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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
SPECIALTY CLAIMS SERVICES, INC., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
APPELLANT :
:
v. :
:
:
LIBERTY ASSET RECOVERY, LLC : No. 1391 EDA 2016
:
Appeal from the Judgment Entered June 22, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County
Civil Division at No(s): 2013-10768-IR
BEFORE: DUBOW, SOLANO AND PLATT,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 22, 2017
Appellant, Specialty Claims Services, Inc., appeals from the June 22,
2016 entry of Judgment in favor of Liberty Asset Recovery, LLC (“Appellee”)
following a bench trial. We affirm.
The facts and procedural history of this matter are as follows:
[Appellant] is a corporation organized under the laws of
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. [Appellant] is a third-
party claims administrator for insurers, insureds[,] and
self-insureds. [Appellant’s] services include administering
worker’s compensation claims on behalf of client-
employers who are self-insureds or who maintain a
significant self-insured retention.
[Appellee] is a limited liability company organized under
the laws of the Commonwealth[,] which operates to “re-
*
Retired Senior Judge Assigned to the Superior Court.
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price” worker’s compensation medical bills. Medical bill
“re-pricing” is a fancy term to describe the reduction of
medical bills, specifically hospital bills, either by
negotiation or by imposition of the workers compensation
re-pricing program.
On October 25, 2011, [Appellant] retained [Appellee] to
perform re-pricing services. Under the contract [(“Service
Agreement”)] dated October 25, 2011, [Appellant] referred
cases to [Appellee]. [Appellee] then attempted to “re-
price” the hospital bills. If [Appellee] was successful,
[Appellant] paid [Appellee] 25% of the savings under the
terms of the contract. Simply put, if [Appellee] could
reduce the hospital bill by $100.00, then [Appellant] was
to pay [Appellee] $25.00 as a fee. However, as a practical
matter, using the example above, [Appellee] simply
returned to [Appellant] $75.00.[1]
The [Service Agreement] also contains a clause which
provided that if the “re-pricing” was challenged and
“determined administratively to be incorrect,
[Appellee] will repay [Appellant] its fee.” See,
[Appellant’s] Exhibit P-1 p. 3. In short, if the hospital
challenged the $100.00 bill reduction, using the above
example, and it was “determined administratively” to be
wrong, [Appellee] was required to repay [Appellant] the
$25.00. The [Service Agreement] further states that if the
determination of the re-pricing was “found to be partially
correct and partially incorrect, [Appellee] will refund the
proportionate amount of fee which corresponds with 20
percent of the additional payment which is to be made.”
The [Service Agreement] also addresses termination and
each party’s continuing duties. The [Service Agreement]
could be terminated by either party following thirty-days[’]
written notice; or, by any party immediately if one party
was in material breach. Further, [Appellant] could not
1
The Service Agreement provides that “[u]pon receipt of a payment
recommendation by [Appellee,] [Appellant] will make payment to the
provider within three business days and will pay the fee of [Appellee] in the
amount of 25 percent of savings below billed charges.” Service Agreement,
10/25/11, at 3.
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terminate the [Service Agreement] “after [Appellee]
provided its report.” Even if the [Service Agreement] was
terminated, [Appellee] agreed to “continue to adhere to
this contract relative to all pending matters . . .” and
[Appellant] was to “continue to adhere to all covenants
with respect to all work in progress.” See, [Appellant’s]
Exhibit, P-1, p. 5.
On August 2, 2013, [Appellant] sent a letter to [Appellee,]
which stated it was “exercising its option to cancel the
contract in accordance with page 5, paragraph 3. . . .”
See, [Appellant’s] Exhibit P-2. Although not stated clearly,
it appears [Appellant] was giving [Appellee] thirty[-
]day[’]s notice of its intention to cancel the [Service
Agreement]. Thus, the [Service Agreement] was no longer
in effect as of September 1, 2013.
Trial Ct. Op., 12/18/15, at 1-3 (emphasis in original).
Appellant filed a Complaint on November 1, 2013, asserting breach of
contract and unjust enrichment claims. Appellant alleged that, under the
terms of the Service Agreement, Appellee was obligated to continue to
handle matters that were outstanding at the time of the effective date of the
termination of the Service Agreement, i.e. September 1, 2013, and that
Appellee breached the terms of the Service Agreement by refusing to defend
its determinations in matters for which Appellant had already paid fees.2
Appellant alleged that, owing to Appellee’s failure to perform, Appellant had
to resolve these pending matters on its own, without the advice, expertise,
and support Appellee was obligated to provide. Appellant sought the return
2
Appellant alleged in its Complaint that there were at least ten such
matters; however, at trial, Appellant introduced evidence of only nine
matters.
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of $24,940.27, representing fees it prepaid to Appellee, and additional
amounts Appellant paid in the settlements of the outstanding matters.
On November 1, 2013, Appellant filed an Emergency Motion for a
Special Injunction, Temporary Restraining Order, and Preliminary Objection
alleging that Appellee’s “refusal to honor its contractual obligations . . . has
caused and is causing irreparable harm to [Appellant’s] business reputation,
client relationships[,] and the relationships between [Appellant’s] Workers
Compensation Clients and their employees and medical providers[,]” and
seeking an Order directing Appellee to, inter alia, immediately resume the
performance of its alleged contractual obligations to Appellant. Motion,
11/1/13, at 4-6. On November 6, 2013, the trial court denied Appellant’s
Motion after a hearing.
Appellee filed Preliminary Objections to Appellant’s Complaint on
March 20, 2014, which the trial court overruled on June 16, 2014. At the
conclusion of discovery, the court held a bench trial on December 10, 2015.
At trial, Appellant presented the testimony of William Helmig,
Appellant’s Director of Operations. Relevant to the instant matter, Helmig
testified that, in instances where Appellee negotiated and settled a disputed
payment with a medical provider, Appellee refunded a proportional amount
of the fee prepaid to it by Appellant. N.T, 12/10/15, at 26-27. Appellee did
not present any evidence.
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At the close of Appellant’s case, Appellee made an oral Motion for
Compulsory Nonsuit, which the trial court denied. On December 18, 2015,
the court issued an Order and Opinion finding in favor of Appellee. The court
essentially concluded that Appellee had not breached the Service Agreement
because, of the nine matters alleged by Appellant to be outstanding at the
time Appellant terminated the Service Agreement, none of them had been
“determined administratively,” but rather, they had all been “settled” by
Appellant. Trial Ct. Op. at 5. Therefore, the court concluded that Appellee
had not breached the Service Agreement, and that Appellant was, therefore,
not entitled to a repayment of fees it prepaid to Appellee. Id.
Appellant filed a timely Post-Trial Motion on January 4, 2016, in which
it sought either a judgment in its favor, or, in the alternative, a new trial.
On April 1, 2016, the trial court denied Appellant’s Post-Trial Motion.
Appellant filed a timely Notice of Appeal on May 2, 2016.3 Both Appellant
and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:
1. Did the trial court err in denying [Appellant’s] Motion for
Post[-]Trial Relief when it concluded that the only
circumstances under which [Appellant] was entitled to a
return of prepaid fees was where [Appellee’s] payment
recommendations were “determined administratively to be
3
Appellant filed a Praecipe for Entry of Judgment on June 22, 2016,
pursuant to this Court’s Order. Sovereign Bank v. Valentino, 914 A.2d
415, 419 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation omitted) (noting “[a] final
judgment entered during the pendency of an appeal is sufficient to perfect
appellate jurisdiction”).
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incorrect” despite undisputed evidence that whenever a
disputed matter was ultimately resolved with the payment
of additional amounts by [Appellant]—whether by
administrative order or pursuant to settlement—[Appellee]
was required to return, and did in fact return, the portion
of its fees corresponding to the additional amount paid?
2. Did the trial court err in denying [Appellant’s] Motion for
Post[-]Trial Relief when it concluded that it was [Appellant]
who breached the Service Agreement by “bypassing the
terms of the contract, settling the pending disputes, and
then seeking to recover from [Appellee] a portion of the
fee” despite undisputed evidence admitted at trial[] that
[Appellant] was forced to resolve the matters without
[Appellee’s] assistance after [Appellee] breached its clear
contractual obligations to handle the pending matters even
after termination of the contract?
Appellant’s Brief at 4-5.
Appellant’s questions challenge the trial court’s findings and
conclusions following a non-jury trial. Our standard of review of such claims
pays substantial deference to the trial court as it acts in the role of
factfinder. See Hollock v. Erie Ins. Exch., 842 A.2d 409, 413-14 (Pa.
Super. 2004).
Our appellate role in cases arising from non-jury trial
verdicts is to determine whether the findings of the trial
court are supported by competent evidence and whether
the trial court committed error in any application of the
law. The findings of fact of the trial judge must be given
the same weight and effect on appeal as the verdict of a
jury. We consider the evidence in a light most favorable to
the verdict winner. We will reverse the trial court only if
its findings of fact are not supported by competent
evidence in the record or if its findings are premised on an
error of law. We will respect a trial court’s findings with
regard to the credibility and weight of the evidence unless
the appellant can show that the court’s determination was
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manifestly erroneous, arbitrary and capricious or flagrantly
contrary to the evidence.
J.J. DeLuca Co. v. Toll Naval Assocs., 56 A.3d 402, 410 (Pa. Super.
2012) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
Appellant’s questions raised on appeal also challenge the trial court’s
interpretation of the Service Agreement. “Since contract interpretation is a
question of law, our review of the trial court’s decision is de novo and our
scope is plenary.” Bair v. Manor Care of Elizabethtown, PA, LLC, 108
A.3d 94, 96 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation and quotation marks omitted). The
goal of contract interpretation is to “ascertain the intent of the parties.”
Lenau v. Co-eXprise, Inc., 102 A.3d 423, 429 (Pa. Super. 2014).
In the cases of a written contract, the intent of the parties
is the writing itself. If left undefined, the words of a
contract are to be given their ordinary meaning. When the
terms of a contract are clear and unambiguous, the intent
of the parties is to be ascertained from the document
itself.
Id. at 429 (internal citations omitted). In the absence of any ambiguity in
the terms of a contract, a court is not permitted to consider parol, or any
other extrinsic evidence, to ascertain the intent of the parties. Id.
In its first issue, Appellant claims that the trial court erred in
concluding that the only circumstances in which the Service Agreement
required Appellee to return to Appellant a portion of the amount prepaid to
Appellee is where Appellee’s payment to medical service providers was
“determined administratively to be incorrect.” Appellant’s Brief at 12-13.
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Appellant argues that Appellee was also required to refund the prepaid
amount in any circumstance where a disputed matter was ultimately
resolved by Appellant’s payment of an additional amount to a provider, most
commonly by settlement of the dispute. Id. at 13-14. In those instances,
Appellee was required to, and did in fact, return the portion of its prepaid fee
corresponding to the additional amount paid. Id. Appellant concedes the
Service Agreement does not contain language to this effect, but rather notes
that the Service Agreement does not explicitly limit the return of prepaid
fees only in the case where Appellee’s recommendation was “determined
administratively to be incorrect.”4 Id. at 13. Appellant argues that “the fact
that [] the Service Agreement did not list other circumstances does not
mean that there weren’t other situations where [Appellee] was required to
return a portion of prepaid fees.” Id. (emphasis in original).
With respect to the return of prepaid fees, the Service Agreement
provides, in relevant part, as follows:
If [Appellee’s] determination is timely challenged and
determined administratively to be incorrect, at the
expiration of the period of appeal from a final
administrative or court determination, [Appellee] will
repay [Appellant] its fee.
Service Agreement, 10/25/11, at 3.
4
It bears noting that Appellant does not argue that the language of the
Service Agreement was in any way ambiguous.
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The trial court found that the above-quoted language of the Service
Agreement was clear and unambiguous in defining the circumstances under
which Appellant was entitled to repayment of fees—where Appellee’s
determination was determined administratively to be incorrect following the
expiration of the time to appeal from a final administrative or court
determination.5 Trial Ct. Op., 6/13/16, at 6; Trial Ct. Op. 12/18/18, at 3-5.
Having so concluded, the trial court analyzed the language of the Service
Agreement, finding that, in the context of the Service Agreement,
“determined administratively” means “an official decision by an
administrative body applying worker’s compensation law.” Trial Ct. Op.,
12/18/15, at 5.
The court concluded this “condition precedent” had not occurred, and
dismissed Appellant’s argument that it was entitled to repayment of prepaid
fees in circumstances other than those outlined in the Service Agreement as
5
The court noted also that the Service Agreement contained an integration
clause, which limited the court to resolving this dispute based on the terms
contained in the Service Agreement. The integration clause provides as
follows:
This Agreement is the entire Agreement between the
parties. There are no other Agreements. Any modification
or change in this Agreement must be set forth in writing.
Any representations made by any prior party to this
agreement being signed is not binding, to be relied upon or
be any part of this Agreement.
Service Agreement at 6 (emphasis added).
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“contrary to logic and the perceived intent of the parties.” Trial Ct. Op.,
6/13/16, at 7. The court specifically found that “[i]f the parties
contemplated more than a single circumstance in which [Appellant] could
recover fees, the Service Agreement would have provided for such.” Id. It
concluded that if the parties had intended for Appellee to return fees in an
“indefinite number of circumstances,” the Service Agreement would not have
specified a single condition precedent to the return of fees. Id.
Our de novo review of the Service Agreement confirms the trial court’s
conclusion. By its plain terms, the Service Agreement limits the
circumstances in which Appellant was entitled to a return of prepaid fees to
those in which Appellee’s recommendation of the amounts owed medical
providers were determined administratively to be incorrect. Because the
terms of the Service Agreement are clear and unambiguous, we may not
consider extrinsic evidence, such as Helmig’s testimony pertaining to the
course of practice between the parties, in order to expand the circumstances
as Appellant suggests to find that Appellee has breached the Service
Agreement. Accordingly, Appellant is not entitled to relief on this issue.
In its second issue, Appellant claims that the trial court found that
Appellant was in “breach of the Service Agreement” when it concluded that
Appellant had “bypass[ed] the terms of the contract, settle[d] the pending
disputes, and then [sought] to recover from [Appellee] a portion of the
fees.” Appellant’s Brief at 15 (citing Trial Ct. Op., 12/18/15, at 5).
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Appellant argues that it did not “bypass” the terms of the Service
Agreement. Id. at 18. Rather, it avers that, in an effort to protect its
business interests, and following the denial of injunctive relief, Appellant
negotiated resolutions to the pending matters on its own. Id. Appellant
argues that the trial court’s decision “permits [Appellee] to benefit from its
own breach of the Service Agreement” by allowing Appellee to “retain
prepaid fees for required services that it refused to perform.” Id.
With respect to this claim, the trial court opined that Appellant
misconstrued its holding, because it did not, in fact, find that Appellant
breached the Service Agreement. The trial court noted that it “determined
that [Appellant] was simply not entitled to repayment because the condition
precedent, as explained above, had not been triggered requiring [Appellee]
to refund a portion of its fees.” Trial Ct. Op., 6/13/16, at 7.
We agree with the trial court that this sentence amounted to nothing
more than a further explanation to hold that Appellee did not breach the
Service Agreement. Accordingly, no relief is due.
Judgment affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/22/2017
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Specialty Claims v. Liberty Asset
Combined Opinion