to take oar8 of arrd
to ofrsetany ebmt~e on the part at the agent.
"It oa%bs seen that :itis possiblefor an
agent to be entitLedto no aash mbney on pay
day,whloh falls on&turday. Anagentlnthat
rltuatlonwho need0 mnsy on any pfirtioulm ey
day my and ortan does make arranmnenta VI &
the n8nagerror an advanos. Bfs wage slip
thererorerefleots that hla total mmtaneratlon
for tha ~8ak’ie paid under axiitem aenoabnatta
*speolaltialarg.'His 'speolalsalarymay be
and~umaallyia paid ev6n thoughhitaaaoount
with the oonpanyshows that he is aotually*in
the red.' This epoaialsalaryie en ordinary
item or wages in that it is pata eaoh weelq
howeveq the amount of suoh epsoialsalary
varicefrom fire to tw8My dollars, aeoord-
lng to the aohlevem3ntaof the agmit dW%ng the
week. xr ths agamt hm ~OJM#Xl .he may be.
pata twentydollars 8 aoial saXmy: whmeas,
poor aooonpliabaent wsXlmerit hln a&Ly five

-..
Eenorable0. R. Miller,Pa6e 9

dollarsspeaielselary. Xn other oasesthe
agentwill be oreditedwith a epeolalealary
over and above the w-t which his a~~omplleh-
mnt would ordinarilypermit. This lnorease
In the partioularagent'srrpeoial salam ue-
t&ally resultsIn a deoreaeeoi'the speoial.
salaryOr some other indiv&dualor individuals.
Thfs Is due to the fact that there Is usually
availableto the dir&riot&uimgeronly a oerteln
amountor martoy whioh oan be used for spoolal
salerypaynmnte.*
Based upon the above iaots, you ask the Sallowing
questionswhich we quote from your lotterae lollowsr
",41-o
the lnduetrfallnsuranoeagents
treatedin the etatedient of raats attaahed
heretoln the amp10 at of the lit0 lneuranoe
coprpanyunder h-iii00 gaamm(6),
3"" v. R. C. 8.
1925, In its presentfoocmand/w as it axlsted
prior to anmndnumtotfeotlvoApril 1, 1959?a
Be will first UlaoUae the questlonof whetheror
not the iadustrialinsursnoaagent8were in the employ0ent
of the iire fasurauoeoozumnywithlu the meaningor the un-
OtEplOgrJsnt Compensation AOt, prior
fnfrfi, to It8 eirwubmt
orreotive April 1, 1939. we do not think It .neoaaeary to
dluouuso the generalprovisionsof the Aat relatingto ea-
ploynient insofaras this quoatian is oonaemed beoauseprior
tics
April 1, 1939, the Aat oontainada speoltlopmnlalon
whioh,we bollsvs oontrolst&la queetion. This prov~e~iox!,
subseotion(g) (of 0r motion l9 0r the mxfia Unemploynent
Compensation Aot, sanrebeing Act8 1986, 44 Leg., Srd C. s.,
oh. 432, pb 1993,wax aa Mllowsr
"(9) In detotining employeeounder
this tw OAb in aatemlning employercsunder
thisAct, and in determinln@wages under
this Aat, neitherterm 8hfcu Ineludeem-
ploywit 0r or setiae by agante or in-
arand oompanie6 who oolleot their oom-
peneatian on a aondasian be&s.* (I?apaaleU
April 1, 1939).
Therewould neem to be no doubt but what the in-
dustrialinsuranaeagent in questionwas an agentxithin
HonorableC. R. 1EIller,
Page 0

the meaningof the above quoted eeotionof the Aat.
This beb true, the question6dsea as to whether
the remunemtlon rmeived by the &sent I5 in the forinof a
coIla.ealon.
It can readilybe aeon that an agenttight not be
entitledto any aompensatlon on pay day due to the oosmiu-
alon plau or paymsntwhich the iasuranoeoarqpsny has in
force. To meet this situation,the oompanyhas a plan where-
by the a&m‘6 map obtain an advanoa. This I6 more fully et
plainedIn the racts hcreincbovementioned. If this advance
IS chargedagainstthe oomn~I~~$on~ earnedby the agent,then
It oannotbe ssid that hs receivesany oompsnsatlon other
beds.
than on a oommi~sslon /
Under these facts,we ars'or the Opinionthat the
agentsin question, prior to April 1, 1939, were not in the
employmentof the life Insuranoeacunpany.
However,Ii these partloularweeklyp4mente are
not chargedWaInst the aomIssIons earned by the agents,
then they must be scmethine:
other than loan0 or advsmes
on oomia5IQns. ThIebeIngtrue,whatwe have s&l Inan-
swer to your first questionwould not be applicable.
wrore pas&n& to the oaoon& question,we wish to
ooment on RegulationHo. 37, (nowRegulationNo. 331 pro-
mulgatedbg the Com5.ssion,whloh, we balIeve,Is in ooz& :~:'
'~+-
flIctwith what WC have heretoforesaId. This Regti$atIon
rends,In pmt, ~a follows:
"All enlployaeo
of Insurfinoe
0ompanIss
and oorporntionncrc 'subject'employees,
exceptagente,a8 hereinafterset out.
"Agentsfar the purposesof this 8x9
ceptlonare those indlvldualeoolraniesioned
by lnsumrme co5penIesor corporationsto
representtha In ths sale6 of insurance
of any sortwhom r~WIon ooneiats
only br coMiissIonson the smotlnt
0r the
aforesaIdsales.* (tfaderlaaorln&
ours)
The obova ResulatIonprovided,in substame, that
Konornble0. R. Mlll&, Page 9

lnsumnoe agents are exempt loyesttonlywbmthsirm-
muneratlonoonslrtsor aonml8a K om on the mile 0r Msuranoe.
fie
___ Cat I-_._~-
.~_. nrovidsdthat insurancec&ents Who aolleattMlZ
oonp~satioa on n oommleslonbaeIiiw tire ezongtemployees.
Under the r6CtG set out herein,the acent reoeivesa Qua-
1Pis8ion for the colleotlon or oertainuoeklv premlw. Un-
der the provlalonsof the dot grIor to April 1, 19939, he
~168an exemptemployeeelnoe the oorpIpiu&on would ba a
part or his 0opqpensatl0n. It would seem, however,thaliif
w shotild r00k t0 tb0 ~egulatiott
or th0 c0dmi0a alcat0,
the agentwould not be an excm#t ea@oyee beoauw tha aan-
To the extent that ROgUlatlonNo. 87 ooafllob-
ed with th0*hem0r0~ quoted 800tiar~or tb hot, tam m-
tar governeduntil it8 rsgeal.

AxtAo 6fZlb-17 (6) (11, supra, defines UsplOp
msnt as r0umw

"(8) 1 WoploytsuW mbbjeotto the
other pro vu a on8 of this eubseotion, JUWL~I
aervIoe,~InolUding eervloeIn i.ntar&iate
tmmumae, perr0mitd ror wage6 or under any
oontraotor hire wr%ttam or oral, sxgrass
or Implied, provhrd that any servloeeper-
rorinedby an lntli~l6ueil for wage@ shall be
deemedto be cuqlo t oubdeotto thin
t&t unless and untr it ia shown to the
satl~raatlon or the Co~~~~Ztmion
that such
individualhaa been and wIl1 0ontIm.mto
be free irOn oontrolor dS.reotlon over the
pertormanoeof mob 8ervloeaboth under
hi8 oontmmt or aemvloa aal in ?aot.*

Artiole9281~17 (a),
_ - VemXL*S hnnoimtedCivil
stotutm, aerme6 wage85ae rw.m5t
Xonorab1e.G.
R. tiller,Pa&B 10

"(01 *Wages v mtmnu all 33mUll0ratlOn
payablefor gefetngtreanloes, inoluding
commissions .
Them can be no doubt but what the agent renders
a servloeto the ocmp~~ There oan be no doubt but fhat
he reoelvee%agee8Ba8 a consideration for tha perfonuanoe
of said servloe. The agent Is olearlyia'theemplogmant,
OS the iaeuranoeoonlpanyualoee it can be shownthat he
%ae been and will oontfnueto be free f'romoontrolor
.diraotlonover the psrrormanoeof auch aervloe~both xxw
dsr his contra& of aervloeand in faote*
we’quote fron the oasa of craanmrlor oi kaerlaa,
Ino., v. IndustrialGommiaefon,et al, 108 P. (Za) 306,
supremecourt ofutah, a8 rou.mmt
%ub6ivlalaa (6) of aubeeatlon(j) pro-
vides, that,
by an ipdlvldud
~Qervioos'perfor~&I
ror wages shall be dwned to b8 uaploymont
to this act unless and until it 1s
atibjeot
~~CWXI
t0 th0 mh3r~~tl~ or wu OO~DI
sloa that -
*'(a) ruoh indlvidualhaabesrr andrilL
oontinueto be free rrom oontrolor dlnotlon
over t& pet-lomanosof suoh semloea, both
uner his oontraatot fserviooan6 in faotr

*‘@I such serdoe 1s olther outsliIe
the usual oourseOS the-buaiaessSor which
suoh mrvloe la psrformed.or that suah sarv-
106 la psriormadoutaldo of all the laasr,
df bus5nessor the entarprlsafor sd oh auoh
servlo~ Is psrformsdiand
w'(c) suoh indlvldwl is custcnmrlly .
engagedin an independentlyestablishedtrade,
oooupatlon,professionor bud.nausq,"'
At page 606, the folXowin& Laagua&e is f'cundt
 HonorableC. 3. Miller,Fage 3.l

WY* * The cloinantwas requiredto
purahasea iruok whioh met the approvalof
the ccm+ny, xhlch truokhad to be galnted
ir e cortzinxznner and bear the co~~an;r~a
nciilO thereon. Clobent ms required,it
tight reesonnblyhave be& found, to sell
the company*aproduotsat a certainprioe,
iLClUdh~ C8rtahi *specials'whloh WBr8
'pushed'by the oonrpsny ocoaslonal.ly. The
pricespaid by olalmant:or both 'speolalsf
snd regularproduotswere fixed by the oom-
pany, such prloes havinga dlreot relation-
ship to the prloe for whlah suoh products
aotlld be sold. Claimantwas requiredto
keep his truck at the oompanygarage,and
repairswere made thereonby the oompsny
and ohargedto claimantwithouthis knowl-
edge or OOnsentr Books of aooountwere
supposedto be kept by olaimantwhloh
books were requiredto be left at the ot-
floe of tho oompanyunless oonsiznt was
obtainedto take them home. The oompeny
maintainedB speoialbank aoaountfor
claiagntand daposlted.the money oolleot-
ed from oustomers. Claimant~soheok book,
used to draw on said bank aooount;waa
requiredto be left at the oriioe. The
oompanyhad a right to i-at olaiicant*a
route and did so lnspeotit by malnteia-
lng a reliefman who oaoaslonallg relieved
claimant. Thin reliefma, who was an em-
ployee of the oompany,made reportsto the
oompnayon the oonditlonof olaWantf8
route. Some ool~eotlonsfroiuoustemere
on olairnantls.route were also made by a
reliefmnn who turned into the companyall
sum ao aolleoted. In adaitlonto the a-
bove, the oonpany made rsuggestlons* and
cofferedadvS.oe* es to how claimantshould
inoreasesales,make oollaotlons,eta.
The contractunder whioh olalmantperformed
h.l.8 esrvlasla could be terminated by the con-
pany at any time upon two weeket notice or
within 24 hours where a *teohnlcal* bremh
of the contracthad been made.~

2.
Honorabl4C. R. Miller,Page I.3

under his wMzaat*. At all.eventsthe
evleenos1s m&that ws oannotsay that
the Co~&ralon must, as rsasoncblemen,
have found that claimantwtm free from
such control."
In Industrialcommissionf. Eorthwestcrn Xut.
l,ifeInns.CO.. 8Q P. (28) 560, SupramsCourt of Colorado,
the 2usstloawciswhethsran agent of a life insura~e Oosi-
pano was ln employmentof ths oonpanywitltin the manin&
of the Oneqloynent Compsneatlon Act of t&t State. The
definition of employment is the same as 1s set out In the
Creameriesof Anarioacase, mapram The Court said:
"In the preface to the 'Rulesand &a~;-
ulatlons,'whloh are a parf of the oontruots
herein,ws find this lan&age; 'It is self-
evidentthat Q buslnsssl.&@rlng aush enor-
anus detail as that of a la& fife -fnsuxanoe
oampenyoaunotb4oonduot4dinahaphe&ard
WW. There must be definiterulae by whiah
8mh edid ~3.n be cafii4e to completion.
otherwioethe Yerioueparta of the maohlne
will not work aamothlyand triafionand losa
0r *ifort *ill result.*
"Ksrewe hem an admlasionof detafled
dfreotion under ooaQ?aote‘tith the ~lndlvld$
ual! imolvsd herein. It would indeedre-
quire e revolutlonazy chaugein the oonduot
oT the 11;"sinsurauoebuslneea,as shown by
the evidenas,to bring about a eltucrtion
wherebyits ae8nte.woul.d be free from any
oontrolor direstion.*
In oooparingthe dsflxl$lonor employnmntln the
above oases with the dsfini%lon of employmentin the Stet-
utes of Textis,we L"inathe detlnltlonis exaotlpthe same
In each insthnoe,with the enaeptlonthat Sections(b) and
(0) a5 set out In the Creamrfee Of America aam, 5upr6,
are not folindin the Texas dafinitlon.
Sow other cases involvingthis $mstion area
KaDermtt v. State,et al, 82 P. (Ed) 568; Globe Grain k
Killbig,
Co. v. IndustrialCarmission,et al, 91 P. (Zd) 512;
i;nsmploynent
CompensationCom.ission01 Zorth CarolinaV.
JeZerooriStandardtire li3srCo., $ 8. E. (2d) 584; North-
westemi Mut. Ltfe Ina. Co. f. Ton4 et al, 4 A. (2d) 6166
In Ra Perdeiak,19 N. Y. 8. (2d) 1600.
To determinewhetherthe agent Is free fro5 oon-
trol or directionof the lnauraltoe oompanY,we refer baok
to the iaote. Xe fine that th4 ag4nt must attend a mset-
lng everymorning,exaegtMonday, at a given time. He
nnrstreport baok to the ofiloeafter he ha8 finished his
If he 1s late for the mralng meetings,he
fxes?i to rlillouleby the mmgof~ xfuu&l4to be
presentat a meeting,he notlflesthe atanager.lieoolleote
premiumsonoertaind-8 and ~oW~SagiVenn>ute in 80
do&l& A "md";y
agent to 800
leot 4 oertaln 4mouut 8 job. ~austmak4O\rh
oertainreport4et 04rtai.n qeoifled tlmar.
.~romthe abow faots,16 in obofou8that tha
agrb3tie subjsotto n&um kind of oontrolor dimatic?n,
In the 0884 of AaerleemNat. fnrr,00.". Dea)n,
4t tie 9s 8. IT.(2d) 870, the t-hUUhtiOnOr App44b h4u
that am lmuranoe oompanywas not liablefor the negligent
not of the agent in the ogeratlo&t of hi8 autimobllewhile
ealloltlng new bwlneea. The ia &n thin oaee are pmo-
tie the aam as thaw Involvedhenr The oourt held
that % prlnolpal dldnothw4thaOt 402 qontr4lc~4r
the agentwhioh would render the prinofpal.Uable for the
agent0n4gllg4noe.
I4 do not bellevethat the above oaee ia oontrol-
llng of the questioninvolvedheru. If the Yagialature
had wqutee these agent@ exempted,why did it repeal tba
very prorlslonwhioh exemptedthem? We think tb language
round in the ~reaneriesof &mrioa 0~4, supra,16 enlight-
enlng. We quote aa follower
n* * ** The fact that n4lthm the term
*employee* nor the tern *independentoontllaotor'
Is mod any where in the Unemployrmnt C4mp4n4a-
tlon not le itt34irlndioativethat the legiel.a-
ture did not intendto UBB the relatiormhipe of
'independent oontzmtcir or *employer-amployae~,
as d&incd by the common law, 88 the orlterla
to determinewho are sntftledto benefitsunder
 RanarableCl 8. Itiller,
Page 15

the+3noaploymllt",oqpsnoationAat. The
I-,07
. le uwd thro*ut
wvml 'lJlillvi&usl'
not to refer to the person seekidn(;
the
unem-
bullefitn.;:rUlothe term 'en+
~loylne.nt
player'ami 'enploylq unit' am uaed,
they are ejmoiffoan~ define4by the hot
no that they have a Gstinot rmeclng
wMoh my or may nat coincidewith t$e* * ,,
ordfnaryooMeption or"'eEIpl0yer. .
In our cpinfonX0. O-1290,soma lang!stge Watt
used wtioh ml&t be taken to indloatean opinionthat the
oommonlaw principlea laid down In our 5tieOsr and 06rvant
oases tight be lookedto Sor the purposeof a~terminln6
w&itthrror not a person I# an eatplo~me wlthla thi8 Aot.
That, howet6r.16 not n60688ariJ.y tna6. Wh5.10 'an lOY66
undra that line of oasen woulR un&oubtsOy be an ag To ym
withinthe Aot, we do not beUsve that t&e oomver80w~uliI
alwayobe true.
For the reaaoneherclAngive&,WB are af tba opinion
that the agent In @mstion ia ana ban bean dnoe April 1,
th6 alploymentoftheiaauraoa* ooalpsnywl~ths
of the Texae unemp10yiMnt aoPrpen8ation hot,

four8 Y6ry tmly
ATTORt'G'Y(3RREXAL~T~

Glenn R. Lexfe
AeeiBtMt

A~'I'OR?JEY
GENERAL