STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
In re: K.D. March 24, 2017
RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
No. 16-0913 (Barbour County 15-JA-35) SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Father D.W., by counsel Thomas B. Hoxie, appeals the Circuit Court of
Barbour County’s August 8, 2016, order terminating his parental rights to K.D.1 The West
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda,
filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), Mary
S. Nelson, filed a response on behalf of the child supporting the circuit court’s order. On appeal,
petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying an extension of his post-adjudicatory
improvement period and in terminating his parental rights due to his financial inability to
participate in services.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In August of 2015, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition and alleged that the
child’s mother abused K.D. as a result of her substance abuse.2 According to the petition, the
DHHR began an investigation into the mother’s substance abuse after receiving a referral. Before
the DHHR completed the investigation, the mother was hospitalized due to a drug overdose. As
to petitioner, the DHHR alleged that he abused the child by failing to protect her from the
mother’s abuse.
In September of 2015, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing, during which
petitioner stipulated to the allegations in the petition and moved for a post-adjudicatory
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
2
The proceedings in circuit court concerned three additional children that are not
petitioner’s biological children. Accordingly, the circuit court’s rulings regarding those children
are not at issue in this memorandum decision.
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improvement period, which the circuit court granted. The eventual case plan required petitioner
to complete a number of evaluations, including psychological, parental fitness, and substance
abuse evaluations. The case plan also required that petitioner attend multidisciplinary team
meetings and court hearings, participate in visitation with the child, submit to drug screens, and
complete adult life skills and parenting training. Given that petitioner resided in the State of
Tennessee, he requested that all of his services be scheduled on the same day to limit his travel,
and his providers complied. Although he initially complied with services, he stopped
participating regularly by December of 2015.
In April of 2016, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing. By this time, petitioner
had visited with the child only once in the preceding four months. In total, petitioner visited with
his daughter only three times during his improvement period. Moreover, the DHHR presented
evidence that petitioner failed to participate in any parenting or adult life skills services since
January of 2016. Additionally, the evidence established that petitioner failed to complete any of
his required evaluations. In fact, petitioner failed to attend the dispositional hearing, although he
was represented by counsel. Additionally, the circuit court heard testimony from petitioner’s
service providers that he failed to remain in contact with them throughout the proceedings.
According to one provider, petitioner failed to respond to calls and text messages regarding
services and failed to contact her in order to schedule services, including visitation with the
child. Moreover, the provider testified that the child had recently celebrated her eighth birthday,
but petitioner failed to contact the child. Ultimately, the circuit court found that petitioner failed
to comply with the terms and conditions of his improvement period and terminated his parental
rights to the child. It is from the dispositional hearing that petitioner appeals.3
The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
3
According to both the guardian and the DHHR, the child’s mother’s parental rights have
also been terminated below. Respondents state that, as of the filing of their response briefs, the
permanency plan for K.D. and the additional children subject to the proceedings below is
adoption by a maternal uncle. Because the uncle lives in the Commonwealth of Virginia, the
parties are currently undergoing the requirements of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of
Children in order to achieve permanency for the children. The record and the parties are silent as
to the circuit court’s disposition in regard to C.R., biological father of the additional children
subject to the proceedings below.
2
viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion for an extension to his post
adjudicatory improvement period or in its termination of his parental rights.
According to petitioner, the circuit court erred in denying him an extension to his post
adjudicatory improvement period upon his financial inability to comply with the terms and
conditions thereof. The Court, however, does not agree. While petitioner predicates his lack of
compliance upon his “financial problems, automobile problems, and job problems,” he provides
no evidence to support this assertion. Petitioner argues, without any citation to the record on
appeal, that he was precluded from travelling from the State of Tennessee to West Virginia in
order to comply with the terms and conditions of his improvement period. Petitioner’s only
reference to evidence in support of his assertion is testimony from providers reiterating
petitioner’s own assertion that he had “financial trouble.” Petitioner fails to cite to any evidence,
other than his own assertions, that his financial hardships prevented his participation in services
below.
On the contrary, the record is clear that petitioner not only failed to travel to West
Virginia in order to comply with the services offered, he also failed to remain in communication
with his service providers in order to attempt to facilitate the implementation of the offered
services. During the dispositional hearing, the circuit court based its decisions to deny petitioner
an extension to his improvement period and terminate his parental rights, in part, upon his failure
to remain in contact with service providers and the child. On appeal to this Court, however,
petitioner fails to allege how his inability to remain in contact with the DHHR throughout the
pendency of these proceedings was in any way predicated on a lack of financial means.
Accordingly, we find no merit to petitioner’s argument that the circuit court improperly based its
decisions on his lack of financial means.
According to West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(6), a circuit court may extend a post
adjudicatory improvement period when, among other factors, “the court finds that the [parent]
has substantially complied with the terms of the improvement period . . . .” As set forth above,
petitioner failed to comply with the terms of his improvement period. Even assuming petitioner
is correct that his lack of financial means precluded him from travelling to West Virginia in order
to participate in services, petitioner still failed to remain in contact with the DHHR in order to
facilitate his participation with the services offered. As such, it is clear that the circuit court did
not abuse its discretion in denying petitioner an extension to his post-adjudicatory improvement
period.
Similarly, the circuit court did not err in terminating petitioner’s parental rights. Again,
petitioner’s sole argument is that the circuit court improperly based termination upon his lack of
financial means. As outlined above, petitioner failed to participate even minimally in that he
routinely failed to contact the DHHR in order to inquire about the services offered to correct the
conditions of abuse and neglect present in the home. According to West Virginia Code § 49-4
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604(c)(3), a circumstance in which there is no reasonable likelihood the conditions of abuse and
neglect includes one in which
[t]he abusing parent . . . [has] not responded to or followed through with a
reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative efforts of social, medical,
mental health or other rehabilitative agencies designed to reduce or prevent the
abuse or neglect of the child, as evidenced by the continuation or insubstantial
diminution of conditions which threatened the health, welfare or life of the child .
...
Petitioner failed to comply with the terms and conditions of his improvement period, as
evidenced by his failure to remain in contact with the DHHR regarding implementation of those
services. As such, it is clear that the circuit court was presented with sufficient evidence upon
which to find that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct
the conditions of abuse or neglect. Moreover, the circuit court also found that reunification with
petitioner was not in the children’s best interests. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4
604(a)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate parental rights upon these findings.
For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
August 8, 2016, order is hereby affirmed.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: March 24, 2017
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
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