SECOND DIVISION
BARNES, P. J.,
RICKMAN and SELF, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
http://www.gaappeals.us/rules
March 8, 2017
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A16A1651. MONDY v. MAGNOLIA ADVANCED MATERIALS,
INC.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
Attorney Michael O. Mondy appeals the trial court’s order finding him in
contempt for willfully violating an order of the court and appeals the court’s oral order
compelling discovery. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the contempt order and
do not reach the discovery issue.
1. On November 23, 2015, the trial court held a hearing on Magnolia’s motion
for contempt against Mondy and orally granted it, directing Magnolia to submit a
proposed order within ten days. The court then announced its intention to set a hearing
on Magnolia’s entitlement to attorney fees based on Mondy’s violation of the court’s
order. A week later, on November 30, 2015, Mondy filed a motion for recusal and his
own affidavit. The substance of the motion is that the trial judge’s action — finding
Mondy in contempt — showed that the judge was biased or prejudiced against him,
and in his affidavit Mondy averred that based on the judge’s comments, facial
expressions, and actions during the hearing, “It was clear he wanted to put me in jail.”
On December 15, 2015, the trial court entered a written order memorializing the
November 23, 2015 oral ruling finding Mondy in contempt, and half an hour later the
court issued the following order: “I hereby recuse myself voluntarily from the above-
styled case. The Superior Court Administrator shall assign the case to a different
division.”
Mondy argues on appeal that the trial court erred in issuing the contempt order
after Mondy filed the motion for recusal, contending that after the motion was filed,
the trial court was required to cease acting on the merits of the case and to determine
whether another trial court should hear the recusal motion before ruling on the
contempt motion. Because the trial court did not do so, he asserts, the contempt order
should be reversed.
[W]hen a trial judge in a case pending in that court is presented
with a motion to recuse accompanied by an affidavit, the judge’s duty
will be limited to passing upon the legal sufficiency of the affidavit, and
if, assuming all the facts alleged in the affidavit to be true, recusal would
be warranted, then another judge must be assigned to hear the motion to
recuse. We note also the well-settled rule that it is as much the duty of a
judge not to grant the motion to recuse when the motion is legally
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insufficient as it is to recuse when the motion is meritorious; nor does the
simple filing of an affidavit automatically disqualify a judge.
State v. Fleming, 245 Ga. 700, 702 (1) (267 SE2d 207) (1980). The procedure set out
in Fleming for determining recusal was codified in Uniform Superior Court Rule 25.
Mayor & Aldermen of Savannah v. Batson-Cook Co., 291 Ga. 114, 116, n. 3 (728
SE2d 189) (2012).
USCR 25.1 requires that motions to recuse or disqualify a judge presiding in a
particular case must be filed “not later than five (5) days after the affiant first learned
of the alleged grounds for disqualification, and not later than ten (10) days prior to the
hearing or trial which is the subject of recusal or disqualification, unless good cause
be shown for failure to meet such time requirements. and shall not be allowed to delay
the trial or proceeding.” USCR 25.3 provides that the trial court “shall temporarily
cease to act upon the merits of the matter” to determine whether the motion for recusal
is timely, the accompanying affidavit is legally sufficient, and the facts asserted therein
authorize recusal, and if so, another judge must hear the motion.
Whether these three criteria are met are questions of law, and our appellate
courts review de novo a trial court’s decision on these threshold issues. Mayor &
Aldermen of Savannah,, 291 Ga. at 119 (1). The issue here, however, is not whether
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the trial court properly determined the timing and legal sufficiency of the motion to
recuse, but rather whether the trial court erred in issuing the written order of contempt
after Mondy filed the motion.1
We have found no cases, and the parties have cited to none, which consider the
parameters of the prohibition against “acting on the merits” of the case, or which
consider whether a motion for recusal requires the trial court to abstain from reducing
to writing a previously-announced oral ruling. The pitfalls of such a requirement are
evident, however, particularly when the basis for the recusal motion is the substance
of the trial court’s oral ruling, as it was here.
Just as a plaintiff may not foreclose a judge from acting on its orally announced
intention to grant a defendant’s dispositive motion by dismissing his complaint, we
conclude that a party cannot foreclose a judge from acting on its orally announced
intention to grant a motion for contempt by filing a motion to recuse.
The principle at the foundation of these decisions [that a plaintiff cannot
foreclose such actions] is that, after a party has taken the chances of
litigation, and knows what is the actual result reached in the suit by the
1
Because the court then voluntarily recused itself from the case, it never
considered the threshold issues.
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tribunal which is to pass upon it, he can not, by exercising his right of
voluntary dismissal, deprive the opposite party of the victory thus gained.
Dillard Land Investments, LLC v. Fulton County, 295 Ga. 515519-520 (2) (b) (761
SE2d 282) (2014) (citation and punctuation omitted). The same principle applies by
analogy to the present case.
Based on the peculiar facts of this case, we conclude that Mondy could not
forestall the trial court’s oral finding of contempt by filing a motion to recuse. The trial
court’s issuance of a written order memorializing its previous oral ruling was not an
action “on the merits” of the case. Instead, filing the written order was an
administrative process that effectuated a ruling made before Mondy filed his motion
to recuse. Thus, we find no merit in this enumeration of error.
2. Mondy contends that the trial court erred in granting Magnolia’s motion
seeking to find him in contempt for violating a previous court order. Because the trial
court sought to punish Mondy for actions already taken rather than coerce him to take
actions, the contempt was criminal in nature rather than civil. See generally, Ensley v.
Ensley, 239 Ga. 860, 861 (238 SE2d 920) (1977).
On appeal of a criminal contempt conviction the appropriate standard of
appellate review is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most
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favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found
the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Criminal
contempt is that which involves some disrespectful or contumacious
conduct toward the court. Contempt of court has been variously defined;
in its broad sense it means disregard for or disobedience of the order or
command of the court.
In re Patterson, 331 Ga. App. 45 (769 SE2d 762) (2015) (citation omitted).
Here, Magnolia filed a motion for contempt, and at the end of a hearing on the
motion, the trial court granted the contempt motion in open court. As discussed
previously, Mondy filed a motion to recuse the judge a week later, and two weeks after
that the trial court issued its written order granting the contempt motion, then issued
a written order voluntarily recusing from the case. In its written order, the trial court
found that Mondy had willfully violated the court’s order enjoining Mondy’s client
from disclosing “any non-public information of Magnolia, including but not limited
to trade secrets and confidential information.” Mondy violated the order, the court
held, by attaching certain exhibits to his reply to Magnolia’s motion to quash a
subpoena in a federal court case a competitor had brought against Magnolia. In both
its oral and written rulings, the trial court reserved the issue of whether Magnolia was
entitled to an award of attorney fees under OCGA § 9-15-14.
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In his notice of appeal, Mondy designated 14 documents to be included in the
appellate record and directed the trial court clerk to omit everything else from the
appellate record.2 The resulting record is 950 pages long, but while the order of
contempt quotes a portion of the earlier injunction that served as the basis for its
contempt finding, the record does not include a copy of that earlier injunction. Nor
does it contain a copy of Magnolia’s previous motion for contempt, which alleged a
violation of a different trial court’s order or of this trial court’s denial of that previous
motion, all of which may be relevant to the trial court’s contempt finding. Finally,
while the record does contain a copy of the federal court pleading Mondy filed, which
was included in Mondy’s motion to recuse the trial court in this case, the appellate
record does not contain a copy of the exhibits that were attached to the federal
pleading, which the trial court found to be “non-public,” subject to its injunction, and
disclosed in violation of its injunction.
In light of the incomplete record, we must affirm the trial court’s finding of
contempt.
2
OCGA § 5-6-37 directs an appellant include in his notice of appeal “a
designation of those portions of the record to be omitted from the record on appeal.”
Listing the documents omitted allows this court to see which documents were
presented to the trial court but excluded from the appellate record.
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3. Finally, Mondy enumerates as error that the trial court granted Magnolia’s
motion to compel discovery responses and its related request for attorney fees. The trial
court heard Magnolia’s motion to compel after hearing its motion for contempt, orally
granted the motion as to each matter requested, and gave Magnolia 20 days to prepare
a proposed order. Unlike the contempt motion, however, the trial court’s ruling on
Magnolia’s motion to compel discovery responses was not reduced to writing and filed
before the trial court voluntarily recused from the case.
An “oral order [is] neither final nor appealable until and unless it is reduced to
writing, signed by the judge, and filed with the clerk.” Hill v. State, 281 Ga. 795, 799
(642 SE2d 64) (2007). See also Titelman v. Stedman, 277 Ga. 460, 461 (591 SE2d
774) (2003) (“[T]here can be no appeal from an oral announcement that a judgment
will be rendered, since no judgment is effective until it is signed by the judge and filed
with the clerk.” (citation and punctuation omitted)).
Accordingly, we find no merit to Mondy’s enumerations of error related to the
trial court’s oral discovery rulings.
Judgment affirmed. Rickman and Self, JJ., concur.
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